Estudio comparativo entre las dos tarjetas de microcolumnas de gel más utilizadas en los bancos de sangre

Tesis (Tecnólogo Médico)En la realidad nacional existen variadas opciones al momento de elegir una marca de tarjetas de microcolumnas de gel para la detección de anticuerpos irregulares, pero no existen publicaciones ni estudios sobre cual seria la más conveniente ni cuales son las diferencias que presentan entre ellas. Esta unidad de investigación pretende aportar información en cuanto a la confiabilidad de los diversos geles, con el fin de entregar un diagnostico seguro y óptimo, sirviendo también como apoyo bibliográfico científico para los centros de medicina transfusional. Según estudios internacionales no existen diferencias significativas entre los distintos marcas de tarjetas de microcolumnas de gel, por esta razón se comparan los geles de marcas Comercial A&B, Grifols y la técnica gold estándar de LISS Tubo, los cuales se caracterizan por ser los más utilizados diariamente en los distintos laboratorios de inmunohematología de Chile. Para ellos se recogieron 40 muestras clínicas de plasma o suero congelado de pacientes y donantes que presentaban un Test de Antiglobulina Humana Indirecta (TAi) positivo, las cuales son recolectadas desde centros asistenciales al azar. Estas muestras son procesadas en paralelo con las técnicas de; T Al y titulación de anticuerpos irregulares. Para el análisis de los resultados se compararon desde el punto de vista estadístico, en el cual la varianza de todas las muestras resultó con un valor de 0,09. Desde una mirada clínica, no se encontró diferencias significativas en la detección de anticuerpos en los sistemas de microaglutinación en gel. En conclusión al igual que estudios internacionales, no se encontraron diferencias entre los sistemas de microcolumnas de gel mas usados en los bancos de sangre de Chile

Nuevos requisitos para estudiar pedagogía en educación física en Chile: percepción de académicos y directores universitarios

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física para la Educación General Básica, Licenciado en Educación)Actualmente se han evidenciado muchas deficiencias en la educación superior. Es por eso que el gobierno de Chile implementa la nueva Ley de Carrera Docente con la intención de mejorar la calidad del sistema educativo desde las carreras de pedagogía de las universidades chilenas. La carrera de Educación Física en Chile es impartida en alrededor de 29 universidades del país. Dicha carrera busca desarrollar conocimientos científicos y distintas habilidades tales como motrices, intelectuales, sociales que en conjunto puedan formar futuros docentes integrales y con características de liderazgo definidas, para así poder desenvolverse dentro de un mundo laboral sin mayores confrontaciones. Idealmente se busca que el postulante a la carrera de Educación Física traiga consigo múltiples experiencias relacionadas con la carrera y así garantizar en gran medida que el porcentaje de deserción estudiantil vaya descendiendo. Centraremos nuestra investigación de forma cualitativa al realizar entrevistas con el fin de analizar, discutir y concluir las opiniones de distintos expertos como profesores y directores relacionados al área de educación superior, sobre actuales y futuras exigencias para estudiar pedagogía general y en pedagogía de educación física y sobre si es pertinente un perfil de ingreso declarado en la carrera de Educación Física

Enhanced rock-slope failure following ice-sheet deglaciation : timing and causes

This research was supported by NERC Cosmogenic Isotope Analysis Facility [Grant Number: 9046.0308]The temporal pattern of rock-slope failures (RSFs) following Late Pleistocene deglaciation on tectonically stable terrains is controversial: previous studies variously suggest (1) a rapid response due to removal of supporting ice (‘debuttressing’), (2) a progressive decline in RSF frequency, and (3) a millennial-scale delay before peak RSF activity. We test these competing models through beryllium-10 (10Be) exposure dating of five closely-spaced quartzite RSFs on the Isle of Jura, Scotland, to establish the relationship between timing of failure and those of deglaciation, episodes of rapid warming and periods of rapid glacio-isostatic uplift. All five dated RSFs occurred at least 720–2240 years after deglaciation, with the probability of failure peaking ~2 ka after deglaciation, consistent with millennial-scale delay model (3). This excludes debuttressing as an immediate cause of failure, though it is likely that time-dependent stress release due to deglacial unloading resulted in progressive development of failure planes within the rock. Thaw of permafrost ice in joints is unlikely to have been a prime trigger of failure as some RSFs occurred several centuries after the onset of interstadial warming. Conversely, the timespan of the RSFs coincides with the period of maximum glacio-isostatic crustal uplift, suggesting that failure was triggered by uplift-driven seismic events acting on fractured rock masses. Implications of this and related research are: (1) that retreat of the last Pleistocene ice sheets across tectonically-stable mountainous terrains was succeeded by a period of enhanced rock-slope failure due to deglacial unloading and probably uplift-driven seismicity; (2) that the great majority of RSFs in the British Isles outside the limits of Loch Lomond Stadial (= Younger Dryas) glaciation are of Lateglacial (pre-Holocene) age; and (3) numerous RSFs must also have occurred inside Loch Lomond Stadial (LLS) glacial limits, but that runout debris was removed by LLS glaciers.PostprintPeer reviewe

Methanotrophy, Methylotrophy, the Human Body and Disease

Methylotrophic Bacteria use one-carbon (C1) compounds as their carbon source. They have been known to be associated to the human body for almost 20 years as part of the normal flora and were identified as pathogens in the early 1990s in end-stage HIV patients and chemotherapy patients. In this chapter, I look at C1 compounds in the human body and exposure from the environment and then consider Methylobacterium spp. and Methylorubrum spp. in terms of infections, its role in breast and bowel cancers; Methylococcus capsulatus and its role in inflammatory bowel disease, and Brevibacterium casei and Hyphomicrobium sulfonivorans as part of the normal human flora. I also consider the abundance of methylotrophs from the Actinobacteria being identified in human studies and the potential bias of the ionic strength of culture media and the needs for future work. Within the scope of future work, I consider the need for the urgent assessment of the pathogenic, oncogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic potential of Methylobacterium spp. and Methylorubrum spp. and the need to handle them at higher containment levels until more data are available

Lancet

BACKGROUND: In 2015, the second cycle of the CONCORD programme established global surveillance of cancer survival as a metric of the effectiveness of health systems and to inform global policy on cancer control. CONCORD-3 updates the worldwide surveillance of cancer survival to 2014. METHODS: CONCORD-3 includes individual records for 37.5 million patients diagnosed with cancer during the 15-year period 2000-14. Data were provided by 322 population-based cancer registries in 71 countries and territories, 47 of which provided data with 100% population coverage. The study includes 18 cancers or groups of cancers: oesophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, liver, pancreas, lung, breast (women), cervix, ovary, prostate, and melanoma of the skin in adults, and brain tumours, leukaemias, and lymphomas in both adults and children. Standardised quality control procedures were applied; errors were rectified by the registry concerned. We estimated 5-year net survival. Estimates were age-standardised with the International Cancer Survival Standard weights. FINDINGS: For most cancers, 5-year net survival remains among the highest in the world in the USA and Canada, in Australia and New Zealand, and in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. For many cancers, Denmark is closing the survival gap with the other Nordic countries. Survival trends are generally increasing, even for some of the more lethal cancers: in some countries, survival has increased by up to 5% for cancers of the liver, pancreas, and lung. For women diagnosed during 2010-14, 5-year survival for breast cancer is now 89.5% in Australia and 90.2% in the USA, but international differences remain very wide, with levels as low as 66.1% in India. For gastrointestinal cancers, the highest levels of 5-year survival are seen in southeast Asia: in South Korea for cancers of the stomach (68.9%), colon (71.8%), and rectum (71.1%); in Japan for oesophageal cancer (36.0%); and in Taiwan for liver cancer (27.9%). By contrast, in the same world region, survival is generally lower than elsewhere for melanoma of the skin (59.9% in South Korea, 52.1% in Taiwan, and 49.6% in China), and for both lymphoid malignancies (52.5%, 50.5%, and 38.3%) and myeloid malignancies (45.9%, 33.4%, and 24.8%). For children diagnosed during 2010-14, 5-year survival for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ranged from 49.8% in Ecuador to 95.2% in Finland. 5-year survival from brain tumours in children is higher than for adults but the global range is very wide (from 28.9% in Brazil to nearly 80% in Sweden and Denmark). INTERPRETATION: The CONCORD programme enables timely comparisons of the overall effectiveness of health systems in providing care for 18 cancers that collectively represent 75% of all cancers diagnosed worldwide every year. It contributes to the evidence base for global policy on cancer control. Since 2017, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has used findings from the CONCORD programme as the official benchmark of cancer survival, among their indicators of the quality of health care in 48 countries worldwide. Governments must recognise population-based cancer registries as key policy tools that can be used to evaluate both the impact of cancer prevention strategies and the effectiveness of health systems for all patients diagnosed with cancer. FUNDING: American Cancer Society; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Swiss Re; Swiss Cancer Research foundation; Swiss Cancer League; Institut National du Cancer; La Ligue Contre le Cancer; Rossy Family Foundation; US National Cancer Institute; and the Susan G Komen Foundation

Analisis de la valoracion de la prueba en el proceso penal.

48 p.El ordenamiento procesal penal chileno consagra un sistema de valoración de la prueba, en el cual se le otorga al juez la libertad para apreciar los medios probatorios sin fijarle otras limitaciones que la de no contradecir los principios de la Lógica, las máximas de la experiencia y los conocimientos científicamente afianzados. La presente memoria tiene como objetivo analizar la eficacia jurídica de dichas normas de acuerdo al sistema establecido por el Legislador, lo cual se hard a trabes del análisis de las sentencias del Tribunal de Juicio Oral en lo Penal de Talca dictadas durante los anos 2002 a 2007. Los métodos a desarrollar en esta memoria son el de observación y el deductivo y la fuente de información que se utilizara Serra el análisis jurisprudencial. Después del análisis Elevado a cabo fue posible constatar que este tribunal refleja un completo y efectivo apego a las exigencias legales

Glacial advances constrained by 10Be exposure dating of bedrock landslides, Kyrgyz Tien Shan

Numerous large landslide deposits occur in the Tien Shan, a tectonically active intraplate orogen in Central Asia. Yet their significance in Quaternary landscape evolution and natural hazard assessment remains unresolved due to the lack of "absolute" age constraints. Here we present the first 10Be exposure ages for three prominent (N107 m3) bedrock landslides that blocked major rivers and formed lakes, two of which subsequently breached, in the northern Kyrgyz Tien Shan. Three 10Be ages reveal that one landslide in the Alamyedin River occurred at 11–15 ka, which is consistent with two 14C ages of gastropod shells from reworked loess capping the landslide. One large landslide in Aksu River is among the oldest documented in semi-arid continental interiors, with a 10Be age of 63–67 ka. The Ukok River landslide deposit(s) yielded variable 10Be ages, which may result from multiple landslides, and inheritance of 10Be. Two 10Be ages of 8.2 and 5.9 ka suggest that one major landslide occurred in the early to mid-Holocene, followed by at least one other event between 1.5 and 0.4 ka. Judging from the regional glacial chronology, all three landslides have occurred between major regional glacial advances. Whereas Alamyedin and Ukok can be considered as postglacial in this context, Aksu is of interglacial age. None of the landslide deposits show traces of glacial erosion, hence their locations and 10Be ages mark maximum extents and minimum ages of glacial advances, respectively. Using toe to-headwall altitude ratios of 0.4–0.5, we reconstruct minimum equilibrium-line altitudes that exceed previous estimates by as much as 400 m along the moister northern fringe of the Tien Shan. Our data show that deposits from large landslides can provide valuable spatio temporal constraints for glacial advances in landscapes where moraines and glacial deposits have low preservation potential