The status of the California Barracuda resource and its management

The California barracuda, Sphyraena argentea, has been fished commercially for over 70 years. Peak landings were made during the early 1920's and have since declined to an incidental level. The present interest in barracuda centers around its desirability as a game species. Recent estimates of barracuda abundance indicate the population is at a low level and in need of increased management efforts. (21pp.

Pre-cruise report 72-KB-19: Big game fisheries investigations

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Southern California partyboat sampling study Quarterly Report no. 1

Estimates of the total yearly catch from the partyboat fishery have been collected and published on a routine basis since 1935. Important data relating to the size and age composition of this segment of the marine sportfishery have been lacking. As a consequence, a southern California partyboat sampling study was initiated on April 1, 1975. The main objective of this sampling is to identify and measure all fishes taken by sportsmen on partyboats with primary emphasis given to California barracuda, Sphyraena argentea; yellowtail, Seriola dorsalis; white seabass, Cynoscion nobilis; and rockfishes, Sebastes spp. (22pp.

Southern California partyboat sampling study Quarterly Report No. 4

From 1 April through 30 June, 1976, Department personnel made 146 trips aboard southern California partyboats. A total of 18,218 fishes from 76 species was identified and measured. Otoliths were removed from 674 rockfish carcasses for use in age determination studies. The 10 most common species sampled during this quarter represented 85.2% of the total number of fishes measured. These were, in order of importance: bocaccio, Sebastes paucispinis; kelp bass, Paralabrax clathratus; Pacific bonito, Sarda chiliensis; barred sand bass, Paralabrax nebulifer; chilipepper, Sebastes goodei; California barracuda, Sphyraena argentea; olive rockfish; Sebastes serranoides; white croaker, Genyonemus lineatus; ocean whitefish, Caulolatilus princeps; and vermilion rockfish, Sebastes miniatus. Pacific bonito and California barracuda partyboat landings exceeded those of the entire 1975 season, and sampling data indicate the average length of barracuda caught from partyboats was significantly larger than that of the previous season. (15pp.

Southern California partyboat sampling study Quarterly Report no. 3

During the period January 1 to March 31, 1976, Department personnel made 139 sampling trips aboard southern California partyboats. A total of 22,122 fishes from 73 species was identified and measured. Otoliths were removed from 1,536 rockfish carcasses representing 31 species for use in age determination. Sampling personnel tagged and released 68 California barracuda, Sphyraena argentea, and 18 sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria. The five most common species sampled during this period represented approximately 79% of the total number of fishes measured. These were, in order of importance; bocaccio, Sebastes paucispinis; chilipepper, Sebastes goodei; olive rockfish, Sebastes serranoides; greenspotted rockfish, Sebastes chlorostictus; and vermilion rockfish, Sebastes miniatus. Bocaccio alone accounted for 52% of the sampled catch. (15pp.

Southern California partyboat sampling study Quarterly Report no. 8

Between April 1 and June 30, 1977, 125 trips were sampled aboard southern California partyboats by Department personnel. A total of 14,842 fishes belonging to 72 species was identified and measured. Otoliths were removed from 134 rockfish carcasses representing 20 species for age deterination studies. The 10 most common species sampled during the quarter accounted for 76.9% of the catch. Individually, the most common were Pacific mackerel, Scomber japonicus (16.9%); kelp bass, Paralabrax clathratus (14.5%); bocaccio, Sebastes paucispinis (11.4%); Pacific bonito, Sarda chiliensis (10.3%); barred sand bass, Paralabrax nebulifer (5.6%); olive rockfish, Sebastes serranoides (5.3%); chilipepper, S. goodei (4.0%); California barracuda, Sphyraena argentea (2.9%); and ocean whitefish, Caulolatilus princeps (2.8%). Fishing effort switched from "rockcod" to surface activity as it did during the second quarter of 1976 (26pp.

Southern California partyboat sampling study Quarterly Report no. 7

From January 1 through March 31, 1977, Department personnel made 100 sampling trips aboard southern California partyboats. A total of 16,400 fishes from 68 species was identified and measured. Otoliths, for age determination studies, were removed from 301 rockfish carcasses representing 23 species. The 10 most common species sampled during this quarter were bocaccio, Sebastes paucispinis (38.5%); chilipepper, S. goodei (9.8%); widow rockfish, S. entomelas (7.7%); blue rockfish, S. mystinus (6.2%); olive rockfish, S. serranoides (4.2%); Pacific mackerel, Scomber japonicus (2.8%); vermilion rockfish, Sebastes miniatus (2.7%); speckled rockfish, S. ovalis (2.7%); greenspotted rockfish, S. chlorostictus (2.5%); and squarespot rockfish, S. hopkinsi (2.4%). Fishing effort during this quarter was directed almost exclusively toward "rockcod", as it was for the same period in 1976. (23pp.

An evaluation of the California barracuda resource and its management

Despite efforts to manage it, the California barracuda, Sphyraena argentea, resource has exhibited a marked decline in abundance from levels exhibited prior to 1950. This paper presents a history of the California barracuda fisheries, a summary of its life history and population dynamics; and an evaluation of the resource under current management practices and recommendations for improvements in current management. Evaluation of the current status of the resource indicates its abundance off southern California is low but slowly improving with a marked improvement in size composition. Management recommendations, when adopted, should help increase the rate of recovery of the California barracuda resource. (73pp.

Instances and connectors : issues for a second generation process language

This work is supported by UK EPSRC grants GR/L34433 and GR/L32699Over the past decade a variety of process languages have been defined, used and evaluated. It is now possible to consider second generation languages based on this experience. Rather than develop a second generation wish list this position paper explores two issues: instances and connectors. Instances relate to the relationship between a process model as a description and the, possibly multiple, enacting instances which are created from it. Connectors refers to the issue of concurrency control and achieving a higher level of abstraction in how parts of a model interact. We believe that these issues are key to developing systems which can effectively support business processes, and that they have not received sufficient attention within the process modelling community. Through exploring these issues we also illustrate our approach to designing a second generation process language.Postprin

Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Infection Using Prospective Cohort Data from the D:A:D Study

Ristola M. on työryhmien DAD Study Grp ; Royal Free Hosp Clin Cohort ; INSIGHT Study Grp ; SMART Study Grp ; ESPRIT Study Grp jäsen.Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue for HIV-positive individuals, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Development and implementation of a risk score model for CKD would allow comparison of the risks and benefits of adding potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals to a treatment regimen and would identify those at greatest risk of CKD. The aims of this study were to develop a simple, externally validated, and widely applicable long-term risk score model for CKD in HIV-positive individuals that can guide decision making in clinical practice. Methods and Findings A total of 17,954 HIV-positive individuals from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study with >= 3 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values after 1 January 2004 were included. Baseline was defined as the first eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 after 1 January 2004; individuals with exposure to tenofovir, atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, other boosted protease inhibitors before baseline were excluded. CKD was defined as confirmed (>3 mo apart) eGFR In the D:A:D study, 641 individuals developed CKD during 103,185 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; incidence 6.2/1,000 PYFU, 95% CI 5.7-6.7; median follow-up 6.1 y, range 0.3-9.1 y). Older age, intravenous drug use, hepatitis C coinfection, lower baseline eGFR, female gender, lower CD4 count nadir, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) predicted CKD. The adjusted incidence rate ratios of these nine categorical variables were scaled and summed to create the risk score. The median risk score at baseline was -2 (interquartile range -4 to 2). There was a 1: 393 chance of developing CKD in the next 5 y in the low risk group (risk score = 5, 505 events), respectively. Number needed to harm (NNTH) at 5 y when starting unboosted atazanavir or lopinavir/ritonavir among those with a low risk score was 1,702 (95% CI 1,166-3,367); NNTH was 202 (95% CI 159-278) and 21 (95% CI 19-23), respectively, for those with a medium and high risk score. NNTH was 739 (95% CI 506-1462), 88 (95% CI 69-121), and 9 (95% CI 8-10) for those with a low, medium, and high risk score, respectively, starting tenofovir, atazanavir/ritonavir, or another boosted protease inhibitor. The Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort included 2,548 individuals, of whom 94 individuals developed CKD (3.7%) during 18,376 PYFU (median follow-up 7.4 y, range 0.3-12.7 y). Of 2,013 individuals included from the SMART/ESPRIT control arms, 32 individuals developed CKD (1.6%) during 8,452 PYFU (median follow-up 4.1 y, range 0.6-8.1 y). External validation showed that the risk score predicted well in these cohorts. Limitations of this study included limited data on race and no information on proteinuria. Conclusions Both traditional and HIV-related risk factors were predictive of CKD. These factors were used to develop a risk score for CKD in HIV infection, externally validated, that has direct clinical relevance for patients and clinicians to weigh the benefits of certain antiretrovirals against the risk of CKD and to identify those at greatest risk of CKD.Peer reviewe