Role of Dietary Crocin in In Vivo Melanoma Tumor Remission

Background: Melanoma is a deadly form of malignancy. Early diagnosis might pave the way to cure but its aggressive nature leads to rapid dissemination and colonization of distant organs. Dietary herbs may play a significant role in prevention of cancer. In this study, we tested anti-tumor efficacy of the Crocus sativus derived active constituent crocin, it is well established to have anti-cancer properties in different cancer models by our group and other groups. Notably, crocin is reported to exert anti-proliferative effect on melanoma cells (B16F10) in vitro. However, roles of crocin on in vivo melanoma tumor remission have not yet been reported to our knowledge. Materials and Methods: Melanoma tumor model was established by transplanting B16F10 (5 X 105) cells into C57BL/6 mice, which were then observed for tumor development and once the tumor volume reached 6 mm, mice were divided into (Group I: tumor-bearing animals treated with normal saline and Group II: counterparts treated with crocin at 2 mg/kg body weight for 21 days). . Tumor remission and tumor growth related parameters such as tumor silent period (TSP), tumor volume doubling time (VDT), growth delay (GD), and mean survival time (MST) were determined. In addition, serum protein profiles were analyzed. Results: The 21 days crocin treatment significantly reduced the tumor burden in mice, extending the mean survival time significantly as compared to control. Crocin treatment also significantly increased the TGD and TSP and decreased VDT. Furthermore, while serum proteins such as albumin and globulin (alpha1, alpha2, beta, and gamma) were altered due to tumor burden, crocin treatment resulted in their levels near to normal at the end of the experimental period. Conclusion: Our study provided clear evidence that crocin may exhibit significant melanoma tumor remission properties by positively modulating tumor growth related parameters. In future, the molecular mechanisms of crocin action should be studied extensively in melanoma models before defining crocin-based melanoma drug formulation

Insights to Molecular and Bulk Mechanical Properties of Glassy Carbon Through Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Mechanical Tensile Testing

With increasing interest in the use of glassy carbon (GC) for a wide variety of application areas, the need for developing fundamental understanding of its mechanical properties has come to the forefront. Further, recent theoretical and modeling works that shed some light on the synthesis of GC through the process of pyrolysis of polymer precursors have highlighted the possibilities of a revisit to investigation of its mechanical properties at a fundamental level. While there are isolated reports on the experimental determination of its elastic modulus, insights into stress-strain behavior of GC material under tension and compression obtained through simulation, either at molecular level or for the bulk material is missing. This current study fills the gap at the molecular level and investigates the mechanical properties of GC using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations which model the atomistic level formation and breaking of bonds using bond-order based reactive force field formulations. The molecular model considered for this simulation has a characteristics 3D cagey structure of 5-, 6-, and 7-membered carbon rings and graphitic domain of a flat graphene-like structure. The GC molecular model was subjected to loading under varying strain rates (0.4/ns, 0.6/ns, 1.25/ns, and 2.5/ns) and varying temperatures (300 - 800 K) in each of the three axes x, y, and z. The simulation showed that GC molecule has distinct stress-strain curves under tension and compression. In tension, MD modeling predicted mean elastic modulus of 5.71 GPa for a single GC molecule with some dependency on strain rates and temperature, while in compression, the elastic modulus was also found to depend on the strain rates as well as temperature and was predicted to have a mean value of 35 GP

Proceedings of International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet

This proceeding contains articles of the various research ideas of the academic community and practitioners accepted at the "International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet (ICCESP 2021)". ICCESP 2021 is being Organized by the Habilete Learning Solutions, Kollam in Collaboration with American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, and Baselios Mathews II College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala, India. Conference Title: International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable PlanetConference Acronym: ICCESP 2021Conference Date: 05–06 March 2021Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizer: Habilete Learning Solutions, Kollam, Kerala, IndiaCollaborators: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, and Baselios Mathews II College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala, India

Tropical field stations yield high conservation return on investment

Conservation funding is currently limited; cost-effective conservation solutions are essential. We suggest that the thousands of field stations worldwide can play key roles at the frontline of biodiversity conservation and have high intrinsic value. We assessed field stations’ conservation return on investment and explored the impact of COVID-19. We surveyed leaders of field stations across tropical regions that host primate research; 157 field stations in 56 countries responded. Respondents reported improved habitat quality and reduced hunting rates at over 80% of field stations and lower operational costs per km2 than protected areas, yet half of those surveyed have less funding now than in 2019. Spatial analyses support field station presence as reducing deforestation. These ‘earth observatories’ provide a high return on investment; we advocate for increased support of field station programs and for governments to support their vital conservation efforts by investing accordingly