Модернизация электроснабжения газокомпрессорной станции

Объектом исследования является газокомпрессорная станция «Александровская». Цель работы – анализ энергопотребления газокомпрессорной станции (ГКС) «Александровская» после модернизации на примере компрессорного цеха и полной модернизации оборудования в нем. Теоретическое исследование регулируемого электропривода газоперекачивающих агрегатов (ГПА), выбор преобразовательного устройства, а также имитационное моделирование переходных процессов пуска.The object of study is a gas compressor station "Aleksandrovskaya". The work purpose – analysis of energy consumption of gas-compressor station (GCS) "Alexander" after the modernization on the example of a compressor plant and the modernization of equipment in it. A theoretical study of controlled electric drive gas pumping aggregates (GPA), the choice of devices and simulation of transients of start-up

Early Blood Pressure Lowering Does Not Reduce Growth of Intraventricular Hemorrhage following Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage:Results of the INTERACT Studies

Background: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) extension is common following acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and is associated with poor prognosis. Aim: To determine whether intensive blood pressure (BP)-lowering therapy reduces IVH growth. Methods: Pooled analyses of the Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trials (INTERACT1 and INTERACT2) computed tomography (CT) substudies; multicenter, open, controlled, randomized trials of patients with acute spontaneous ICH and elevated systolic BP, randomly assigned to intensive (Results: There was no significant difference in adjusted mean IVH growth following intensive (n = 228) compared to guideline-recommended (n = 228) BP treatment (1.6 versus 2.2 ml, respectively; p = 0.56). Adjusted mean IVH growth was nonsignificantly greater in patients with a mean achieved systolic BP ≥160 mm Hg over 24 h (3.94 ml; p trend = 0.26). Conclusions: Early intensive BP-lowering treatment had no clear effect on IVH in acute ICH

Untreated brain arteriovenous malformation Patient-level meta-analysis of hemorrhage predictors

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage in the natural history course of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) using individual patient data meta-analysis of 4 existing cohorts. Methods: We harmonized data from Kaiser Permanente of Northern California (n 5 856), University of California San Francisco (n 5 787), Columbia University (n 5 672), and the Scottish Intracranial Vascular Malformation Study (n 5 210). We censored patients at first treatment, death, last visit, or 10-year follow-up, and performed stratified Cox regression analysis of timeto-hemorrhage after evaluating hemorrhagic presentation, sex, age at diagnosis, deep venous drainage, and AVM size as predictors. Multiple imputation was performed to assess impact of missing data. Results: A total of 141 hemorrhage events occurred during 6,074 patient-years of follow-up (annual rate of 2.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0%-2.7%), higher for ruptured (4.8%, 3.9%-5.9%) than unruptured (1.3%, 1.0%-1.7%) AVMs at presentation. Hemorrhagic presentation (hazard ratio 3.86, 95% CI 2.42-6.14) and increasing age (1.34 per decade, 1.17-1.53) independently predicted hemorrhage and remained significant predictors in the imputed dataset. Female sex (1.49, 95% CI 0.96-2.30) and exclusively deep venous drainage (1.60, 0.95-2.68, p 5 0.02 in imputed dataset) may be additional predictors. AVM size was not associated with intracerebral hemorrhage in multivariable models (p . 0.5). Conclusion: This large, individual patient data meta-analysis identified hemorrhagic presentation and increasing age as independent predictors of hemorrhage during follow-up. Additional AVM cohort data may further improve precision of estimates, identify new risk factors, and allow validation of prediction models. Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) are the most common cause of intracranial hemorrhage in younger people, who are at risk of long-term morbidity and mortality. The most common presentation is hemorrhage (approximately 50%), followed by seizures and neurologic deficits. Understanding hemorrhage risk in the natural history course of BAVM is crucial when making treatment decisions. However, obtaining accurate estimates is challenging because of short follow-up times from censoring by treatment, low event rates, and low prevalence of disease, which are major limitations of all BAVM longitudinal studies. Current BAVM annual hemorrhage rates range from 2%-4% overall 1-9 to 1%-3% among unruptured patients, 1,4,6,9 but vary †Deceased

Clinical outcome after first and recurrent hemorrhage in patients with untreated brain arteriovenous malformation

Background and Purpose: The morbidity from spontaneous hemorrhage of untreated brain arteriovenous malformations(AVM) is not well described.Methods: The 241 consecutive AVM patients (mean age 3716 years, 52% women) from the prospective ColumbiaAVM Databank initially presenting with hemorrhage were evaluated using the Rankin Scale (RS) and the NationalInstitute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). From the 241 AVM patients, 29 (12%) had subsequent intracranialhemorrhage during follow-up. For further comparisons, 84 non-AVM patients with intracerebral hemorrhage from theNorthern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) served as a control group.Results: In 241 AVM patients presenting with hemorrhage the median RS was 2 and the median NIHSS was 1 (49% RS0 to 1, 61% NIHSS 2). The median time between hemorrhage and clinical evaluation was 11 days (mean 219 days).Recurrent AVM hemorrhage during follow-up resulted in no significant increase in morbidity (median RS 2, P0.004;median NIHSS 3, P0.322; time between hemorrhage and study evaluation: median 55 days, mean 657 days). AmongAVM-hemorrhage subtypes, parenchymatous AVM hemorrhage was associated with higher stroke morbidity (oddsratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.5 to 5.8 for NIHSS 2) than nonparenchymatous hemorrhages. Parenchymatous AVM hemorrhagehad a significantly better outcome (median NIHSS 1) than non-AVM related hemorrhage (median NIHSS 12;P0.0001).Conclusions: Hemorrhage, either at initial presentation or during follow-up of untreated AVM patients appears to carr

A comprehensive in situ and remote sensing data set from the Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign

The Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign was carried out north-west of Svalbard (Norway) between 23 May and 6 June 2017. The objective of ACLOUD was to study Arctic boundary layer and mid-level clouds and their role in Arctic amplification. Two research aircraft (Polar 5 and 6) jointly performed 22 research flights over the transition zone between open ocean and closed sea ice. Both aircraft were equipped with identical instrumentation for measurements of basic meteorological parameters, as well as for turbulent and radiative energy fluxes. In addition, on Polar 5 active and passive remote sensing instruments were installed, while Polar 6 operated in situ instruments to characterize cloud and aerosol particles as well as trace gases. A detailed overview of the specifications, data processing, and data quality is provided here. It is shown that the scientific analysis of the ACLOUD data benefits from the coordinated operation of both aircraft. By combining the cloud remote sensing techniques operated on Polar 5, the synergy of multi-instrument cloud retrieval is illustrated. The remote sensing methods were validated using truly collocated in situ and remote sensing observations. The data of identical instruments operated on both aircraft were merged to extend the spatial coverage of mean atmospheric quantities and turbulent and radiative flux measurement. Therefore, the data set of the ACLOUD campaign provides comprehensive in situ and remote sensing observations characterizing the cloudy Arctic atmosphere. All processed, calibrated, and validated data are published in the World Data Center PANGAEA as instrument-separated data subsets (Ehrlich et al., 2019b, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.902603)

Anthropogenic organic micro-pollutants and pathogens in the urban water cycle: assessment, barriers and risk communication (ASKURIS)

In urban areas, water often flows along a partially closed water cycle in which treated municipal wastewater is discharged into surface waters which are one source of raw waters used for drinking water supply. A number of organic micro-pollutants (OMP) can be found in different water compartments. In the near future, climatic and demographic changes will probably contribute to an increase of OMP and antibiotic-resistant pathogens in aquatic ecosystems. The occurrence of OMP, possible adverse effects on aquatic organisms and human health and the public perception must be carefully assessed to properly manage and communicate potentially associated risks and to implement appropriate advanced treatment options at the optimum location within the water cycle. Therefore, the interdisciplinary research project ASKURIS focuses on identification and quantification, toxicological assessment and removal of organic micro-pollutants and antibiotic-resistant pathogens in the Berlin water cycle, life cycle-based economic and environmental assessment, public perception and management of potential risks

Increasing value and reducing waste in stroke research

Stroke represents a major burden to patients and society, and resources spent on stroke research must be used efficiently and produce good value in terms of improvements in human health. However, there are many examples of poor value from stroke research funding, which result from the way in which stroke research has been chosen, designed, conducted, analysed, regulated, managed, disseminated, or reported. In a project including a survey and a symposium and involving stroke researchers in the European Stroke Organisation we have sought to identify sources of inefficiency and waste, recommended approaches to increase value, and highlighted examples of best practice in stroke research. Recent evidence suggests that progress has been made, but there is room for much improvement, and stroke researchers, funders and other stakeholders might consider our recommendations when planning new research

Differences and similarities between spontaneous dissections of the internal carotid artery and the vertebral artery

Background and Purpose—To compare potential risk factors, clinical symptoms, diagnostic delay, and 3-month outcome between spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection (sICAD) and spontaneous vertebral artery dissection (sVAD). Methods—We compared patients with sICAD (n=668) and sVAD (n=302) treated in 3 university hospitals. Results—Patients with sICAD were older (46.3±9.6 versus 42.0±10.2 years; P<0.001), more often men (62.7% versus 53.0%; P=0.004), and presented more frequently with tinnitus (10.9% versus 3.4%; P<0.001) and more severe ischemic strokes (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, 10±7.1 versus 5±5.9; P<0.001). Patients with sVAD had more often bilateral dissections (15.2% versus 7.6%; P<0.001) and were more often smokers (36.0% versus 28.7%; P=0.007). Thunderclap headache (9.2% versus 3.6%; P=0.001) and neck pain were more common (65.8% versus 33.5%; P<0.001) in sVAD. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (6.0% versus 0.6%; P<0.001) and ischemic stroke (69.5% versus 52.2%; P<0.001) were more frequent in sVAD. After multivariate analysis, sex difference lost its significance (P=0.21), and all other variables remained significant. Time to diagnosis was similar in sICAD and sVAD and improved between 2001 and 2012 compared with the previous 10-year period (8.0±10.5 days versus 10.7±13.2 days; P=0.004). In sVAD, favorable outcome 3 months after ischemic stroke (modified Rankin Scale, 0–2: 88.8% versus 58.4%; P<0.001), recurrent transient ischemic attack (4.8% versus 1.1%; P=0.001), and recurrent ischemic stroke (2.8% versus 0.7%; P=0.02) within 3 months were more frequent. Conclusions—sICAD and sVAD patients differ in many aspects. Future studies should perform separate analyses of these 2 entities

Low Ambient Temperature and Intracerebral Hemorrhage : The INTERACT2 Study

Markku Kaste ja Filip Scheperjans työryhmän jäsenenä.Background Rates of acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) increase in winter months but the magnitude of risk is unknown. We aimed to quantify the association of ambient temperature with the risk of ICH in the Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Haemorrhage Trial (INTERACT2) participants on an hourly timescale. Methods INTERACT2 was an international, open, blinded endpoint, randomized controlled trial of patients with spontaneous ICH ( Results were presented as overall cumulative odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI. Results Low ambient temperature ( Conclusions Exposure to low ambient temperature within several hours increases the risk of ICH.Peer reviewe