The Influence of Economic Ideologies on U.S. K-12 Education Policy: Testing, Markets, and Competition

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was first passed in 1965 and has since been reauthorized several times, including as No Child Left Behind in 2001 and the Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015. The ESEA seeks to address the needs of low-income students; however, decades of reform efforts and government reports documenting inequality have done little to close gaps in educational resources or outcomes for marginalized groups. Accountability systems based on standardized testing are seen by policymakers on the Left and Right as the best way to improve education for marginalized groups, improve students’ economic preparedness, hold schools accountable for the funds they spend, and maintain an objective meritocracy. This paper argues that testing is a flawed tool to achieve the goal of education equality as accountability systems rely on flawed assumptions influenced by conservative and neoliberal economic ideologies

Social Class

Discussion of class structure in fifth-century Athens, historical constitution of theater audiences, and the changes in the comic representation of class antagonism from Aristophanes to Menander

Optimization of investment decisions and production planning in aging offshore petroleum fields

This thesis suggests that an optimization model can be used as decision support when different subsea solutions are evaluated in order to increase hydrocarbon recovery and production lifetime of a field. The Marlim field in Campos Basin outside the coast of Brazil is used as a case, which is a field described as an aging field with increasing water production and declining profitability. The objective for the model is to maximize the net present value of a production asset by evaluating the installation of subsea boosters, subsea water separators and alternative routing solutions. The case consists of a well cluster of four wells that is routed through a subsea manifold connected to a FPSO through a riser. This case is similar to many of the production assets in the Marlim field, making the model applicable on other cases in the field as well. To solve this problem, a mixed integer linear program is developed. The nonlinear functions are approximated with piecewise linearization by a SOS2 formulation, where the set of breakpoints are generated in a multiphase flow simulator. Binary variables with time period indexes are introduced to say what type of technology should be installed, and when it should be installed. The time horizon in the model is ten years with a yearly resolution. The problem turns out to be quite challenging to solve if the detail level in the linear approximations and the time periods becomes too high. The problem is however solved nicely for a detail level found to be sufficient to provide useful results. The model suggest that there is a large potential for improving an asset’s NPV by installing new subsea processing equipment for enhanced production. The improvement consists of increased production and better usage of today’s infrastructure and topside installations, as well as increased system flexibility to mitigate uncertainty