Industrial Data Homogenization and Monitoring Scheme with Blockchain Oracles

Research efforts on Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) for industrial applications have constantly been increasing over the last years. The use of DLTs in the Industry 4.0 paradigm provides traceability, integrity, and immutability of the generated industrial data. However, Industry 4.0 ecosystems are typically composed of multiple smart factory clusters belonging to several companies, which are immersed in constant interaction with other business partners, clients, or suppliers. In such complex ecosystems, multiple DLTs are necessarily employed to maintain the integrity of the data throughout the whole process, from when the data is generated until it is processed at higher levels. Moreover, industrial data is commonly heterogeneous, which causes compatibility issues, along with security and efficiency issues in the homogenization process. Thus, the data needs to be pre-processed and homogenized in a secure manner before being exploited. Consequently, in this work, we address the issues mentioned above by providing an industrial raw data pre-processing and homogenization process according to a standard data model. We employ decentralized blockchain oracles to guarantee the integrity of the external data during the homogenization process. Hereafter, we design an interoperable plant blockchain for trustworthy storage and processing of the resulting homogenized data across several industrial plants. We also present a prototype implementation of the aforementioned scheme and discuss its effectiveness. Finally, we design a monitoring scheme to overview the usage the performance of the architecture processes and identify possible performance and security issues.This work has been financed by the European Commission through the Horizon Europe program under the IDUNN project (grant agreement number 101021911). It was also partially supported by the Ayudas Cervera para Centros Tecnológicos grant of the Spanish Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology (CDTI) under the project EGIDA (CER-20191012), and by the Basque Country Government under the ELKARTEK program, project ELKARTEK program, project REMEDY - REal tiME control and embeddeD securitY (KK-2021/00091)

CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

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A Holistic DLT Architecture for Industry 4.0.

233 p.La Industria 4.0 representa una nueva etapa en la fabricación impulsada por tecnologías emergentes como la IA, IoT y Big Data. En este contexto, las fábricas y procesos pueden autoajustarse mediante análisis de datos en tiempo real, y los productos pueden interactuar con maquinaria. A pesar de las oportunidades de optimización y personalización que brinda, la transición a la Industria 4.0 presenta retos en seguridad de datos, gestión de grandes volúmenes de información y automatización. Una solución emergente es la utilización de Tecnologías de Registro Distribuido (DLT), destacando la blockchain, conocida por su descentralización y seguridad. Esta tesis propone una arquitectura basada en DLTs para abordar los desafíos de la Industria 4.0, desde la generación de datos en dispositivos IoT hasta su uso para decisiones empresariales, enfatizando la seguridad, integración y procesos automatizados

Estudio y evaluación de la identidad digital en Blockchain

Este proyecto consiste en un estudio teórico de la identidad descentralizada basada en Blockchain (identidad soberana), así como las soluciones existentes para la gestión de la identidad en Blockchain. Dichas soluciones son: Alastria ID, Sovrin, Hyperledger Indy y uPort. Finalmente, también se presenta una pequeña tabla comparativa de las principales características de cada una de las soluciones que se han analizado. La segunda parte de este proyecto (parte práctica) consiste en diseñar y poner en marcha una solución de identidad soberana partiendo de la base de alguna de las soluciones examinadas en el apartado teórico (Hyperledger Indy). Posteriormente se realizará una adaptación del sistema que se ha puesto en marcha para el ámbito de la salud, concretamente para el traspaso de expedientes médicos entre diferentes instituciones sanitarias de diferentes comunidades autónomas o países, teniendo en cuenta el actual Reglamento de Protección de Datos (GDPR) de la Unión Europea (UE). Finalmente, para cumplir el objetivo principal del proyecto, se hará una evaluación del sistema de intercambio de expedientes puesto en marcha con Hyperledger Indy.This project consists of a theoretical study of decentralized identity (blockchain - sovereign identity), as well as the existing solutions for decentralized identity management. These solutions are: Alastria ID, Sovrin, Hyperledger Indy and uPort. Finally, a comparative table of the main characteristics of each of the solutions that have been analyzed is also presented. The second part of this project consists of designing and implementing a sovereign identity solution based on one of the solutions examined in the theoretical section (Hyperledger Indy). Subsequently, an adaptation of the system that has been implemented for the healthcare field will be carried out, specifically for the transfer of medical records between different healthcare institutions in different regions or countries, taking into account the current Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union (EU). Finally, in order to fulfil the main objective of the project, an evaluation of the exchange system implemented with Hyperledger Indy will also be carried out.Aquest projecte consisteix en un estudi teòric de la identitat descentralitzada basada en Blockchain (identitat sobirana), així com les solucions existents per a la gestió de la identitat en Blockchain. Aquestes solucions són: Alastria ANEU, Sovrin, Hyperledger Indy i uPort. Finalment, també es presenta una petita taula comparativa de les principals característiques de cadascuna de les solucions que s'han analitzat. La segona part d'aquest projecte (part pràctica) consisteix a dissenyar i posar en marxa una solució d'identitat sobirana partint de la base d'alguna de les solucions examinades en l'apartat teòric (Hyperledger Indy). Posteriorment es realitzarà una adaptació del sistema que s'ha posat en marxa per a l'àmbit de la salut, concretament per al traspàs d'expedients mèdics entre diferents institucions sanitàries de diferents comunitats autònomes o països, tenint en compte l'actual Reglament de Protecció de Dades (GDPR) de la Unió Europea (UE). Finalment, per a complir l'objectiu principal del projecte, es farà una avaluació del sistema d'intercanvi d'expedients posat en marxa amb Hyperledger Indy

Industrial Data Homogenization and Monitoring Scheme with Blockchain Oracles

Research efforts on Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) for industrial applications have constantly been increasing over the last years. The use of DLTs in the Industry 4.0 paradigm provides traceability, integrity, and immutability of the generated industrial data. However, Industry 4.0 ecosystems are typically composed of multiple smart factory clusters belonging to several companies, which are immersed in constant interaction with other business partners, clients, or suppliers. In such complex ecosystems, multiple DLTs are necessarily employed to maintain the integrity of the data throughout the whole process, from when the data is generated until it is processed at higher levels. Moreover, industrial data is commonly heterogeneous, which causes compatibility issues, along with security and efficiency issues in the homogenization process. Thus, the data needs to be pre-processed and homogenized in a secure manner before being exploited. Consequently, in this work, we address the issues mentioned above by providing an industrial raw data pre-processing and homogenization process according to a standard data model. We employ decentralized blockchain oracles to guarantee the integrity of the external data during the homogenization process. Hereafter, we design an interoperable plant blockchain for trustworthy storage and processing of the resulting homogenized data across several industrial plants. We also present a prototype implementation of the aforementioned scheme and discuss its effectiveness. Finally, we design a monitoring scheme to overview the usage the performance of the architecture processes and identify possible performance and security issues

Including Ratio of Platelets to Liver Stiffness Improves Accuracy of Screening for Esophageal Varices That Require Treatment

International audienceBackground & aims: Based on platelets and liver stiffness measurements, the Baveno VI criteria (B6C), the expanded B6C (EB6C), and the ANTICIPATE score can be used to rule out varices needing treatment (VNT) in patients with compensated chronic liver disease. We aimed to improve these tests by including data on the ratio of platelets to liver stiffness.Methods: In a retrospective analysis of data from 10 study populations, collected from 2004 through 2018, we randomly assigned data from 2368 patients with chronic liver disease of different etiologies to a derivation population (n = 1579; 15.1% with VNT, 50.2% with viral hepatitis, 28.9% with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 20.8% with alcohol-associated liver disease, with model for end-stage liver disease scores of 9.5 ± 3.0, and 93.0% with liver stiffness measurements ≥10 kPa) or a validation population (n = 789). Test results were compared with results from a sequential algorithm (VariScreen). VariScreen incorporated data on platelets or liver stiffness measurements and then the ratio of platelets to liver stiffness measurement, adjusted for etiology, patient sex, and international normalized ratio.Results: In the derivation population, endoscopies were spared for 23.9% of patients using the B6C (VNT missed in 2.9%), 24.3% of patients using the ANTICIPATE score (VNT missed in 4.6%), 34.5% of patients using VariScreen (VNT missed in 2.9%), and 41.9% of patients using the EB6C (VNT missed in 10.9%). Differences in spared endoscopy rates were significant (P ≤ .001), except for B6C vs ANTICIPATE and in missed VNT only for EB6C vs the others (P ≤ .009). VariScreen was the only safe test regardless of sex or etiology (missed VNT ≤5%). Moreover, VariScreen secured screening without missed VNT in patients with model for end-stage liver disease scores higher than 10. This overall strategy performed better than a selective strategy restricted to patients with compensated liver disease. Test performance and safety did not differ significantly among populations.Conclusions: In a retrospective study of data from 2368 patients with chronic liver disease, we found that the B6C are safe whereas the EB6C are unsafe, based on missed VNT. The VariScreen algorithm performed well in patients with chronic liver disease of any etiology or severity. It is the only test that safely rules out VNT and can be used in clinical practice

Obesity in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Clinical features and impact on disability. A cross-sectional survey from the GETAID

International audienceBackground: In recent years, an increasing prevalence of obesity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been observed. However, only a few studies have focused on the impact of overweight and obesity on IBD-related disability.Aims: To identify the factors associated with obese and overweight patients with IBD, including IBD-related disability.Patients and methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 1704 consecutive patients with IBD in 42 centres affiliated with the Groupe d'Etude Therapeutique des Affections Inflammatoires du tube Digestif (GETAID) using a 4-page questionnaire. Factors associated with obesity and overweight were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses (odds ratios (ORs) are provided with 95% confidence intervals).Results: The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 24.1% and 12.2%, respectively. Multivariable analyses were stratified by age, sex, type of IBD, clinical remission and age at diagnosis of IBD. Overweight was significantly associated with male sex (OR = 0.52, 95% CI [0.39-0.68], p < 0.001), age (OR = 1.02, 95% CI [1.01-1.03], p < 0.001) and body image subscore (OR = 1.15, 95% CI [1.10-1.20], p < 0.001) (Table 2). Obesity was significantly associated with age (OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.02-1.04], p < 0.001), joint pain subscore (OR = 1.08, 95% CI [1.02-1.14], p < 0.001) and body image subscore (OR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.19-1.32], p < 0.001) (Table 3).Conclusion: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with IBD is associated with age and poorer body image. A holistic approach to IBD patient care should be encouraged to improve IBD-related disability and to prevent rheumatological and cardiovascular complications