CABLE-metoden i den diakonala verksamheten : Finns det ett behov av metoden i de svenska församlingarna i Vasa och Korsholm?

Detta examensarbete beskriver CABLE metoden i den diakonala verksamheten. CABLE Community Action Based Learning for Empowerment är en grupphandledningsprocess där många olika resursförstärkande metoder används för att stärka människors egen förmåga att påverka sin livssituation på ett positivt sätt. Syftet är att reda ut hur metoden skulle fungera i den diakonala verksamheten i Vasa och Korsholm. Frågeställningarna lyder: Vilka former av verksamhet finns nu? För vilka målgrupper saknas verksamhet i nuläget? Varför kunde CABLE-metoden vara en fungerande, kompletterande metod i församlingarna? Examensarbetet består av en litteraturdel och en empirisk del i form av fokusgruppintervju. I litteraturdelen beskrivs den diakonala verksamhetens prioriteringar. Vasa svenska församling och Korsholms församling beskrivs utgående från statistikuppgifter. CABLE metoden och teorin bakom den empowerment behandlas. Fokusgruppintervjuerna i den empiriska delen har analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys . Resultaten från studien visar att det i de båda församlingarna finns ett digert utbud av verksamhetsformer. Det saknas specifik verksamhet för ensamstående mammor, invandrare, ensamstående äldre, personer med psykisk ohälsa, arbetslösa och daglediga samt ensamstående kvinnor och män. Denna grupp av människor är sådana som skulle gynnas av att delta i en CABLE grupp, vilken i motsats till församlingarnas nuvarande gruppverksamhet, riktar sig till alla oberoende av bakgrund, tro, intresse och livssituation.Opinnäytetyössä kuvaillaan CABLE menetelmän käyttöä diakoniatoiminnassa. CABLE (Community Action Based Learning for Empowerment, suomeksi myös Kaapeli) on yhteisövalmennusta, jossa käytetään useita voimauttavia menetelmiä. Tavoitteena on tukea ihmisten kykyä vaikuttaa myönteisesti omaan elämäntilanteeseensa. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on selvittää, miten menetelmä toimisi Vaasan ja Mustasaaren diakoniatoiminnassa. Kysymyksenasettelu on seuraava: Mitä toimintamuotoja tällä hetkellä on käytössä? Mille kohderyhmille suunnattua toimintaa ei tällä hetkellä ole? Miksi CABLE menetelmä voisi olla toimiva ja täydentävä vaihtoehto seurakuntien toiminnassa? Opinnäytetyö koostuu kirjallisuusosasta ja empiirisestä osasta, joka on toteutettu fokusryhmähaastatteluna. Kirjallisuusosassa kuvataan diakoniatoiminnan ensisijaiset tavoitteet. Vaasan ruotsalainen seurakunta ja Mustasaaren seurakunta kuvaillaan tilastotietoja käyttäen. CABLE menetelmä ja voimaannuttamisteoria, johon menetelmä perustuu, kuvaillaan. Empiirisen osan fokusryhmähaastattelujen analysoinnissa on käytetty kvalitatiivista sisällönanalyysia. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että molemmat seurakunnat tarjoavat laajasti monenlaista toimintaa. Kohdennettua toimintaa ei ole yksinhuoltajaäideille, maahanmuuttajille, yksinäisille vanhuksille, mielenterveyden häiriöistä kärsiville, työttömille ja ei työllisille sekä yksinäisille naisille ja miehille. Tämä ihmisryhmä hyötyisi CABLE valmennusryhmään osallistumisesta, joka toisin kuin seurakuntien tämänhetkinen ryhmätoiminta on suunnattu kaikille taustasta, vakaumuksesta, kiinnostuksenkohteista ja elämäntilanteesta riippumatta.This study aims to describe the CABLE method in diaconal ministries. CABLE, i.e. Community Action Based Learning for Empowerment is a process involving support groups that work towards providing people with the abilities and resources needed to affect their lives in a positive manner. The purpose of the study is to investigate how the method might be implemented in diaconal ministries in the Vaasa and Mustasaari congregations. The questions we have sought to answer are: Which type of activities are currently on offer? What target groups are still without activities? Why might the CABLE method become a functional, complementary method within the ministries of these two congregations? The first part of the study is a literature review of mainly statistical data that describes the two congregations respectively. Here we also lay out the priorities set for diaconal ministries in both Vaasa and Mustasaari. The second empirical part is based on interviews with a focus group. These interviews have been analysed using qualitative content analysis. The CABLE method and the theory behind it empowerment is also dealt with. The results from the study show that both congregations offer a wide range of activities. However, there are no activities targeted specifically at single mothers, immigrants, elderly single people, people with mental problems, the unemployed and otherwise unoccupied women and men. These groups are people who would benefit from being involved in a CABLE group which, contrary to existing diaconal group activities, embraces all people regardless of their background, faith, interests and situation in life

The identification of allergen proteins in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) pollen causing occupational allergy in greenhouses

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>During production of sugar beet (<it>Beta vulgaris</it>) seeds in greenhouses, workers frequently develop allergic symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize possible allergens in sugar beet pollen.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sera from individuals at a local sugar beet seed producing company, having positive SPT and specific IgE to sugar beet pollen extract, were used for immunoblotting. Proteins in sugar beet pollen extracts were separated by 1- and 2-dimensional electrophoresis, and IgE-reactive proteins analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A 14 kDa protein was identified as an allergen, since IgE-binding was inhibited by the well-characterized allergen Che a 2, profilin, from the related species <it>Chenopodium album</it>. The presence of 17 kDa and 14 kDa protein homologues to both the allergens Che a 1 and Che a 2 were detected in an extract from sugar beet pollen, and partial amino acid sequences were determined, using inclusion lists for tandem mass spectrometry based on homologous sequences.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Two occupational allergens were identified in sugar beet pollen showing sequence similarity with <it>Chenopodium </it>allergens. Sequence data were obtained by mass spectrometry (70 and 25%, respectively for Beta v 1 and Beta v 2), and can be used for cloning and recombinant expression of the allergens. As for treatment of <it>Chenopodium </it>pollinosis, immunotherapy with sugar beet pollen extracts may be feasible.</p

Pharmacologic Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Reduces Human Leg Capillary Filtration

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is produced and secreted by atrial cells. We measured calf capillary filtration rate with prolonged venous-occlusion plethys-mography of supine health male subjects during pharmacologic infusion of ANP (48 pmol/kg/min for 15 min; n equals 6) and during placebo infusion (n equals 7). Results during infusions were compared to prior control measurements. ANP infusion increased plasma (ANP) from 30 plus or minus 4 to 2,568 plus or minus 595 pmol/L. Systemic hemoconcentration occurred during ANP infusion; mean hematocrit and plasma colloid osmotic pressure increased 4.6 and 11.3 percent respectively, relative to pre-infusion baseline values (p is less than 0.05). Mean calf filtration, however was significantly reduced from 0.15 to 0.08 ml/100 ml/min with ANP. Heart rate increased 20 percent with ANP infusion, wheras blood pressure was unchanged. Calf conductance (blood flow/arterial pressure) and venous compliance were unaffected by ANP infusion. Placebo infusion had no effect relative to prior baseline control measurements. Although ANP induced systemic capillary filtration, in the calf, filtration was reduced with ANP. Therefore, phamacologic ANP infusion enhances capillary filtration from the systemic circulation, perhaps at upper body or splanchic sites or both, while having the opposite effect in the leg

Aseptic meningitis outbreak associated with echovirus 4 in Northern Europe in 2013-2014

Picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) are small, nonenveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. The members of this family are currently classified into 47 genera and 110 species. Of picornaviruses, entero-and parechoviruses are associated with aseptic meningitis. They are transmitted via fecal-oral and respiratory routes, and occasionally, these viruses may cause a brief viremia and gain access to central nervous system (CNS). During the diagnostic screening of entero-and parechovirus types in Finland in year 2013-14, we detected a cluster of echovirus 4 (E4) infections in young adults and adolescents. As E4 is infrequently detected in Finland, we contacted several Northern and Central European laboratories that conduct routine surveillance for enteroviruses and, for those who have had E4 cases, we send a query for E4 sequences and data. Here we report CNS infections caused by E4 in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland and Germany in 2013 and 2014, and show that the E4 detected in these countries form a single lineage. In contrast, E4 strains circulating in these countries preceding the year 2013, and those circulating elsewhere in Europe during 2013-2014, formed several independent clusters.Peer reviewe

Evidence that breast cancer risk at the 2q35 locus is mediated through IGFBP5 regulation.

GWAS have identified a breast cancer susceptibility locus on 2q35. Here we report the fine mapping of this locus using data from 101,943 subjects from 50 case-control studies. We genotype 276 SNPs using the 'iCOGS' genotyping array and impute genotypes for a further 1,284 using 1000 Genomes Project data. All but two, strongly correlated SNPs (rs4442975 G/T and rs6721996 G/A) are excluded as candidate causal variants at odds against &gt;100:1. The best functional candidate, rs4442975, is associated with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) disease with an odds ratio (OR) in Europeans of 0.85 (95% confidence interval=0.84-0.87; P=1.7 × 10(-43)) per t-allele. This SNP flanks a transcriptional enhancer that physically interacts with the promoter of IGFBP5 (encoding insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5) and displays allele-specific gene expression, FOXA1 binding and chromatin looping. Evidence suggests that the g-allele confers increased breast cancer susceptibility through relative downregulation of IGFBP5, a gene with known roles in breast cell biology

Virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility in enterococci isolated from oral mucosal and deep infections

This study evaluates the presence of virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility among enterococcal isolates from oral mucosal and deep infections. Forty-three enterococcal strains from oral mucosal lesions and 18 from deep infections were isolated from 830 samples that were sent during 2 years to Oral Microbiology, University of Gothenburg, for analysis. The 61 strains were identified by 16S rDNA, and characterized by the presence of the virulence genes efa A (endocarditis gene), gel E (gelatinase gene), ace (collagen binding antigen gene), asa (aggregation substance gene), cyl A (cytolysin activator gene) and esp (surface adhesin gene), tested for the production of bacteriocins and presence of plasmids. MIC determination was performed using the E-test method against the most commonly used antibiotics in dentistry, for example, penicillin V, amoxicillin and clindamycin. Vancomycin was included in order to detect vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) strains. Sixty strains were identified as Enterococcus faecalis and one as Enterococcus faecium. All the virulence genes were detected in more than 93.3% (efa A and esp) of the E. faecalis strains, while the presence of phenotypic characteristics was much lower (gelatinase 10% and hemolysin 16.7%). Forty-six strains produced bacteriocins and one to six plasmids were detected in half of the isolates. Enterococcal strains from oral infections had a high virulence capacity, showed bacteriocin production and had numerous plasmids. They were generally susceptible to ampicillins but were resistant to clindamycin, commonly used in dentistry, and no VRE-strain was found

BRCA2 polymorphic stop codon K3326X and the risk of breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers

Background: The K3326X variant in BRCA2 (BRCA2*c.9976A&gt;T; p.Lys3326*; rs11571833) has been found to be associated with small increased risks of breast cancer. However, it is not clear to what extent linkage disequilibrium with fully pathogenic mutations might account for this association. There is scant information about the effect of K3326X in other hormone-related cancers. Methods: Using weighted logistic regression, we analyzed data from the large iCOGS study including 76 637 cancer case patients and 83 796 control patients to estimate odds ratios (ORw) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for K3326X variant carriers in relation to breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer risks, with weights defined as probability of not having a pathogenic BRCA2 variant. Using Cox proportional hazards modeling, we also examined the associations of K3326X with breast and ovarian cancer risks among 7183 BRCA1 variant carriers. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The K3326X variant was associated with breast (ORw = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.40, P = 5.9x10- 6) and invasive ovarian cancer (ORw = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.43, P = 3.8x10-3). These associations were stronger for serous ovarian cancer and for estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer (ORw = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.70, P = 3.4x10-5 and ORw = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.28 to 1.76, P = 4.1x10-5, respectively). For BRCA1 mutation carriers, there was a statistically significant inverse association of the K3326X variant with risk of ovarian cancer (HR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.84, P = .013) but no association with breast cancer. No association with prostate cancer was observed. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that the K3326X variant is associated with risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers independent of other pathogenic variants in BRCA2. Further studies are needed to determine the biological mechanism of action responsible for these associations

A European multicentre evaluation of detection and typing methods for human enteroviruses and parechoviruses using RNA transcripts

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection has become the gold standard for diagnosis and typing of enterovirus (EV) and human parechovirus (HPeV) infections. Its effectiveness depends critically on using the appropriate sample types and high assay sensitivity as viral loads in cerebrospinal fluid samples from meningitis and sepsis clinical presentation can be extremely low. This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of currently used commercial and in-house diagnostic and typing assays. Accurately quantified RNA transcript controls were distributed to 27 diagnostic and 12 reference laboratories in 17 European countries for blinded testing. Transcripts represented the four human EV species (EV-A71, echovirus 30, coxsackie A virus 21, and EV-D68), HPeV3, and specificity controls. Reported results from 48 in-house and 15 commercial assays showed 98% detection frequencies of high copy (1000 RNA copies/5 mu L) transcripts. In-house assays showed significantly greater detection frequencies of the low copy (10 copies/5 mu L) EV and HPeV transcripts (81% and 86%, respectively) compared with commercial assays (56%, 50%; P = 7 x 10(-5)). EV-specific PCRs showed low cross-reactivity with human rhinovirus C (3 of 42 tests) and infrequent positivity in the negative control (2 of 63 tests). Most or all high copy EV and HPeV controls were successfully typed (88%, 100%) by reference laboratories, but showed reduced effectiveness for low copy controls (41%, 67%). Stabilized RNA transcripts provide an effective, logistically simple and inexpensive reagent for evaluation of diagnostic assay performance. The study provides reassurance of the performance of the many in-house assay formats used across Europe. However, it identified often substantially reduced sensitivities of commercial assays often used as point-of-care tests.Peer reviewe

Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Trajectory of Emerging Echovirus 30, Europe

In 2018, an upsurge in echovirus 30 (E30) infections was reported in Europe. We conducted a large-scale epidemiologic and evolutionary study of 1,329 E30 strains collected in 22 countries in Europe during 2016-2018. Most E30 cases affected persons 0-4 years of age (29%) and 25-34 years of age (27%). Sequences were divided into 6 genetic clades (G1-G6). Most (53%) sequences belonged to G1, followed by G6 (23%), G2 (17%), G4 (4%), G3 (0.3%), and G5 (0.2%). Each clade encompassed unique individual recombinant forms; G1 and G4 displayed >= 2 unique recombinant forms. Rapid turnover of new clades and recombinant forms occurred over time. Clades G1 and G6 dominated in 2018, suggesting the E30 upsurge was caused by emergence of 2 distinct clades circulating in Europe. Investigation into the mechanisms behind the rapid turnover of E30 is crucial for clarifying the epidemiology and evolution of these enterovirus infections.Peer reviewe