Antiplatelet, Antithrombotic, and Fibrinolytic Activities of Campomanesia xanthocarpa

In a previous work based on popular belief, Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg., popularly known as “guavirova”, showed to have a potential effect in the control of a number of conditions associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of C. xanthocarpa extract (CXE) on antiplatelet, antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activities in mice and in human blood. Mice were treated orally for 5 days with CXE or acetylsalicylic acid and at the end of the treatment period animals were challenged for bleeding, acute thromboembolism and ulcerogenic activity. In addition, we have assessed the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) after oral administration. In in vitro assays, antiplatelet effects of CXE was evaluated on platelet aggregation, and fibrinolytic activity of the extract was observed by mice or human artificial blood clot degradation. Platelet citotoxicity of the extract was also determined by the LDH assay. Results demonstrated that CXE has a significant protective effect on thrombosis. It also inhibits platelet aggregation without demonstrating cytotoxicity on platelets. CXE slightly prolonged aPTT and showed no ulcerogenic activity after oral administration. In addition, CXE showed a fibrinolytic activity. Thus, C. xanthocarpa showed antiplatelet, antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activities in mice

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Measurement of associated W plus charm production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Peer reviewe

Análise dos mecanismos de ação antinociceptiva de princípios ativos isolados de plantas

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Pós-Graduação em FarmacologiaEstudo do efeito [antinociceptivo] da [geranina], [furosina], [quercetina], [rutina] e do [galato de etila] isolados das plantas do gênero [Phyllanthus] e do alcalóide [cloridrato de cis-8,10-Di-N-propillobelidiol dihidratado] (DPHD) isolado da [Siphocampylus verticillatus], administrados via [sistêmica (i.p. e oral)], [espinhal (i.t.)] e [supraespinhal (i.c.v.)] em vários modelos de [nocicepção] [química] e [térmica] em [camundongos]. A geranina, a furosina, a quercetina, a rutina, o galato de etila e o DPHD, administrados por via [i.p.] ou [oral], foram capazes de reduzir significativamente a nocicepção causada pelo [ácido acético] em camundongos. Além disso, esses compostos administrados por via sistêmica, espinhal e supraespinhal também foram efetivos em reduzir a nocicepção [neurogênica] (primeira fase) e [inflamatória] (segunda fase) induzida pela [formalina] e a dor neurogênica causada pela [capsaicina]. O galato de etila e o DPHD, ao contrário da morfina, foram inativos quando analisados na nocicepção térmica no modelo da [placa quente] em camundongos. O [mecanismo de ação] do DPHD envolve múltiplos sistemas, incluindo a interação com os receptores [opióides] do tipo m, k e d, a via da [L-arginina-óxido nítrico] e o [sistema serotonérgico], além da ativação da [proteína Gi/o sensível à toxina pertussis]. Por outro lado, o mecanismo de ação do galato de etila está relacionado com a ativação dos [canais de potássio] modulados por [ATP] e aqueles de [baixa] e [alta] condutância ativados por [cálcio], além de envolver a interação com a proteína Gi/o. Esses resultados mostram claramente o potencial dos produtos naturais, especialmente aqueles isolados de plantas medicinais e de seus derivados no descobrimento de novas drogas, com especial interesse no controle de processos dolorosos que ainda carecem de terapias mais adequadas

Evaluación de mecanismos de acción de Berberina, alcaloide presente en Berberis ruscifolia

Por muchas décadas las plantas fueron la principal fuente de fármacos para uso humano y sus extractos se usaron ampliamente para aliviar o curar enfermedades. Los productos naturales continúan siendo una importante fuente de nuevas estructuras en la búsqueda de nuevos fármacos o profármacos. Teniendo en cuenta los estudios realizados por este grupo, donde se demostró el efecto antinociceptivo de los extractos acuosos y etanolico de hojas y tallos de la especie Berberis ruscifolia, en los cuales se identificó la presencia del alcaloide Berberina (Berb). Dicho alcaloide demostró tener actividad antinociceptiva mediante los modelos de dolor del test de ácido acético y del test de formalina. Dado los resultados obtenidos de Berb planteamos como objetivo indagar los mecanismos por los cuales Berb presenta efecto antinociceptivo in vivo.Berb (Merck) fue evaluada en experimentos in vivo utilizando ratones Swiss machos (20-30g), a diferentes concentraciones. Se evaluó si Berb participa en la inhibición de las vías nociceptivas generadas por, Prostaglandina E2 (PGE2), Bradicinina (BK), Histamina (His), Glutamato (Glu), Cinamaldehido (Cin) y Capsaicina (Cap). Se inyectó a cada compuesto en la pata izquierda del animal por vía subcutánea y Berb fue administrada por vía oral. Berb (30 mg/Kg) mostró una inhibición del 78±4% en el test de la vía de PGE2, 51±7% en el test de BK, 66±10% en el test de His, 57±5% en el test de Cin y 68±4% en el test de Cap, demostrando así un efecto antinociceptivo mediante las vías de transmisión de dolor de dichos compuestos. En el test de la vía de Glu a la dosis de 30 mg/Kg, Berb no mostro inhibición por lo que me indica que el alcaloide no presenta efecto antinociceptivo de las vías responsables de transmitir el dolor activadas por glutamato a nivel periférico. Los resultados obtenidos en los modelos in vivo demostraron que Berb tiene actividad analgésica mediante la inhibición nociceptiva generada por BK, His, PGE2, Cin y Cap los cuales son compuestos químicos que activan diferentes vías cuyo efecto final es generar dolor.Fil: del Gaudio, Micaela Paula. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Farmacia. Cátedra de Farmacognosia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Soares dos Santos, Adair Roberto. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Ortega, María Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Farmacia. Cátedra de Farmacognosia; ArgentinaVIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Plantas MedicinalesCuencaEcuadorSociedad Latinoamericana de Plantas Medicinale

A study of the relative importance of the peroxiredoxin-, catalase-, and glutathione-dependent systems in neural peroxide metabolism

AbstractCells are endowed with several overlapping peroxide-degrading systems whose relative importance is a matter of debate. In this study, three different sources of neural cells (rat hippocampal slices, rat C6 glioma cells, and mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells) were used as models to understand the relative contributions of individual peroxide-degrading systems. After a pretreatment (30min) with specific inhibitors, each system was challenged with either H2O2 or cumene hydroperoxide (CuOOH), both at 100μM. Hippocampal slices, C6 cells, and N2a cells showed a decrease in the H2O2 decomposition rate (23–28%) by a pretreatment with the catalase inhibitor aminotriazole. The inhibition of glutathione reductase (GR) by BCNU (1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea) significantly decreased H2O2 and CuOOH decomposition rates (31–77%). Inhibition of catalase was not as effective as BCNU at decreasing cell viability (MTT assay) and cell permeability or at increasing DNA damage (comet test). Impairing the thioredoxin (Trx)-dependent peroxiredoxin (Prx) recycling by thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibition with auranofin neither potentiated peroxide toxicity nor decreased the peroxide-decomposition rate. The results indicate that neural peroxidatic systems depending on Trx/TrxR for recycling are not as important as those depending on GSH/GR. Dimer formation, which leads to Prx2 inactivation, was observed in hippocampal slices and N2a cells treated with H2O2, but not in C6 cells. However, Prx-SO3 formation, another form of Prx inactivation, was observed in all neural cell types tested, indicating that redox-mediated signaling pathways can be modulated in neural cells. These differences in Prx2 dimerization suggest specific redox regulation mechanisms in glia-derived (C6) compared to neuron-derived (N2a) cells and hippocampal slices

Involvement of Opioid System, TRPM8, and ASIC Receptors in Antinociceptive Effect of Arrabidaea brachypoda (DC) Bureau

Arrabidaea brachypoda (DC) Bureau is a medicinal plant found in Brazil. Known as "cipó-una", it is popularly used as a natural therapeutic agent against pain and inflammation. This study evaluated the chemical composition and antinociceptive activity of the dichloromethane fraction from the roots of A. brachypoda (DEAB) and its mechanism of action. The chemical composition was characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, and this fraction is composed only of dimeric flavonoids. The antinociceptive effect was evaluated in formalin and hot plate tests after oral administration (10-100 mg/kg) in male Swiss mice. We also investigated the involvement of TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1), TRPA1 (transient receptor potential ankyrin 1), TRPM8 (transient receptor potential melastatin 8), and ASIC (acid-sensing ion channel), as well as the opioidergic, glutamatergic, and supraspinal pathways. Moreover, the nociceptive response was reduced (30 mg/kg) in the early and late phase of the formalin test. DEAB activity appears to involve the opioid system, TRPM8, and ASIC receptors, clearly showing that the DEAB alleviates acute pain in mice and suggesting the involvement of the TRPM8 and ASIC receptors and the opioid system in acute pain relief