Prática de ensino supervisionada em Educação Pré-Escolar e ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

O documento que aqui apresentámos é o reflexo do trabalho desenvolvido no âmbito da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. A ação educativa desenvolvida no contexto do Pré-Escolar ocorreu num grupo de vinte e uma crianças com idades de quatro e cinco anos. No que refere ao 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico a ação educativa realizou-se num grupo de treze crianças com idades de seis e sete anos do 2.º ano de escolaridade. Estes contextos situam-se na cidade de Bragança. Apresenta-se a contextualização das instituições envolventes, bem como dos dois grupos de crianças, a caracterização dos espaço e do tempo e por fim as interações. Apresentámos ainda uma fundamentação teórica que procura explicar as opções metodológicas ao longo de toda a Prática de Ensino Supervisionada. Explanam-se, em síntese, algumas experiências de aprendizagem, desenvolvidas ao longo da prática de ensino supervisionada nos dois contextos abrangendo as diferentes áreas de conteúdos. Estas experiências de aprendizagem foram planeadas com o objetivo de promover a escuta dos interesses, das necessidades e da participação ativa das crianças, dando-lhes voz e respeitando cada uma como um ser capaz de tomar decisões. O desenvolvimento das experiências de aprendizagem constitui-se como uma narrativa dos processos coconstruídos, da aprendizagem ativa e por descoberta. Neste sentido, procurámos assumir uma linha reflexiva, sustentada numa pedagogia de participação.The document here presented is the reflection of the work developed under the signature of Practical Supervised Teaching, of Master´s Preschool Education and Basic Teaching in the first four years of school. The educational action was developed in the context of Preschool Education, with a group of twenty-one children in the age of four and five years old. Relatively to the Primary School, the educational action was realized with a group of thirteen children in the age of six and seven years old of the second year of school. Both of the contexts are located in Bragança. Here is presented the contextualization of the surrounding institutions, as well the characterization of the two groups of children, the spaces where they were, the time, their interactions and relations. We also present a theoretical presentation which tries to explain the methodological options throughout the practice of Supervised Teaching. The major learning experiences, developed throughout the practice of Supervised Teaching in both of contexts, covering different areas content are briefly explained here. These learning experiences were planned with the main goal of promote the listening interests, the different needs and the active participation of children, giving them “voice”, liberty of expression, making them respecting each person as human being capable of making their own decisions. The description of the learning experiences is seen as a narrative of co-built of active learning and the discoveries that children have made. In this sense, we tried to take a reflective way, supported of pedagogy of participation

Chutney: aproveitamento de figo “pingo de mel”

Fruto típico da região mediterrânea com um elevado valor nutricional, o figo pode ser utilizado em entradas, pratos principais, sobremesas, licores e compotas. Dada a fragilidade e perecibilidade dos frutos, o tempo de vida útil é muito curto, ocorrendo considerável desperdício no período pós-colheita. Para minimizar estas perdas, é frequente o recurso a processos de conservação, nomeadamente a secagem. Tradicionalmente em Portugal, o figo seco é o modo mais usual de consumo destes frutos. Atualmente pretende-se diversificar a oferta, disponibilizando novos produtos, com elaboração de produtos apelativos, à base do figo, que satisfaçam as necessidades dos consumidores e, em simultâneo, numa perspetiva de sustentabilidade e escoamento de frutos que não cumpram os requisitos de qualidade para comercialização em fresco. Deste modo surge o chutney, molho espesso agridoce e picante de origem indiana. Este produto apresenta um potencial industrial para aproveitamento de frutas de menor valor comercial. Apesar do mais conhecido ser o chutney de manga, qualquer fruta e/ou legume pode ser utilizado na confeção deste produto. Tecnologicamente, a sua preparação envolve processos relativamente simples, associados a um baixo custo de produção. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a elaboração de chutney de figo, como aproveitamento de figos, de reduzido valor comercial, da variedade “pingo de mel”, com grande distribuição e produção a nível nacional.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Caraterização morfológica e físico-química de diferentes cultivares de cereja produzidas em Resende

A região de Resende é uma região tradicional de produção de cereja que nos últimos anos tem apostado em novas plantações e no desenvolvimento da cultura. São várias as cultivares de cereja possíveis de encontrar. Neste sentido, com o presente trabalho pretendeu-se proceder à caraterização morfológica e físico-química de frutos de cinco cultivares, tendo sido recolhidas 29 amostras de cerca de 1 kg de cereja, de diferentes produtores e de diferentes cultivares, nomeadamente: Van (9 amostras), Durona (7 amostras), Lapin (7 amostras), Summit (4 amostras) e Sunburst (2 amostras). De cada amostra foram retirados aleatoriamente 20 frutos e em cada fruto foi avaliada ao nível morfológico a massa do fruto (com e sem pedúnculo) (g), comprimento do fruto (mm), diâmetro máximo do fruto (mm); diâmetro mínimo do fruto (mm), massa do caroço (g) e relação polpa caroço. Em termos físico-químicos avaliou-se a firmeza, cor, teor de sólidos solúveis totais e acidez titulável. Os resultados indicam a existência de diferenças assinaláveis entre as cultivares em estudo. Assim, a Summit foi a cultivar que apresentou frutos mais compridos (20,52 mm ± 0,99 mm), maior diâmetro 24,94 mm ± 1,34 mm, e a variedade onde se registaram os frutos mais pesados (7,24 g ± 1,09 g). De uma maneira geral o teor em sólidos solúveis totais oscilou entre 12,79% e 16,91%, sendo os valores mais elevados registados na Summit e os valores inferiores na Durona. Ao nível da acidez, firmeza e cor também se registaram diferenças entre cultivares.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study

: High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNet® convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNet® model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications of COVID-19 in adults hospitalized in high-income countries compared with those in adults hospitalized in low- and middle-income countries in an international registry

Background: COVID-19 has been associated with a broad range of thromboembolic, ischemic, and hemorrhagic complications (coagulopathy complications). Most studies have focused on patients with severe disease from high-income countries (HICs). Objectives: The main aims were to compare the frequency of coagulopathy complications in developing countries (low- and middle-income countries [LMICs]) with those in HICs, delineate the frequency across a range of treatment levels, and determine associations with in-hospital mortality. Methods: Adult patients enrolled in an observational, multinational registry, the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections COVID-19 study, between January 1, 2020, and September 15, 2021, met inclusion criteria, including admission to a hospital for laboratory-confirmed, acute COVID-19 and data on complications and survival. The advanced-treatment cohort received care, such as admission to the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, or inotropes or vasopressors; the basic-treatment cohort did not receive any of these interventions. Results: The study population included 495,682 patients from 52 countries, with 63% from LMICs and 85% in the basic treatment cohort. The frequency of coagulopathy complications was higher in HICs (0.76%-3.4%) than in LMICs (0.09%-1.22%). Complications were more frequent in the advanced-treatment cohort than in the basic-treatment cohort. Coagulopathy complications were associated with increased in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.52-1.64). The increased mortality associated with these complications was higher in LMICs (58.5%) than in HICs (35.4%). After controlling for coagulopathy complications, treatment intensity, and multiple other factors, the mortality was higher among patients in LMICs than among patients in HICs (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.39-1.51). Conclusion: In a large, international registry of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, coagulopathy complications were more frequent in HICs than in LMICs (developing countries). Increased mortality associated with coagulopathy complications was of a greater magnitude among patients in LMICs. Additional research is needed regarding timely diagnosis of and intervention for coagulation derangements associated with COVID-19, particularly for limited-resource settings