Proibicionismo e poder regulatório : uma análise do processo de classificação de substâncias

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, 2016.Esse trabalho tem como objetivo mapear o processo decisório e identificar os atores e fundamentos da produção normativa regulatória no âmbito das políticas públicas sobre drogas, consubstanciadas na edição e atualizações da Portaria SVS/MS nº 344/1998, que define as regras para substâncias de controle especial e substâncias proibidas no Brasil, e complementam o sentido da Lei 11.343/2006. Foi realizada uma análise empírica para elucidar os seguintes pontos: se os atos praticados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária - ANVISA estão adstritos à necessidade de acompanhar as atualizações das listas das convenções internacionais sobre o tema; de quem é a iniciativa do processo de inclusão de substâncias; quais as etapas do processo; se são utilizados instrumentos de participação social, transparência decisória e accountability; quais são as fontes consultadas para subsidiar a decisão e quais os principais motivos relatados nos pareceres técnicos.This work aims to map the decision making process and identify actors and foundations of regulatory normative acts within public policy about drugs, consubstantiated in the edition and updates of Ordinance SVS/MS nº 344/1998, which defines rules to substances under special control and forbidden substances in Brazil, and complement the meaning of Law 11.343/2006. An empirical analysis was made to elucidate the following issues: if the acts of National Agency for Sanitary Vigilance - ANVISA are attached to the actualizations of the lists of the international conventions about the theme; to whom belongs the initiative of the inclusion process of substances; what are the process steps; if social participation, decisional transparency and accountability mechanisms are used; which are the consulted sources to subsidize the decision and which are the main reasons related in the technical reports

It is worth to disarm? The impact of weapons buy-back policy in firearms caused deaths

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto da campanha de entrega de armas (política de buy-back) sobre a incidência de óbitos com armas de fogo no Estado do Paraná. Visto que neste estado esta campanha teve início seis meses antes da campanha nacional, foi possível utilizar o estimador de diferenças em diferenças, em que os municípios paranaenses constituíram o grupo de tratamento e o grupo de controle, formado por municípios das regiões Centro-oeste, Sudeste e Sul do país, foi delimitado com a utilização de técnicas de propensity score matching. Da mesma forma que em outros países que adotaram este tipo de política, não se verificou qualquer impacto sobre a taxa de óbitos com armas de fogo no primeiro semestre de campanha no Estado do Paraná, indicando que políticas de buy-back não contribuíram, pelo menos a curto prazo, para a redução da violência.The aim of this paper is to value the impact of the buy-back program on the incidence of firearms-related deaths in the Paraná State, Brasil. In Paraná, the campaign started six months before the national buy-back program, so it was possible to use differences-in-differences estimators. The treatment group was composed by Paraná’s counties and the control group composed by counties of other states, limited with propensity score matching techniques. Like occurred in other countries that adopted the same kind of campaign, there was no impact on firearms-related deaths. The conclusion is that buy-back programs, at least in the short run, do not contribute to violence reduction

Biofilm Production and In Vitro Susceptibility to Disinfectants of Staphylococcus Coagulase Positive Isolated from Bovine Milk

Background: Mastitis is one of the diseases that cause damage to dairy cattle, and coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CPS), are its main etiological agents. The production of biofilms gives these microorganisms a physiological advantage, being an important virulence factor, as it confers their resistance to the action of disinfectants used in hygiene procedures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of CPS, isolated from milk samples from cases of bovine subclinical mastitis in the Alagoas dairy basin, biofilm production and its sensitivity to disinfectant agents used before and after dipping.Materials, Methods & Results: In the Alagoas Milk Basin Region, 10 properties were selected from the municipalities of Batalha, Cacimbinhas, Major Isidoro and Minador do Negrão, which used a mechanical milking system and supplied milk to a dairy under federal inspection. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed on 1155 cows. The animals diagnosed with subclinical mastitis were classified as: mild (+); moderate (++) and severe (+++). CMT positive samples were collected from 2+, totaling 891 samples. After cleaning the papillary ostium, 2 to 5 mL of milk was collected from each fourth breast before milking began. Subsequently, 0.5 µL of each sample was streak plated by exhaustion on 5% Sheep Blood Agar and incubated at 37°C, with readings at 24 and 48 h. The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the colonies, catalase and coagulase test were evaluated. Biofilm formation was determined by the microplate adhesion test. The efficacy of the sanitizers was evaluated with the active ingredients: lactic acid (2%), allantoin (0.05%), iodine (0.5%), chlorhexidine (2.0%), chlorine (2.5%), at times 15, 30 and 60 seconds. It was observed that 91.2% of the samples were able to form biofilm; Of these, 22.2%, 29.6% and 48.2% were strong, moderate and weak producers, respectively. The sensitivity profile of chlorhexidine isolates was 79.73%, 80.41% and 83.78%; iodine was 59.46%, 65.54% and 66.22% sensitivity over the evaluated time. For allantoin, the isolates presented sensitivity of 22.30%, 27.03% and 37.74%, for lactic acid, 18.92%, 20.95% and 22.30% of the samples were sensitive, and to chlorine, 12.6%, 15.58% and 17.57% of the isolates were sensitive. Moreover, it was observed that the longer the exposure to the disinfectant, the greater the effectiveness of the same.Discussion: The results are in line with literature data. Staphylococcus spp. from milk samples of animals with subclinical mastitis are able to form biofilm, thus being an important virulence factor. The heterogeneity regarding the biofilm production potential of the isolates is due to the different species of Staphylococcus spp. that, through distinct mechanisms, triggers a greater or lesser formation of this virulent factor, as well as having their adhesion tested, end up becoming more strongly attached to the plate. Among the disinfectants tested, it was confirmed that chlorhexidine and iodine are more effective than SCP, which tend to have high levels of sensitivity to these disinfectants. However, although chlorhexidine was more sensitive to SCP, its use in the field should be done with caution, as its effectiveness may be reduced in the presence of chlorinated water or excess organic matter. It is concluded that SCP isolates from bovine milk from subclinical mastitis mammary quarters were able to produce biofilms. These isolates were also in vitro sensitive to chlorhexidine and iodine, but periodic evaluation of the efficacy of disinfectants used before and after milking is necessary

Clinical Epidemiological Profile of Children with Acute Respiratory Insuficiency in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Objective: to know the epidemiological clinical profile of children admitted for acute respiratory failure (ARF) in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Teresina Emergency Hospital (TEH), from 2010 to 2015. Method: a quantitative approach, with a sample of 451 medical records obtained in the electronic system of hospitalization of the patients who were admitted to the Pediatric ICU of the Hospital. After approval by the Ethics Committee of Estácio Ceut Faculty, the study was started. Results: Of the 721 hospitalizations due to ARF in children, 451 (62.6%) required clinical interventions in the ICU. Of these, 59.4% were male, in the age range of one to six years (61.9%), with a diagnosis in the ICD 10 by J96.0. In 99.7% of the cases, hospitalized for a period of more than ten days (72.4%), originating in the interior of Piauí (63.4%), whose discharge occurred by administrative closure (75.6%), followed by deaths, which were 19,3%. Conclusion: Acute Respiratory Insufficiency is a serious problem of global, national and local public health, because it is a morbidity that requires advanced technology for health treatment, with relative mortality. It is reasonable for therapeutic measures to prevent respiratory diseases to be systematically stimulated and implemented by health services to prevent them. KEYWORDS: Infant Mortality; Respiratory Insufficiency; Epidemiology

Tratamento do calázio e novos ensaios clínicos para a oftalmologia: uma revisão integrativa

As lesões inflamatórias mais comuns na pálpebra são conhecidas como calázios, com uma prevalência variando entre 0,2% e 6%, e que ocorre com maior frequência durante a idade adulta, geralmente dos 30 aos 50 anos de idade. O objetivo do presente estudo de revisão é avaliar a eficácia clínica de novos estudos para o tratamento do calázio, documentados por meio de ensaios clínicos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa realizada por meio da base de dados PubMed, que levou em consideração os seguintes critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos; artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos; que possuíam texto completo disponível e que abordassem acerca de novos ensaios clínicos no tratamento do calázio. Ficou constatada a eficácia que a utilização de tratamentos conservadores, incluindo colírios e pomadas contendo antibióticos ou esteroides possuem no tratamento de primeira linha do calázio, além do fato de que oftalmologistas podem usar opções de tratamento invasivo, a exemplo da terapia cirúrgica, como terapia inicial naqueles pacientes que possuem lesões de longa data, em razão da maior refratariedade de tais pacientes aos métodos utilizados no tratamento conservador. Além disso, verificou-se a eficácia que a microblefaroesfoliação possui como método adjuvante e não invasivo no tratamento do calázio, com eficácia de quase 90% dos casos de calázio em comparação com a higiene palpebral realizada isoladamente

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe