El principio de oportunidad para los menores adolescentes participes del conflicto armado

El principio de oportunidad en Colombia, es una excepción al principio de legalidad. Su consagración se realizó a nivel constitucional con el Acto Legislativo 03 de 2002, donde se le dio la facultad discrecional a la Fiscalía General de la Nación, de que aplicará este principio en los eventos en que estrictamente señala la ley. En atención a esa excepcionalidad de este principio, el legislador optó por la adopción de un principio de oportunidad de carácter reglado, con causales de procedibilidad taxativas, a fin de limitar la discrecionalidad del fiscal en su aplicación. La implementación de este principio, se realiza en aras de racionalizar la acción punitiva del Estado y de contribuir con una política criminal encaminada a priorizar los esfuerzos de la jurisdicción penal en los casos que mayor significado tengan desde el punto de vista jurídico y social. La reglamentación de la procedencia de este principio de oportunidad, fue adoptada por el legislador en el año 2004 con el actual Código de Procedimiento Penal, y reformada en el año 2009, mediante la ley 1312 de 2009, que además de modificar las causales ya existentes, amplia las mismas. A la fecha en Colombia existen dieciséis (16) causales de aplicación del principio de oportunidad, cada una orientada a cumplir con el cometido de priorizar la acción penal. En ese sentido, el legislador previó la aplicación del principio de oportunidad en situaciones donde la conducta penal fuera irrelevante como en los delitos de bagatela, cuando ha habido una indemnización integral a la víctima, cuando existe un menor reproche de culpabilidad, cuando existe la extradición, entre otros eventos, que a juicio del Congreso ameritan que el ente acusador, suspenda, interrumpa o renuncia a la acción penal según sea el caso.The principle of opportunity in Colombia is an exception to the principle of legality. Its consecration was carried out at the constitutional level with the Legislative Act 03 of 2002, where the discretion was presented to the Office of the Attorney General of the Nation, the application of this principle in the events in which the law is strictly indicated. In this case, the legislator opted for the adoption of a principle of the opportunity of regular character, with the causes of taxability, and fiscal discretion in its application. The implementation of this principle is done in order to rationalize the action. The regulation of the operation of this principle of opportunity, was adopted by the legislator in 2004 with the current Code of Criminal Procedure, and the reform in 2009, through law 1312 of 2009, which in addition to modifying the causes that they already exist, they expand them. To date in Colombia there are sixteen (16) causes of the application of the principle of opportunity, each time an orientation is fulfilled with the task of prioritizing criminal action. In this sense, the legislator provided for the application of the principle of opportunity in situations where criminal conduct was irrelevant, such as bagatelle crimes, when there has been full compensation to the victim, when there is less blame, when there is extradition , among other events, that in the judgment of the Congress, which was accused, suspended, interrupted or waived the criminal action as the case may be

Ecological aspects of myxomycete assemblages in two Brazilian Cerrado landscapes

We investigated the ecological aspects of the myxobiota associated with both the mesophilic and gallery forests from a fragment of the Cerrado biome located in the municipality of Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil. Myxomycete assemblages were sampled in pre-established plots and compared using basic ecological calculations (α and β diversity, richness, abundance, similarity, evenness, functional diversity, and substrate ecology). A total of 55 records were obtained, corresponding to 19 species, 10 genera, and eight families. Of these, 37% were exclusive to the gallery forest, 26% to the mesophilic forest, and 37% common in both. No differences were found between species richness and composition between areas, however, the greater abundance and greater number of exclusive species in the gallery forest are suggestive of better conditions and resources for myxomycete communities in this forest formation. Furthermore, species were found to have different functional characteristics between the compared areas, which seemed to show a relationship with forest structure and the complexity of the niches. This is one of the first studies on the ecology of myxomycetes in the Cerrado biome providing relevant preliminary data for further research to be carried out in areas with little monitoring.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ingeniería::Instituto Investigaciones en Ingeniería (INII

Frequency of viral etiology in symptomatic adult upper respiratory tract infections

AbstractAimsTo determine the frequency of viral pathogens causing upper respiratory tract infections in non-hospitalized, symptomatic adults in the city of Rio de Janeiro.MethodsRespiratory samples (nasal/throat swabs) were collected between August 2010 and November 2012 and real time PCR was used to detect different viral pathogens.ResultsViruses were detected in 32.1% (43/134) of samples from 101 patients. Specifically, 9% (12/134) were positive for HBoV, 8.2% (11/134) were positive for HAdV, 5.2% (7/134) were positive for HRV, and 1.5% (2/134) were positive for FLUBV or HMPV, as single infections. HRSV-A, HPIV-3, and HCoV-HKU1 were detected in one (0.75%) sample each. Co-infections were detected in 4.8% (6/134) of the samples. Peaks of viral infections were observed in March, April, May, August, and October. However, positive samples were detected all year round. Only 23.3% (10/43) of the positive samples were collected from patients with febrile illness.ConclusionResults presented in this report suggest that respiratory viral infections are largely under diagnosed in immunocompetent adults. Although the majority of young adult infections are not life-threatening they may impose a significant burden, especially in developing countries since these individuals represent a large fraction of the working force

Author Correction: DNA damage in circulating leukocytes measured with the comet assay may predict the risk of death (Scientific Reports, (2021), 11, 1, (16793), 10.1038/s41598-021-95976-7)

Link to the corrected article: [https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3944

DNA damage in circulating leukocytes measured with the comet assay may predict the risk of death

The comet assay or single cell gel electrophoresis, is the most common method used to measure strand breaks and a variety of other DNA lesions in human populations. To estimate the risk of overall mortality, mortality by cause, and cancer incidence associated to DNA damage, a cohort of 2,403 healthy individuals (25,978 person-years) screened in 16 laboratories using the comet assay between 1996 and 2016 was followed-up. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated a worse overall survival in the medium and high tertile of DNA damage (p < 0.001). The effect of DNA damage on survival was modelled according to Cox proportional hazard regression model. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.42 (1.06–1.90) for overall mortality, and 1.94 (1.04–3.59) for diseases of the circulatory system in subjects with the highest tertile of DNA damage. The findings of this study provide epidemiological evidence encouraging the implementation of the comet assay in preventive strategies for non-communicable diseases.This article has been corrected. Link to the correction: [https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3975

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot

Frequency of viral etiology in symptomatic adult upper respiratory tract infections

Aims: To determine the frequency of viral pathogens causing upper respiratory tract infections in non-hospitalized, symptomatic adults in the city of Rio de Janeiro.Methods:Respiratory samples (nasal/throat swabs) were collected between August 2010 and November 2012 and real time PCR was used to detect different viral pathogens.Results:Viruses were detected in 32.1% (43/134) of samples from 101 patients. Speci&#64257;cally, 9% (12/134) were positive for HBoV, 8.2% (11/134) were positive for HAdV, 5.2% (7/134) were positive for HRV, and 1.5% (2/134) were positive for FLUBV or HMPV, as single infections. HRSV-A, HPIV-3, and HCoV-HKU1 were detected in one (0.75%) sample each. Co-infections were detected in 4.8% (6/134) of the samples. Peaks of viral infections were observed in March, April, May, August, and October. However, positive samples were detected all year round. Only 23.3% (10/43) of the positive samples were collected from patients with febrile illness.Conclusion:Results presented in this report suggest that respiratory viral infections are largely under diagnosed in immunocompetent adults. Although the majority of young adult infections are not life-threatening they may impose a signi&#64257;cant burden, especially in developing countries since these individuals represent a large fraction of the working force

Derivatives of alkyl gallate triphenylphosphonium exhibit antitumor activity in a syngeneic murine model of mammary adenocarcinoma

We previously demonstrated that alkyl gallates coupled to triphenylphosphine have a selective and efficient antiproliferative effect by inducing mitochondria] uncoupling in vitro due to the increased mitochondrial trans membrane potential of tumor cells. Therefore, in this work, the in vivo antitumor activities of alkyl gallate triphenylphosphonium derivatives (TPP+ C-8, TPP+C10 and TPP+ C-12) were evaluated in a syngeneic murine model of breast cancer. We found that TPP+ C-10 increased the cytosolic ADP/ATP ratio and significantly increased the AMP levels in a concentration-dependent manner in TA3/Ha murine mammary adenocarcinoma cells. Interestingly, TPP+ C-10 induced a decrease in the levels of cellular proliferation markers and promoted caspase-3 activation in tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, TPP+ C-10 inhibited tumor growth in the syngeneic mouse model. Importantly, 30 days of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the combination of TPP+ C-10 (10 mg/kg/48 h) and the antibiotic doxycycline (10 mg/kg/24 h) completely eliminated the subcutaneous tumor burden in mice (n = 6), without any relapses at 60 days post-treatment. This enhancement of the individual activities of TPP+C10 and doxycycline is due to the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by TPP+ C-10 and the inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis by doxycycline, as demonstrated by loss of mitochondrial mass and overexpression of PGC1-ct as an adaptive response. Moreover, i.p. administration of TPP+ C-10 (10 mg/kg/24 h) to healthy mice did not produce toxicity or damage in organs important for drug metabolism and excretion, as indicated by hematological, biochemical and histological assessments. These findings suggest that the combination of TPP+ C-10 with doxycycline is a valuable candidate therapy for breast cancer management. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.FONDECYT 1130772 VID ENL022/16 ERANET-LAC ELAC2014/HID328 CONICYT Ph.D. fellowshi