151 research outputs found
A High-Density Linkage Map of the Ancestral Diploid Strawberry, Fragaria iinumae, Constructed with Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers from the IStraw90 Array and Genotyping by Sequencing
Fragaria iinumae Makino is recognized as an ancestor of the octoploid strawberry species, which includes the cultivated strawberry, Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier. Here we report the construction of the first high-density linkage map for F. iinumae. The F. iinumae linkage map (Fii map) is based on two high-throughput techniques of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping: the IStraw90 Array (hereafter “Array”), and genotyping by sequencing (GBS). The F2 generation mapping population was derived by selfing F. iinumae hybrid F1D, the product of a cross between two divergent F. iinumae accessions collected from Hokkaido, Japan. The Fii map consists of seven linkage groups (LGs) and has an overall length of 451.7 cM as defined by 496 loci populated by 4173 markers: 3280 from the Array and 893 from GBS. Comparisons with two versions of the Fragaria vesca ssp. vesca L. ‘Hawaii 4’ pseudo-chromosome (PC) assemblies reveal substantial conservation of synteny and colinearity, yet identified differences that point to possible genomic divergences between F. iinumae and F. vesca, and/or to F. vesca genomic assembly errors. The Fii map provides a basis for anchoring a F. iinumae genome assembly as a prerequisite for constructing a second diploid reference genome for Fragaria
Inter-comparison of Radio-Loudness Criteria for Type 1 AGNs in the XMM-COSMOS Survey
Limited studies have been performed on the radio-loud fraction in X-ray
selected type 1 AGN samples. The consistency between various radio-loudness
definitions also needs to be checked. We measure the radio-loudness of the 407
type 1 AGNs in the XMM-COSMOS quasar sample using nine criteria from the
literature (six defined in the rest-frame and three defined in the observed
frame): , ,
, ,
, ,
(observed frame),
(observed frame), and (observed frame). Using any single criterion
defined in the rest-frame, we find a low radio-loud fraction of
in the XMM-COSMOS type 1 AGN sample, except for . Requiring that any
two criteria agree reduces the radio-loud fraction to for about
3/4 of the cases. The low radio-loud fraction cannot be simply explained by the
contribution of the host galaxy luminosity and reddening. The
gives the smallest radio-loud fraction. Two
of the three radio-loud fractions from the criteria defined in the observed
frame without k-correction ( and ) are much larger than
the radio-loud fractions from other criteria.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS submitte
Smoking in film in New Zealand: measuring risk exposure
BACKGROUND: Smoking in film is a risk factor for smoking uptake in adolescence. This study aimed to quantify exposure to smoking in film received by New Zealand audiences, and evaluate potential interventions to reduce the quantity and impact of this exposure. METHODS: The ten highest-grossing films in New Zealand for 2003 were each analysed independently by two viewers for smoking, smoking references and related imagery. Potential interventions were explored by reviewing relevant New Zealand legislation, and scientific literature. RESULTS: Seven of the ten films contained at least one tobacco reference, similar to larger film samples. The majority of the 38 tobacco references involved characters smoking, most of whom were male. Smoking was associated with positive character traits, notably rebellion (which may appeal to adolescents). There appeared to be a low threshold for including smoking in film. Legislative or censorship approaches to smoking in film are currently unlikely to succeed. Anti-smoking advertising before films has promise, but experimental research is required to demonstrate cost effectiveness. CONCLUSION: Smoking in film warrants concern from public health advocates. In New Zealand, pre-film anti-smoking advertising appears to be the most promising immediate policy response
The Rise and Fall of Passive Disk Galaxies: Morphological Evolution Along the Red Sequence Revealed by COSMOS
The increasing abundance of passive "red-sequence" galaxies since z=1-2 is
mirrored by a coincident rise in the number of galaxies with spheroidal
morphologies. In this paper, however, we show that in detail the correspondence
between galaxy morphology and color is not perfect, providing insight into the
physical origin of this evolution. Using the COSMOS survey, we study a
significant population of red sequence galaxies with disk-like morphologies.
These passive disks typically have Sa-Sb morphological types with large bulges,
but they are not confined to dense environments. They represent nearly one-half
of all red-sequence galaxies and dominate at lower masses (log Mstar < 10)
where they are increasingly disk-dominated. As a function of time, the
abundance of passive disks with log Mstar < 11 increases, but not as fast as
red-sequence spheroidals in the same mass range. At higher mass, the passive
disk population has declined since z~1, likely because they transform into
spheroidals. We estimate that as much as 60% of galaxies transitioning onto the
red sequence evolve through a passive disk phase. The origin of passive disks
therefore has broad implications for understanding how star formation shuts
down. Because passive disks tend to be more bulge-dominated than their
star-forming counterparts, a simple fading of blue disks does not fully explain
their origin. We explore several more sophisticated explanations, including
environmental effects, internal stabilization, and disk regrowth during
gas-rich mergers. While previous work has sought to explain color and
morphological transformations with a single process, these observations open
the way to new insight by highlighting the fact that galaxy evolution may
actually proceed through several separate stages.Comment: 16 pages, Accepted version to appear in Ap
The Morphology of Galaxies in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey
We study the morphology of luminous and massive galaxies at 0.3<z<0.7
targeted in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) using publicly
available Hubble Space Telescope imaging from COSMOS. Our sample (240 objects)
provides a unique opportunity to check the visual morphology of these galaxies
which were targeted based solely on stellar population modelling. We find that
the majority (74+/-6%) possess an early-type morphology (elliptical or S0),
while the remainder have a late-type morphology. This is as expected from the
goals of the BOSS target selection which aimed to predominantly select slowly
evolving galaxies, for use as cosmological probes, while still obtaining a fair
fraction of actively star forming galaxies for galaxy evolution studies. We
show that a colour cut of (g-i)>2.35 selects a sub-sample of BOSS galaxies with
90% early-type morphology - more comparable to the earlier Luminous Red Galaxy
(LRG) samples of SDSS-I/II. The remaining 10% of galaxies above this cut have a
late-type morphology and may be analogous to the "passive spirals" found at
lower redshift. We find that 23+/-4% of the early-type galaxies are unresolved
multiple systems in the SDSS imaging. We estimate that at least 50% of these
are real associations (not projection effects) and may represent a significant
"dry merger" fraction. We study the SDSS pipeline sizes of BOSS galaxies which
we find to be systematically larger (by 40%) than those measured from HST
images, and provide a statistical correction for the difference. These details
of the BOSS galaxies will help users of the data fine-tune their selection
criteria, dependent on their science applications. For example, the main goal
of BOSS is to measure the cosmic distance scale and expansion rate of the
Universe to percent-level precision - a point where systematic effects due to
the details of target selection may become important.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures; v2 as accepted by MNRA
A Strawberry KNOX Gene Regulates Leaf, Flower and Meristem Architecture
The KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN (KNOX) genes play a central role in maintenance of the shoot apical meristem. They also contribute to the morphology of simple and compound leaves. In this report we characterize the FaKNOX1 gene from strawberry (Fragaria spp.) and demonstrate its function in trasgenic plants. The FaKNOX1 cDNA was isolated from a cultivated strawberry (F.×ananassa) flower EST library. The sequence is most similar to Class I KNOX genes, and was mapped to linkage group VI of the diploid strawberry genome. Unlike most KNOX genes studied, steady-state transcript levels were highest in flowers and fruits. Transcripts were also detected in emerging leaf primordia and the apical dome. Transgenic strawberry plants suppressing or overexpressing FaKNOX1 exhibited conspicuous changes in plant form. The FaKNOX1 RNAi plants presented a dwarfed phenotype with deeply serrated leaflets and exaggerated petiolules. They also exhibited a high level of cellular disorganization of the shoot apical meristem and leaves. Overexpression of FaKNOX1 caused dwarfed stature with wrinkled leaves. These gain- and loss-of-function assays in strawberry functionally demonstrate the contributions of a KNOX domain protein in a rosaceous species
Gain of MYC underlies recurrent trisomy of the MYC chromosome in acute promyelocytic leukemia
The leukemogenic effects of Myc drive recurrent trisomy in a mouse model of acute myeloid leukemia
Job Resources and Matching Active Coping Styles as Moderators of the Longitudinal Relation Between Job Demands and Job Strain
Background: Only in a few longitudinal studies it has been examined whether job resources should be matched to job demands to show stress-buffering effects of job resources (matching hypothesis), while there are no empirical studies in which the moderating effect of matching personal characteristics on the stress-buffering effect of job resources has been examined. Purpose: In this study, both the matching hypothesis and the moderating effect of matching active coping styles were examined with respect to the longitudinal relation between job demands, job resources, and job strain.Method: The study group consisted of 317 beginning teachers from Belgium. The two-wave survey data with a 1-year time lag were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling and multiple group analyses. Results: Data did not support the matching hypothesis. In addition, no support was found for the moderating effect of specific active coping styles, irrespective of the level of match. Conclusion: To show stress-buffering effects of job resources, it seems to make no difference whether or not specific types of job demands and job resources are matched, and whether or not individual differences in specific active coping styles are taken into account
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