PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN DRAINASE VERTIKAL KERIKIL TERHADAP PENURUNAN TANAH DAN MODEL RUMAH AKIBAT LIKUIFAKSI

Liquefaction that occurred in Palu on September 28, 2018 shows that housing is the most damaged construction. Therefore, research for liquefaction mitigation devoted to residential residents becomes very necessary to be carried out, especially with simple and inexpensive mitigation methods, so that it can be affordable to most people. The selection of hollowed wood sticks as a strengthening material in this mitigation is expected to increase soil density and reduce the decrease that occurs due to liquefaction and holes made is a drainage system where at the time the pressure of pore water rises at the time of water doubling can flow in the holes that are still made or the ability of a soil in escaping water.  The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the use of reinforcing logs that are perforated against soil deformation on a 1-layer variation, a 2-layer variation and a new home strengthening variation. From  experimental testing obtained the percentage of effectiveness of the use of logs perforated as strengthening on several variations  are as follows: For the variation of strengthening 1 layer (old house) by 13.92%, the variation of strengthening 2 layers (old house) by 26.58% and for the variation of new home strengthening as much as 54.94%

Parameters of Compressive Strength of PCC Consequence Concrete the Difference in Curing Time and Specimen Shape

The strength of concrete is determined by its compressive strength. SNI 2847-2013 has determined that the compressive strength of concrete is obtained by using a cylindrical specimen with a diameter of 15 and a height of 30 cm (C.15) or a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 20 cm (C.10) at 28 days of age. The problem commonly encountered in the field is how to estimate the acceptable compressive strength of concrete if it has not reached the age of 28 days and with specimens that do not meet the standards set out in SNI. This study aims to obtain a correction factor for the age and shape of the test object when using a cube measuring 15x15x15 cm (K.15) and not yet reaching the age of 28 days using Portland Composite Cement (PCC). Concrete is cast using 4 forms of mold namely K15, K20, C10, and C15. Then cured until the age of 7, 14, and 28 days. At each immersion age, the compressive strength of the concrete was tested for each of the 3 specimens. The results showed that the average age factor was 0.59, 0.81, and 1 at 7, 14, and 28 days of age. While the form factor of the test object against the standard K15 form shows a value of 0.950 for K20, 1.028 for C10, and 0.813 for the C15 test objec

HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE USING FLY ASH A CEMENT AND FINE AGGREGATE

At the moment, the cost of concrete is quickly increasing as the cost of cement and aggregates continues to rise. As a result, a replacement for fine aggregate as well as a substitute for cement is required to decrease the cost of concrete production. In general, concrete is composed of cement as a base material that is workable and satisfies specified performance, durability, and strength criteria, aggregate, and water. In the field of engineering constructions, reinforced high-strength concrete has a significant impact on development. Apart from its exceptional strength, this kind of concrete must exhibit workability, minimal shrinkage, release characteristics, and self-compaction. The authors of this research performed a literature review to explore high-quality concrete made using fly ash as a replacement for cement and fine particles. Fly Ash is a waste product or byproduct of the coal-fired power plant's combustion process. Fresh concrete made using fly ash as cement and fine aggregate has an average slump value of 90-200 mm. The compressive strength of concrete made with fly ash ranges between 35 and 60 MPa after a 28-day curing period. The optimal percentage of fly ash in high-strength concrete is between 10% and 30%

POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA PENYULINGAN MINYAK CENGKEH DI DESA BATU KECAMATAN PITUMPANUA KABUPATEN WAJO

POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA PENYULINGAN MINYAK CENGKEH DI DESABATU KECAMATAN PITUMPANUA KABUPATEN WAJ

Analisis penerimaan pajak bumi dan bangunan-P2 serta pengaruhnya terhadap pendapatan daerah Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jambi

This study aims to analyze the determinants of PBB-P2 revenue, to determine the effect of PBB-P2 revenue on regional revenue and to formulate strategies for increasing PBB-P2 revenue in Jambi Province. The data used in this study is secondary data with the type of Time series 2014-2018 data and Cross Section 11 districts/cities that come from the Central Statistics Agency and Regency / City BPPRD. This study uses Panel Data Regression Analysis and uses Simple Linear Regression using the E-Views 8.0 tool. The results of this study indicate that PBB-P2 always increases every year. From the results of panel data regression analysis, the results show that investment, economic growth, and taxpayers together have a significant effect on PBB-P2 with an R square value of 0.924, the Prob value (F- statistic) 0,000 and the F-statistic value is 26,556. The effect of investment on PBB-P2 has a positive effect, which means that if investment increases, PBB-P2 will also experience an increase. Economic growth and taxpayers will have a negative effect on PBB-P2 which means that the increase in PBB-P2 will decrease the economic growth and taxpayers.This study aims to analyze the determinants of PBB-P2 revenue, to determine the effect of PBB-P2 revenue on regional revenue and to formulate strategies for increasing PBB-P2 revenue in Jambi Province. The data used in this study is secondary data with the type of Time series 2014-2018 data and Cross Section 11 districts/cities that come from the Central Statistics Agency and Regency / City BPPRD. This study uses Panel Data Regression Analysis and uses Simple Linear Regression using the E-Views 8.0 tool. The results of this study indicate that PBB-P2 always increases every year. From the results of panel data regression analysis, the results show that investment, economic growth, and taxpayers together have a significant effect on PBB-P2 with an R square value of 0.924, the Prob value (F- statistic) 0,000 and the F-statistic value is 26,556. The effect of investment on PBB-P2 has a positive effect, which means that if investment increases, PBB-P2 will also experience an increase. Economic growth and taxpayers will have a negative effect on PBB-P2 which means that the increase in PBB-P2 will decrease the economic growth and taxpayers

Examining Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as Artificial Coarse Aggregates in Concrete

This study aims to examine the effect of recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) artificial aggregate as a substitute for coarse aggregate on the compressive strength and flexural strength, and the volume weight of the concrete. PET plastic waste is recycled by heating to a boiling point of approximately 300°C. There are five variations of concrete mixtures, defined the percentage of PET artificial aggregate to the total coarse aggregate, by 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Tests carried out on fresh concrete mixtures are slump, bleeding, and segregation tests. Compressive and flexural strength tests proceeded based on ASTM 39/C39M-99 and ASTM C293-79 standards at the age of 28 days. The results showed that the use of PET artificial aggregate could improve the workability of the concrete mixture. The effect of PET artificial aggregate as a substitute for coarse aggregate on the compressive and flexural strength of concrete is considered very significant. The higher the percentage of PET plastic artificial aggregate, the lower the compressive and flexural strength, and the volume weight, of the concrete. Substitution of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of PET artificial aggregate gave decreases in compressive strength of 30.06, 32.39, 41.73 and 44.06% of the compressive strength of the standard concrete (18.20 MPa), respectively. The reductions in flexural strength were by respectively 19.03, 54.50, 53.95 and 61.00% of the standard concrete's flexural strength (3.59 MPa). The reductions in volume weight of concrete were by respectively 8.45, 17.71, 25.07 and 34.60% of the weight of the standard concrete volume of 2335.4 kg/m3 Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091626 Full Text: PD

Application of yeasts isolated from fermented cocoa beans for biocontrol of pathogenic mold in chocolate fruit

Contamination by pathogenic mold in postharvest cocoa beans becomes a significant concern by most Indonesian farmers. Pathogenic mold can cause damage to cocoa beans by such as rotting diseases in fruit. One alternative that can be used to control pathogenic mold is using biological agents such as yeasts. Some group of yeasts can produce cellulase enzyme that can degrade cellulose, and it can possibly break the cell wall with of mold which composed of semi-crystalline chitin, p-need, and cellulose. This study aims to determine the yeast originated from fermented cocoa beans which can produce cellulase enzymes and their potential ability as a biocontrol for pathogenic molds in chocolate fruit. This study includes yeast isolation from fermented beans, screening of yeast isolates that produce cellulase enzymes, and in-vitro antagonistic testing against pathogenic molds on chocolate fruit. The results showed that there were 21 yeast isolates from fermented cocoa beans, and among all, there were five isolates which can produce cellulase enzymes, namely isolate C4.-3.3, C4.-3.13, C4.-4.9, C4.-4.10, and C4.-5.9. Yeast isolate C4.-4.10 can produce cellulase enzymes with an index of 0.32 U/mL. This research showed that the 5 yeast isolates have the low category of cellulase enzyme, and further study is needed to be done to confirm their ability to act as a biocontrol agent

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe