Manejo de la defoliación y fertilización nitrogenada en pasto llorón, Eragrostis curvula, cv. Tanganyka : 1-rendimiento de materia seca, digestibilidad in vitro y rendimiento de materia seca digestible

p.7-14En una pradera de pasto llorón ubicada en Argerich se estudió el efecto de dos tratamientos de defoliación y tres niveles de fertilización nitrogenada durante tres ciclos consecutivos. El forraje se cortó con una frecuencia de 35 cm de altura o acumulado, hasta el 20 de febrero (primavera-verano), y sus rebrotes otoñales se cortaron en invierno (diferido). En primavera-verano el corte a 35 cm, produjo en promedio más materia seca que el acumulado y en el diferido a la inversa. Sus totales anuales fueron similares. La fertilización aumentó los rendimientos promedios parciales y totales (P menor a 0,05). La digestibiüdad primavera-estival fue mayor con cortes a 35 cm que en el acumulado y ambos tratamientos de defoliación respondieron al nitrógeno pero en sus diferidos el efecto fue de pequeña magnitud. Los rendimientos de materia seca digestible siguieron la misma tendencia que los de materia seca aunque, por influencia primavera-estival, en el total anual el corte a 35 cm superó al acumulado (P menor a 0,05). El rebrote primaveral sólo mostró un efecto residual parcial del fertilizante

Towards Oxide Electronics:a Roadmap

At the end of a rush lasting over half a century, in which CMOS technology has been experiencing a constant and breathtaking increase of device speed and density, Moore's law is approaching the insurmountable barrier given by the ultimate atomic nature of matter. A major challenge for 21st century scientists is finding novel strategies, concepts and materials for replacing silicon-based CMOS semiconductor technologies and guaranteeing a continued and steady technological progress in next decades. Among the materials classes candidate to contribute to this momentous challenge, oxide films and heterostructures are a particularly appealing hunting ground. The vastity, intended in pure chemical terms, of this class of compounds, the complexity of their correlated behaviour, and the wealth of functional properties they display, has already made these systems the subject of choice, worldwide, of a strongly networked, dynamic and interdisciplinary research community. Oxide science and technology has been the target of a wide four-year project, named Towards Oxide-Based Electronics (TO-BE), that has been recently running in Europe and has involved as participants several hundred scientists from 29 EU countries. In this review and perspective paper, published as a final deliverable of the TO-BE Action, the opportunities of oxides as future electronic materials for Information and Communication Technologies ICT and Energy are discussed. The paper is organized as a set of contributions, all selected and ordered as individual building blocks of a wider general scheme. After a brief preface by the editors and an introductory contribution, two sections follow. The first is mainly devoted to providing a perspective on the latest theoretical and experimental methods that are employed to investigate oxides and to produce oxide-based films, heterostructures and devices. In the second, all contributions are dedicated to different specific fields of applications of oxide thin films and heterostructures, in sectors as data storage and computing, optics and plasmonics, magnonics, energy conversion and harvesting, and power electronics

Autonomous Configuration of Network Parameters in Operating Systems using Evolutionary Algorithms

By default, the Linux network stack is not configured for highspeed large file transfer. The reason behind this is to save memory resources. It is possible to tune the Linux network stack by increasing the network buffers size for high-speed networks that connect server systems in order to handle more network packets. However, there are also several other TCP/IP parameters that can be tuned in an Operating System (OS). In this paper, we leverage Genetic Algorithms (GAs) to devise a system which learns from the history of the network traffic and uses this knowledge to optimize the current performance by adjusting the parameters. This can be done for a standard Linux kernel using sysctl or /proc. For a Virtual Machine (VM), virtually any type of OS can be installed and an image can swiftly be compiled and deployed. By being a sandboxed environment, risky configurations can be tested without the danger of harming the system. Different scenarios for network parameter configurations are thoroughly tested, and an increase of up to 65% throughput speed is achieved compared to the default Linux configuration.Comment: ACM RACS 201

Parental origin of chromosomes influences crossover activity within the Kcnq1 transcriptionally imprinted domain of Mus musculus

BACKGROUND: Among the three functions of DNA, mammalian replication and transcription can be subject to epigenetic imprinting specified by the parental origin of chromosomes, and although there is suggestive indication that this is also true for meiotic recombination, no definitive evidence has yet been reported. RESULTS: We have now obtained such evidence on mouse chromosome 7 by assaying meiotic recombination as it occurs in reciprocal F1 mice. A 166 kb region near the Kcnq1 transcriptionally imprinted domain showed significantly higher recombination activity in the CAST x B6 parental direction (p \u3c 0.03). Characterizing hotspots within this domain revealed a cluster of three hotspots lying within a 100 kb span, among these hotspots, Slc22a18 showed a definitive parent of origin effect on recombination frequency (p \u3c 0.02). Comparing recombination activity in the mouse Kcnq1 and neighboring H19-Igf2 imprinted domains with their human counterparts, we found that elevated recombination activity in these domains is a consequence of their chromosomal position relative to the telomere and not an intrinsic characteristic of transcriptionally imprinted domains as has been previously suggested. CONCLUSION: Similar to replication and transcription, we demonstrate that meiotic recombination can be subjected to epigenetic imprinting and hotspot activity can be influenced by the parental origin of chromosomes. Furthermore, transcriptionally imprinted regions exhibiting elevated recombination activity are likely a consequence of their chromosomal location rather than their transcriptional characteristic

Sexual (Dis)satisfaction and Its Contributors Among People Living with HIV Infection in Sweden

Earlier research reports lower sexual satisfaction among people living with HIV (PLHIV) compared to HIV-negative persons. A number of psychosocial factors directly associated with sexual dissatisfaction have been identified. Little is known about sexual satisfaction and their contributors among PLHIV in Sweden. The aim of this study was to examine direct and indirect effects of variables within sociodemographic, clinical HIV-related, psychological, and sexual domains on sexual(dis)satisfaction among PLHIV in Sweden. Data for this study was derived from a national representative, anonymous survey among PLHIV conducted in 2014 (n=1096). Statistical analysis included four steps: descriptive analyses, identification of variables associated with sexual (dis)satisfaction, identification of variables associated with those contributors of sexual (dis)satisfaction, and a path model integrating all these analyses. A total of 49% of participants reported being sexually dissatisfied and no significant differences were observed when non-heterosexual men, heterosexual men and women were compared. Among women, a negative change in sex life after HIV diagnosis and distress with orgasmic difficulties were directly associated with sexual dissatisfaction. For men, hopelessness, high HIV stigma, sexual inactivity in the last 6 months, and a negative change in sex life after HIV diagnosis were directly associated with sexual dissatisfaction. Path analyses showed in both men and women significant indirect association between not being involved in an intimate relationship, lower self-reported CD4 cell counts, and perceiving obligation to disclose HIV status to sexual partners as a barrier to look for a long-term partner and sexual dissatisfaction. Our results show that despite good treatment outcomes, the HIV diagnosis has a negative bearing on sexual satisfaction. The need for gender-tailored interventions and clinical implications of these findings are discussed

Development of a candidate reference material for adventitious virus detection in vaccine and biologicals manufacturing by deep sequencing.

Unbiased deep sequencing offers the potential for improved adventitious virus screening in vaccines and biotherapeutics. Successful implementation of such assays will require appropriate control materials to confirm assay performance and sensitivity. A common reference material containing 25 target viruses was produced and 16 laboratories were invited to process it using their preferred adventitious virus detection assay. Fifteen laboratories returned results, obtained using a wide range of wet-lab and informatics methods. Six of 25 target viruses were detected by all laboratories, with the remaining viruses detected by 4-14 laboratories. Six non-target viruses were detected by three or more laboratories. The study demonstrated that a wide range of methods are currently used for adventitious virus detection screening in biological products by deep sequencing and that they can yield significantly different results. This underscores the need for common reference materials to ensure satisfactory assay performance and enable comparisons between laboratories

The Recombinational Anatomy of a Mouse Chromosome

Among mammals, genetic recombination occurs at highly delimited sites known as recombination hotspots. They are typically 1–2 kb long and vary as much as a 1,000-fold or more in recombination activity. Although much is known about the molecular details of the recombination process itself, the factors determining the location and relative activity of hotspots are poorly understood. To further our understanding, we have collected and mapped the locations of 5,472 crossover events along mouse Chromosome 1 arising in 6,028 meioses of male and female reciprocal F1 hybrids of C57BL/6J and CAST/EiJ mice. Crossovers were mapped to a minimum resolution of 225 kb, and those in the telomere-proximal 24.7 Mb were further mapped to resolve individual hotspots. Recombination rates were evolutionarily conserved on a regional scale, but not at the local level. There was a clear negative-exponential relationship between the relative activity and abundance of hotspot activity classes, such that a small number of the most active hotspots account for the majority of recombination. Females had 1.2× higher overall recombination than males did, although the sex ratio showed considerable regional variation. Locally, entirely sex-specific hotspots were rare. The initiation of recombination at the most active hotspot was regulated independently on the two parental chromatids, and analysis of reciprocal crosses indicated that parental imprinting has subtle effects on recombination rates. It appears that the regulation of mammalian recombination is a complex, dynamic process involving multiple factors reflecting species, sex, individual variation within species, and the properties of individual hotspots

The effect of artificial diffusivity on the flute instability

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Recent FRC translation experiments on FRX-C/T

Since the last CT Symposium, several accomplishments have been realized from the FRC translation studies on the FRX-C/T device: (1) FRCs have been launched into, and trapped in, a dc magnetic guide field region without the use of any pulsed ''gate'' coils; (2) detailed studies of translation dynamics have been performed which are consistent with energy conservation, adiabatic compression theory, and 2-D MHD simulations; (3) the confinement properties of translated FRC has been evaluated; (4) translation through either puff or static deuterium gas fill has been demonstrated; (5) higher density (n less than or equal to 4 x 10/sup 15/ cm/sup -3/) FRCs have been translated over 10-m lengths; (6) the n = 2 rotational instability has been stabilized by FRC translation into a weak helical quadrupole field