81 research outputs found
Physiological differences between sugar beet varieties susceptible, tolerant or resistant to the beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii (Schmidt) under uninfested conditions
The beet cyst nematode (BCN) is a problem to sugar beet growers around the world and can cause severe yield losses. Recently, varieties of sugar beet have been developed which are either tolerant to damage caused by BCN, or alternatively are resistant to BCN. Little is understood about these varieties and how they may have different physiological characteristics when compared with varieties of sugar beet that are susceptible to BCN. This study assessed a range of nine varieties, which were tolerant, susceptible or resistant to BCN, in pot and hydroponic tank investigations to measure differences in their canopy, early rooting and yield traits in the absence of BCN. Two field experiments, using four varieties which were susceptible, resistant or tolerant to BCN, then followed to test the hypothesis that increasing the plant population density (PPD) allows a BCN resistant variety to achieve a greater yield. In the pot and hydroponic experiments, it became clear that the varieties had different growth habits. The resistant variety yielded the least sugar and had the smallest canopy per plant. In the field experiments, which were not infested with BCN, in both years the resistant variety also showed a delayed canopy expansion compared to the other varieties. The rate of expansion could be increased by increasing the PPD. In 2016 this increased PPD resulted in higher yields of the resistant variety. However, due to better canopy development in the following year, a yield penalty was found in 2017 at higher PPDs. Understanding how different varieties need different PPDs may make resistant varieties a more economical option to cultivate in the future. However, the levels of impurities, particularly sodium impurities, in the resistant plants may still make them a less favourable choice to grow. The light tolerant varieties showed a distinct increased rooting and canopy expansion rate compared to the other variety types, while the tolerant varieties showed similar rooting and canopy traits to the susceptible varieties but had different yield responses to increased seed rate
Football friends: adolescent boysâ friendships inside an English professional football (soccer) academy.
This qualitative research draws on data from semi-structured, in-depth interviews to examine the friendships of twelve adolescent (14 and 15-year-old) boys within a professional football club Academy: a setting marked by competition for places. Findings highlight how boys fail to develop âdeepâ friendships with other boys inside the club; their peer-relationships, even when described as âfriendships,â are devoid of trust and emotional intimacy. Instead, âbeing matesâ is experienced within parameters of instrumentalism and individualism leading to superficial and inauthentic friendships. There is some indication that boys developed closer friendships with boys outside of the Academy, suggesting that competition is implicated negatively in friendship-building and hinders the capabilities of these boys to develop close friendships with teammates. Concluding this paper, we acknowledge limitations of our data, discuss implications and challenges for football academies, and highlight directions for future research
On the mechanisms governing gas penetration into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection
A new 1D radial fluid code, IMAGINE, is used to simulate the penetration of gas into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection (MGI). The main result is that the gas is in general strongly braked as it reaches the plasma, due to mechanisms related to charge exchange and (to a smaller extent) recombination. As a result, only a fraction of the gas penetrates into the plasma. Also, a shock wave is created in the gas which propagates away from the plasma, braking and compressing the incoming gas. Simulation results are quantitatively consistent, at least in terms of orders of magnitude, with experimental data for a D 2 MGI into a JET Ohmic plasma. Simulations of MGI into the background plasma surrounding a runaway electron beam show that if the background electron density is too high, the gas may not penetrate, suggesting a possible explanation for the recent results of Reux et al in JET (2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 093013)
Determination of gamma and-2 beta(s) from charmless two-body decays of beauty mesons
Using the latest LHCb measurements of time-dependent CP violation in the
B^0_s -> K^+K^- decay, a U-spin relation between the decay amplitudes of B^0_s
-> K^+K^- and B^0 -> \pi^+\pi^- decay processes allows constraints to be placed
on the angle gamma of the unitarity triangle and on the B^0_s mixing phase
-2\beta_s. Results from an extended approach, which uses additional inputs on
B^0 -> \pi^0\pi^0 and B^+ -> \pi^+\pi^0 decays from other experiments and
exploits isospin symmetry, are also presented. The dependence of the results on
the maximum allowed amount of U-spin breaking is studied. At 68% probability,
the value \gamma = ( 63.5 +7.2 -6.7 ) degrees modulo 180 degrees is determined.
In an alternative analysis, the value -2\beta_s = -0.12 +0.14 -0.16 rad is
found. In both measurements, the uncertainties due to U-spin breaking effects
up to 50% are included.Comment: updated to v2 with minor changes after journal revie
Measurement of the (eta c)(1S) production cross-section in proton-proton collisions via the decay (eta c)(1S) -> p(p)over-bar
The production of the state in proton-proton collisions is
probed via its decay to the final state with the LHCb detector, in
the rapidity range and in the meson transverse-momentum range
GeV/c. The cross-section for prompt production of
mesons relative to the prompt cross-section is measured, for the first
time, to be at a centre-of-mass energy TeV using data
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.7 fb, and at
TeV using 2.0 fb. The uncertainties quoted are, in order, statistical,
systematic, and that on the ratio of branching fractions of the
and decays to the final state. In addition, the inclusive
branching fraction of -hadron decays into mesons is measured,
for the first time, to be , where the third uncertainty includes also
the uncertainty on the inclusive branching fraction from -hadron
decays. The difference between the and meson masses is
determined to be MeV/c.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figure
Hatching dynamics of the beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, following exposure to root leachates from cultivars of sugar beet, white mustard and radish
The Relationship Between Environmental Social Governance Factors and U.S. Stock Performance
Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia mimicking childhood myopathy: Clinical and biochemical response to prednisolone
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