Heavy metal contamination of soils in China: standards, geographic distribution, and food safety considerations. A review

This article reviews the conditions of heavy metal contamination of China’s soils. The article starts with a discussion of the official environmental standards of soils in China, in terms of heavy metal contamination, and the extent of that contamination. Then, the article discusses the geographic distribution of soil contamination, and the food safety impact. The problem in China is that the provinces with the highest rates of soil contamination are also provinces with the largest amount of food production. This results in high contamination of food, with 13.86 % of grain produced in China being affected by heavy metal contamination. Hunan Province represents the worst conditions: it is responsible for 32.1 % of China’s cadmium (Cd) emissions, 20.6 % of its arsenic (As) emissions, 58.7 % of its mercury (Hg) emissions, and 24.6 % of its lead (Pb) emissions. While Hunan Province produces about 15 % of the total rice output of the country, according to official data, 13 % ofthe total area of the province has been contaminated with waste and heavy metals from mines. In many areas, especially those closer to mines, the agricultural production exceeds the official food safety standards

Los efectos del programa “Grain for Green” de China en migración y remesas

[EN] The Grain for Green (GfG) is the largest reforestation program of the world. It involved payments to farmers to convert their marginal farmland. Many farmers decided to migrate. This paper looks at some of the household features associated with migration by GfG-participants, and the importance of remittances to those who remained behind. Fieldwork for this research was carried out in Pengshui County in Chongqing Municipality. Several variables affect migration, including education, land ownership and household size. For most households, remittances consist of over 90 percent of all household incomes, but the amount remitted tends to level off when it reaches a certain size, regardless of the number of household members who migrated.[ES] El Grain for Green (GfG) es el programa de reforestación más grande del mundo. Implicaba pagos a los agricultores para transformar sus tierras marginales en la vegetación original (generalmente forestal). Muchos agricultores decidieron emigrar. Este documento analiza algunas de las características del hogar asociadas con la migración por parte de los participantes de GfG, y la importancia de las remesas para quienes se quedaron atrás. El trabajo de campo para esta investigación se llevó a cabo en el distrito de Pengshui en el municipio de Chongqing. Varias variables afectan la migración, incluidas la educación, la propiedad de la tierra y el tamaño del hogar. Las remesas forman más del 90 por ciento de todos los ingresos familiares, pero la cantidad total remitida tiende a estabilizarse cuando alcanza un cierto tamaño, independientemente de la cantidad de miembros del hogar que emigraron.Delang, CO. (2019). The effects of China’s Grain for Green program on migration and remittance. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 18(2):117-141. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2018.02.06SWORD11714118

Pengaruh Jenis Residu Kompos Biochar dan Umur Defoliasi Daun Jagung (Zea mays L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kacang Merah (Phaseulus vulgaris L.) dalam Tumpangsari Salome

This study aims to determine the effect of residues of biochar compost in the second crop season and the effect of defoliation age treatment on corn leaves on growth and yield of red bean plants with corn salome intercropping. The research was carried out from July to November 2019 in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Timor, Sasi Village, Kota Kefamenanu District, TimorTengah Utara Regency (TTU), Nusa Tenggara Timur Province (NTT). This study used a factorial 3 x 3 Randomized Block Design (RAK) which was repeated 3 times. The first factor is the type of biochar residue which consists of 3 levels, namely cow manure biochar compost residue, goat manure biochar compost residue, horse manure biochar compost residue. The second factor was the time of defoliation of corn leaves which consisted of 3 levels, namely without defoliation, defoliation at 35 DAP, defoliation at 55 DAP, so there were 9 treatment combinations, which were repeated 3 times so that there were 27 experimental units. The results showed that there was a positive effect according to the DMRT test at 5% level between the combination of biochar compost residue treatment and corn leaf defoliation age treatment on soil temperature 60 DAP, soil volume weight 60 DAP, and canopy dry weight. The single factor treatment of biochar compost residue enriched with goat manure was able to modify the plant growing environment and increase plant growth and yield. The single factor treatment of corn leaf defoliation age 35 DAP was able to increase the growth and yield of red bean plants.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh residu jenis kompos biochar pada musim tanaman kedua dan pengaruh perlakuan umur defoliasi daun jagung terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang merah dengan tumpangsari salome tanaman jagung. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai dengan November 2019 di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Timor, Kelurahan Sasi, Kecamatan Kota Kefamenanu, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara (TTU), Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial 3 x 3 yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Faktor Pertama adalah jenis residu biochar yang terdiri dari 3 aras yaitu residu kompos biochar pupuk kandang sapi, residu kompos biochar pupuk kandang kambing, residu kompos biochar pupuk kandang kuda. Faktor kedua adalah waktu defoliasi daun jagung yang terdiri dari 3 aras yaitu tanpa defoliasi, defoliasi pada umur 35 HST, defoliasi pada umur 55 HST, sehingga terdapat 9 kombinasi perlakuan, yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga terdapat 27 satuan percobaan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan terjadi pengaruh positif menurut uji DMRT taraf 5% antara kombinasi perlakuan jenis residu kompos biochar dan perlakuan umur defoliasi daun jagung terhadap suhu tanah 60 HST, berat volume tanah 60 HST, dan berat kering tajuk. Faktor tunggal perlakuan jenis residu kompos biochar yang diperkaya pupuk kandang kambing mampu memodifikasi lingkungan tumbuh tanaman dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan serta hasil tanaman. Faktor tunggal perlakuan umur defoliasi daun jagung 35 HST mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang merah

Mapping Yearly Fine Resolution Global Surface Ozone through the BME Data Fusion of Observations and Model Output for 1990–2017

Estimates of ground-level ozone concentrations are necessary to determine the human health burden of ozone. To support the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study, we produce fine resolution global surface ozone estimates for each year from 1990 to 2017 through the statistical fusion of observations and atmospheric chemistry models. We use the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) framework to integrate surface observations with a multi-model composite, which is the linear combination of atmospheric models that best reproduces observations. The BME estimates match observations at each monitoring site with the influence of an observation decreasing across space and time. After estimating at 0.5° resolution using BME, we add fine spatial detail based on a fine resolution model. Our final product estimates annual global surface ozone for 1990-2017 at 0.1° resolution, and shows a positive trend in population weighted ozone globally, driven by highly populated and polluted regions of Asia and Africa.Master of Science in Environmental Engineerin

Asuhan Kebidanan Berkelanjutan pada Ny Y.S.L di Puskesmas Kopeta tanggal08 April S/D 22 Mei 2019

Latar Belakang:Tahun 2015hasil Survey Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) mencatat AKI mengalami penurunan dari 359 menjadi 305per 100.000 kelahiran hidup dan Angka Kematian Bayi tahun 2015 sebesar 22,23 per 1000 kelahiran hidup. (Kemenkes RI, 2015). Data profil dinas kesehatan Kabupaten Sikka AKI tahun 2017 93/100.000 kelahiran hidup dan tahun 2018 mengalami peningkatan menjadi 192/100.000 kelahiran hidup.(Profil Dinkes kabupaten Sikka,2018).Pemberian asuhan kebidanan berkelanjutan pada ibu hamil trimester III sampai perawatan masa nifas diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam upaya menurunkan (AKI) dan (AKB) di Indonesia serta tercapainya kesehatan ibu dan anak yang optimal. Tujuan Umum: Memberikan asuhan kebidanan berkelanjutan pada Ny. Y.S.L. di Puskesmas Kopeta. Metode: Jenis studi kasus menggunakan studi penelahan kasus dengan unit tunggal, pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder serta pendekatan 7 langkah varney dan metode SOAP. Hasil: Asuhan kebidanan berkelanjutan pada Ny.Y.S.L selama kehamilan trimester III dengan masalah sering kencing dimalam hari teratasi. Proses persalinan dengan persalinan spontan tanpa ada penyulit di Puskesmas Kopeta pada tanggal 12 April 2019 di tolong oleh Bidan. Pada masa nifas berjalan normal tanpa penyulit dan di lakukan kunjungan nifas sebanyak 3 kali.Pada BBL dengan bayi baru lahir normal tanpa ada penyulit dan di lakukan kunjungan neonates sebanyak 3 kali.Ibu bersedia menggunakan KB IUD setelah anaknya berusia 42 hari. Simpulan: Setelah melakukan semua asuhan kebidanan berkelanjutan pada Ny.Y.S.L berjalan dengan lancar yang ditandai dengan keluhan selama hamil teratasi dengan baik, persalinan terjadi di fasilitas kesehatan, perawatan bayi berjalan dengan baik, masa nifas normal dan motifasi KB behasil,keadaan ibu dan bayi sehat dan normal

Utilización de la acupuntura como estrategia terapéutica en instituciones publicas y privadas Managua, 1995

Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal cuali-cuantitativo de la utilización de la acupuntura como estrategia terapéutica en algunos servicios de salud institucionales, privados y populares en diferentes zonas del caso urbano de Managu

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Yang Dimoderasi Lingkungan Eksternal

This study aimed to examine and analyze the effect of the accounting information system and human resources on the quality of and human resources on the quality of local government financial statements, which were moderated by the external environment. The method used in this study was quantitative research, the data collection technique used purposive sampling with the slovin formula. In line with that, there were 56 employes as the sample. The data were primary with questionnaires survey as the instrument of data sampling to thr respondents the data analyze technique used multiple linear regression and Moderated Regresaion Analyze. As a result, both the accounting information system and human resources had a positive effect on the quality of local government financial statements. Additionally, moderating variable with Moderated Regression Analysis showed that the external environment was able to moderate the human resources on the quality of local government financial statements. However, the environment could not moderate the accounting information system on the quality of local government financial statements

Screening to Detect Hip and Groin Problems in Elite Adolescent Football (Soccer) Players – Friend or Foe?

Injury prevention strategies in team settings should not overlook early detection and secondary prevention. Monitoring systems may be an effective approach to detect common and troublesome injuries, such as hip and groin pain in football (soccer) players. The purpose of this International Perspective is to share our experiences with monitoring hip and groin pain in youth academy football and discuss challenges that surfaced. We consider why players may not accurately report pain, their perceptions of groin pain, and whether all groin pain is clinically meaningful. # Level of Evidence

A combination of methods needed to assess the actual use of provisioning ecosystem services

Failure to recognize that potential provisioning ecosystem services are not necessarily collected and used by people may have important consequences for management of land and resources. Accounting for people's actual use of ecosystem services in decision making processes requires a robust methodological approach that goes beyond mapping the presence of ecosystem services. But no such universally accepted method exists, and there are several shortcomings of existing methods such as the application of land use/cover as a proxy for provisioning ecosystem service availability and surveys based on respondents' recall to assess people's collection of e.g. wild food. By combining four complementary methods and applying these to the shifting cultivation systems of Laos, we show how people’s actual use of ecosystem services from agricultural fields differs from ecosystem service availability. Our study is the first in Southeast Asia to combine plot monitoring, collection diaries, repeat interviews, and participant observation. By applying these multiple methods borrowed from anthropology and botany among other research domains, the study illustrates that no single method is sufficient on its own. It is of key importance for scientists to adopt methods that can account for both availability of various services and actual use of those services