Reinterpreting radiocarbon records in bamboo corals ? New insights from the tropical North Atlantic

Deep-sea bamboo corals (family Isididae) have been used as archives for reconstructing changes in the past ocean. However, uncertainties remain regarding the interpretation of geochemical signals from their organic nodes, specifically the water depth of the signals recorded by the coral. Here we explore this question by measuring radiocarbon (14C) and nitrogen (15N) isotopic compositions of the organic nodes in six bamboo corals collected from the central and eastern tropical Atlantic between 700 m and 2000 m water depth. By comparing coral 14C to measured seawater data, regional shallow-water coral records and climate-model outputs, we find contrasting results between the two regions. Our bamboo coral 14C results from the eastern tropical Atlantic support previous studies that suggest organic node carbon is sourced primarily from the mixed layer of the ocean. By contrast, the 14C of bamboo coral organic nodes from the oligotrophic central Atlantic better correlates with the 14C content of the subsurface deep chlorophyll maximum layer rather than the surface mixed layer. Combined with nitrogen isotope data, this observation suggests that sinking and/or ambient zooplankton feeding on phytoplankton from the deep chlorophyll maximum layer can contribute a significant proportion of the diet of bamboo corals. These results suggest that the carbon source for bamboo corals organic nodes may not always reside in the mixed layer, especially in oligotrophic regions, which has implications for 14C-based age model development in bamboo corals

Impact of a training project for primary health-care providers (FOCO project) in the HIV screening and HIV late diagnosis

Poster [P043] OBJECTIVE Reducing HIV late diagnosis remains an epidemiological challenge . The objective of this project was to promote early HIV diagnosis through the training of primary health - care providers (PHCP) . METHODS HIV specialists conducted training sessions in 108 primary care centers (PCC) from six Spanish regions during 2016 and 2017 , and with 1804 PHCP involved . The intervention was evaluated using a pre - experimental design collecting the dependent variables both in the six months before and after the intervention . Number of requests for HIV tests from the PCC trained and clinical data of new HIV diagnosed patients were collected . Parametric and non - parametric tests were used to assess differences between pre and post - intervention data . RESULTS 3. Differences in clinical variables in pre and post intervention period

Physics potential of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO)

We review the physics potential of a next generation search for solar axions:the International Axion Observatory (IAXO). Endowed with a sensitivity todiscover axion-like particles (ALPs) with a coupling to photons as small as$g_{a\gamma}\sim 10^{-12}$ GeV$^{-1}$, or to electrons $g_{ae}\sim$10$^{-13}$,IAXO has the potential to find the QCD axion in the 1 meV$\sim$1 eV mass rangewhere it solves the strong CP problem, can account for the cold dark matter ofthe Universe and be responsible for the anomalous cooling observed in a numberof stellar systems. At the same time, IAXO will have enough sensitivity todetect lower mass axions invoked to explain: 1) the origin of the anomalous"transparency" of the Universe to gamma-rays, 2) the observed soft X-ray excessfrom galaxy clusters or 3) some inflationary models. In addition, we reviewstring theory axions with parameters accessible by IAXO and discuss theirpotential role in cosmology as Dark Matter and Dark Radiation as well as theirconnections to the above mentioned conundrums

The biogeochemical impact of glacial meltwater from Southwest Greenland

Biogeochemical cycling in high-latitude regions has a disproportionate impact on global nutrient budgets. Here, we introduce a holistic, multi-disciplinary framework for elucidating the influence of glacial meltwaters, shelf currents, and biological production on biogeochemical cycling in high-latitude continental margins, with a focus on the silica cycle. Our findings highlight the impact of significant glacial discharge on nutrient supply to shelf and slope waters, as well as surface and benthic production in these regions, over a range of timescales from days to thousands of years. Whilst biological uptake in fjords and strong diatom activity in coastal waters maintains low dissolved silicon concentrations in surface waters, we find important but spatially heterogeneous additions of particulates into the system, which are transported rapidly away from the shore. We expect the glacially-derived particles – together with biogenic silica tests – to be cycled rapidly through shallow sediments, resulting in a strong benthic flux of dissolved silicon. Entrainment of this benthic silicon into boundary currents may supply an important source of this key nutrient into the Labrador Sea, and is also likely to recirculate back into the deep fjords inshore. This study illustrates how geochemical and oceanographic analyses can be used together to probe further into modern nutrient cycling in this region, as well as the palaeoclimatological approaches to investigating changes in glacial meltwater discharge through time, especially during periods of rapid climatic change in the Late Quaternary

Rate and duration of hospitalisation for acute pulmonary embolism in the real-world clinical practice of different countries : Analysis from the RIETE registry

publishersversionPeer reviewe

Choice of the initial antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive individuals in the era of integrase inhibitors

BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the most frequently prescribed initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in recent years in HIV-positive persons in the Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) and to investigate factors associated with the choice of each regimen. METHODS: We analyzed initial ART regimens prescribed in adults participating in CoRIS from 2014 to 2017. Only regimens prescribed in >5% of patients were considered. We used multivariable multinomial regression to estimate Relative Risk Ratios (RRRs) for the association between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the choice of the initial regimen. RESULTS: Among 2874 participants, abacavir(ABC)/lamivudine(3TC)/dolutegavir(DTG) was the most frequently prescribed regimen (32.1%), followed by tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC)/elvitegravir(EVG)/cobicistat(COBI) (14.9%), TDF/FTC/rilpivirine (RPV) (14.0%), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/FTC/EVG/COBI (13.7%), TDF/FTC+DTG (10.0%), TDF/FTC+darunavir/ritonavir or darunavir/cobicistat (bDRV) (9.8%) and TDF/FTC+raltegravir (RAL) (5.6%). Compared with ABC/3TC/DTG, starting TDF/FTC/RPV was less likely in patients with CD4100.000 copies/mL. TDF/FTC+DTG was more frequent in those with CD4100.000 copies/mL. TDF/FTC+RAL and TDF/FTC+bDRV were also more frequent among patients with CD4<200 cells//muL and with transmission categories other than men who have sex with men. Compared with ABC/3TC/DTG, the prescription of other initial ART regimens decreased from 2014-2015 to 2016-2017 with the exception of TDF/FTC+DTG. Differences in the choice of the initial ART regimen were observed by hospitals' location. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of initial ART regimens is consistent with Spanish guidelines' recommendations, but is also clearly influenced by physician's perception based on patient's clinical and sociodemographic variables and by the prescribing hospital location

Effect Of Vinblastine On The Cell Cycle And Migration Of Ameloblasts Of Mouse Incisors As Shown By Autoradiography Using 3h-thymidine

[No abstract available]18549350

Infection as cause of immobility and occurrence of venous thromboembolism: analysis of 1635 medical cases from the RIETE registry.

Several risk assessment models include infection and immobility among the items to be considered for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention. However, information on patients with infection leading to immobility and developing VTE are limited, as well as on the role of specific types of infection. Data were collected from the worldwide RIETE registry, including patients with symptomatic objectively confirmed VTE, and followed-up for at least 3 months. The overall population of RIETE at June 2013 (n = 47,390) was considered. Acute infection leading to immobility was reported in 3.9 % of non-surgical patients. Compared with patients immobilized due to dementia, patients with infection had a shorter duration of immobilization prior to VTE (less than 4 weeks in 94.2 vs. 25.9 % of cases; p &lt; 0.001). During the 3-month follow-up, VTE patients with infection versus those with dementia had a lower rate of fatal bleeding (0.5 vs. 1.1 %; p &lt; 0.05) or fatal PE (1.7 vs. 3.5 %; p &lt; 0.01). Patients with respiratory tract infections had more likely PE as initial VTE presentation than other types of infection (62.3 vs. 37.7 %; p &lt; 0.001). Significantly more patients with pneumonia than those with other respiratory infections had received VTE prophylaxis (50.2 vs. 30.6 %; p &lt; 0.001). Following VTE, patients with sepsis showed a significantly higher risk of fatal bleeding. Based on our real-world data, infection seems to contribute to the pathogenesis of VTE by accelerating the effects of immobility. Its role as VTE risk factor probably deserves further attention and specific assessment in order to optimize VTE prophylaxis and treatment

Infection as cause of immobility and occurrence of venous thromboembolism: analysis of 1635 medical cases from the RIETE registry

Several risk assessment models include infection and immobility among the items to be considered for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention. However, information on patients with infection leading to immobility and developing VTE are limited, as well as on the role of specific types of infection. Data were collected from the worldwide RIETE registry, including patients with symptomatic objectively confirmed VTE, and followed-up for at least 3 months. The overall population of RIETE at June 2013 (n = 47,390) was considered. Acute infection leading to immobility was reported in 3.9 % of non-surgical patients. Compared with patients immobilized due to dementia, patients with infection had a shorter duration of immobilization prior to VTE (less than 4 weeks in 94.2 vs. 25.9 % of cases; p < 0.001). During the 3-month follow-up, VTE patients with infection versus those with dementia had a lower rate of fatal bleeding (0.5 vs. 1.1 %; p < 0.05) or fatal PE (1.7 vs. 3.5 %; p < 0.01). Patients with respiratory tract infections had more likely PE as initial VTE presentation than other types of infection (62.3 vs. 37.7 %; p < 0.001). Significantly more patients with pneumonia than those with other respiratory infections had received VTE prophylaxis (50.2 vs. 30.6 %; p < 0.001). Following VTE, patients with sepsis showed a significantly higher risk of fatal bleeding. Based on our real-world data, infection seems to contribute to the pathogenesis of VTE by accelerating the effects of immobility. Its role as VTE risk factor probably deserves further attention and specific assessment in order to optimize VTE prophylaxis and treatment

Tropical Atlantic bamboo corals bomb radiocarbon and nitrogen isotopes

Deep-sea bamboo corals (family Isididae) have been used as archives for reconstructing changes in the past ocean. However, uncertainties remain regarding the interpretation of geochemical signals from their organic nodes, specifically the water depth of the signals recorded by the coral. Here we explore this question by measuring 14C and 15N compositions of six bamboo corals collected from the central and eastern tropical Atlantic between 700 m and 2000 m water depth. By comparing coral 14C to measured seawater data, regional shallow-water coral records and climate-model outputs, we find contrasting results. Our bamboo coral 14C results from the eastern tropical Atlantic support previous studies that suggest organic node carbon is sourced primarily from the upper mixed layer of the ocean. By contrast, bamboo corals from the oligotrophic central Atlantic suggests that organic node radiocarbon records the Δ14C of the deep chlorophyll maximum layer rather than the surface mixed layer. Combined with δ15N data, this observation suggests that sinking and/or ambient zooplankton supported by phytoplankton from the deep chlorophyll maximum layer can contribute a significant proportion of the diet of bamboo corals. These results suggest that the age models of bamboo corals residing beneath oligotrophic regions should not be determined from mixed layer Δ14C. Radiocarbon analyses were conducted at the Bristol Radiocarbon Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (BRAMS) Facility at the University of Bristol following the procedure of Knowles et al. (2019, doi:10.1017/RDC.2019.28). δ15N were gently ground to homogenise, weighed out into 0.5 - 1 mg aliquots into 3.5 × 5 mm tin capsules (part #041060) from Costech Analytical Technologies, Inc and sent out for the δ15N analyses to the Center for Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry (CSIB), University of California Berkeley