Comparison of maternal and fetal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed either by oral glucose tolerance test or diabetes in pregnancy study group India

Background: The optimal strategy for screening and diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is still controversial and elusive. There is possibility of difference in maternal and fetal outcome depending on the diagnostic method used. This study throws light on the efficacy of two screening tests “Oral Glucose Tolerance Test’’ and “Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India” and to know maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy complicated by GDM in Indian setting.Methods: Depending on the diagnostic method used 100 GDM patients were divided in 2 groups: 1. OGTT, 2. DIPSI. Maternal outcomes were measured in terms of pregnancy induced hypertension, polyhydramnios, preterm labour, genital tract injury and methods of termination of pregnancy, gestational age at delivery. Congenital malformation, macrosomia, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinimia, respiratory distress, duration of NICU stay was studied in newborns.Results: 22% of DIPSI group and 26% of OGTT group had PIH as comorbidity. Preterm delivery was noted in 22% of DIPSI group and 30% of OGTT group. 50% patients of both the groups underwent LSCS. No intrapartum complications were seen in 82% of patients. Malformations were noted in 18% of DIPSI group and 14% of OGTT group. In DIPSI group 14% of baby had macrosomia compared to 10% and in that of OGTT group.In neonates, hypoglycaemia, respiratory distress syndrome and hyperbilirubinemia seen in 46.8%, 31% and 42.6% respectively in DIPSI group compared to 50%, 45.5% and 47.7% respectively in OGTT group.Conclusions: No statistically significant difference was noted with respect to maternal and fetal outcomes between the two groups

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

SECURED AND EFFICIENT VIDEO STREAMING FOR SOCIAL NETWORKING A REVIEW

With exponential increment in the viable video streaming in mobile network i.e, the appeal of video activity over portable system, there is an expanding requirement for streamlining the nature of video conveyance along the mobile network. Existing outcome demonstrates the poor administration nature of video spilling over mobile network, for example, long buffering time and hinder will happen in the streaming video in light of restricted bandwidth capacity and connection condition issues. To beat this, it requires productive registering assets, proper systems administration. This paper proposes another versatile video streaming technique utilizing the idea of cloud as a source of perspective. In cloud we utilize client Adaptive Mobile Video Streaming (AMoS) and the User Behavior Oriented Video Pre-Fetching (UBoP). A private operator is made for video circulation process. It alters the spilling and diminishes the movement ut ilizing Scalable Video Coding (SVC). Here, the system space is assuming the part of cloud where recordings can be put away. It offers the social communication between the portable clients. Result demonstrates that the cloud can successfully give the video streaming and video sharing on network

A review of haptics in dental surgery

Dentistry is a professional field, and patients receive dental care in a straightforward way owing to the use of tactile abilities. Haptics act of identifying things through touch. It is an innovation in both medical and dentistry procedures. The current revelations have proposed that haptic and virtual technologies might improve dentistry education outcomes, and scientific data have supported the use of virtual technology in dentistry. With the utilization of haptics, students can acquire skills without putting a strain on resources or labor by obtaining access to an unlimited number of training hours. This review offers a succinct overview of the haptics literature for educating dental students

Unravelling the hidden ethnic fermented treasure of the Himalayas - A review on the traditionally fermented beverages of the Northwest Indian Himalayan Region

Consumption of fermented foods has been an integral part of the human food resource since the beginning of civilization. For generations, the practice of preparing fermented food have remained the same with a very little alterations in the techniques. Throughout the globe people with different ethnicity are known to produce fermented alcoholic beverages using variety of substrates depending upon the abundance and availability of the substrate in the region. Majority of the traditional fermented beverages have socio-cultural values amongst the tribal communities who consumes them, not only these fermented beverages have deep rooted link to rituals but also are consumed for nutritive and therapeutic purpose. These drinks are not only rich in its texture, flavor and nutrition but also fortified with the goodness of probiotic microflora which plays an imperative role in enhancing the overall dietary profile of the drinks. The high-altitude geographical regions of India are well-known for the rich diversity of ethno-medicinal plants, the tribal communities residing on the higher planes utilizes a variety of these ethnomedicinal plants for the preparation of ethnic fermented drinks which in turn augments the therapeutic value of the drinks. The present review exchanges insight on the preparation of some well-recognized drinks of the three regions of the North-West Indian Himalayan region i.e., Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand

A study to evaluate the incidence of VAP and associated prevalent microbial pathogens

Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is common complication in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. The causative organisms of VAP are diverse and many times multidrug resistant. An early, appropriate antibiotic therapy depending on the likely pathogens is a key to VAP management. Aim: The present study aims at finding the incidence of VAP and identifying prevalent microbial pathogens associated with VAP in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Endotracheal aspirates from clinically suspected VAP patients were subjected to microbiological analysis. Isolated pathogens were identified by standard microbiological techniques. Results: A total of 330 patients received mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours with a total of 1490 ventilator days. 78 (23.63%) patients were clinically suspected to have VAP. The rate of VAP was 52.34 cases per 1000 ventilator days. With microbiological analysis, significant pathogens were isolated from 74 patients, with predominance of Gram negative bacteria. The most prevalent organism isolated was Klebsiella species from 29 patients (39.18%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species, Citrobacter species, Proteus species, E. coli and S. aureus in that order. Conclusion: Knowledge of prevalent organisms causing VAP (e.g. Gram negative organisms in our study) is useful to formulate an effective empirical antibiotic policy, to reduce the morbidity, hospital stay and cost of the treatment of these patients

A Prospective Study to Evaluate the Prevalence of Bacterial Profile and its Antibiogram

Background: The bacterial profile and the antibiotic pattern of the wound infections may change from time to time and place to place. Emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance has made the treatment of these wound infections very difficult. Aim: The aim of the study was to identify the prevalent bacterial profile and its antibiogram in our area. Materials and Methods: Pus samples from various sites were collected aseptically from 828 patients and were subjected to isolation and identification of aerobic bacteria by standard technique and subsequently antibiogram was carried out by Kirby-Bauer method. Results: Of the 828 clinical samples, 458 showed growth. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated (37%), followed by Escherichia coli (21%), Klebsiella (17%), Pseudomonas (8%) among others. S. aureus was found to be highly resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, and erythromycin, while being sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin. On the other hand, of the gram-negative bacilli isolated, E. coli was found to be more common, followed by Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Proteus, and Acinetobacter. They were all found to be highly resistant to cephalosporins and fairly sensitive to aminoglycosides and carbapenems. Conclusion: This study shows that in spite of the topographical diversity, the infecting bacterial isolates and their antibiogram from this area are found to be similar to those found in any other part of India

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Fe 3 O 4 /PVA/Eggshell Hybrid Nanocomposite for Photodegradation and Antibacterial Activity

In the 21st century, hybrid nanocomposites were widely used in bioelectronic, biosensing, photocatalytic, and biomedical applications. In the present study, we fabricated a novel Fe3O4/PVA/Eggshell hybrid nanocomposite and physicochemically characterized it using powder XRD, EDS, FTIR, VSM, and HR-TEM analysis. The XRD spectrum revealed the crystalline and FCC configuration of Fe3O4 NPs with average crystal size of 16.28 nm, and the HRTEM image indicates the prepared hybrid nanocomposite is of spherical shape with less agglomeration. This hybrid nanocomposite showed a significant photodegradation property in degrading organic pollutants such as congo red and crystal violet dyes under the sunlight irradiation. In addition, the hybrid nanocomposite also displayed a potent antibacterial property against different Gram +ve and Gram −ve bacterial pathogens. This study provides a significant example in the overview of fabrication of cost effectively, eco-friendly, and multiple-application hybrid nanocomposites through eggshell membrane fibers

Role of microalgae as a sustainable alternative of biopolymers and its application in industries

The escalating accumulation of petroleum-based polymers has depleted resources and raised environmental concerns due to their non-recyclable and non-biodegradable nature. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in bio-based plastics, particularly algal-based biopolymers, which offer recyclability and eco-friendliness. Algae-derived polymers have distinct advantages, such as autotrophic growth reducing greenhouse gas emissions, rapid growth rate, low nutritional requirements, and resilience to harsh environments. Additionally, algae exhibit higher photosynthetic potential (10-20%) compared to terrestrial plants (1%-2%). The range of algal-derived polymers includes alginate, laminarin, fucoidan, carrageenan, agar, ulvan, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and poly-(Hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). However, further efforts are required to implement them on a large scale. This review highlights algae's potential as a raw material for biopolymer production, exploring their characteristics and applications in diverse industries like food and pharmaceuticals