Inter-Annual Sea Level Variability in the Southern Gulf of Mexico (1966-1976)

Hourly time series at seven locations throughout the southern Gulf of Mexico were used to calculate the trend and the inter-annual sea level. The sea level series from January 1966 to December 1976 were filtered using a Lanczos low pass filter to remove oscillations with periods smaller than one year. The results revealed a sea level increment of about 1.4 mm yr(-1) from 1966 to 1976 in the southern Gulf of Mexico. The monthly sea level variability obtained after the trends were removed, presented a sea level setup during winter and a sea level depression in summer attributed to seasonal wind conditions. The horizontal representation of averaged sea level in the southern Gulf of Mexico presented a saddle critical point. The associated sea level slope indicated water accumulation at Ciudad Madero in the western side of the gulf and Coatzacoalcos in the southernmost station, and sea level depressions at Tuxpan and Progreso in the southwestern and southeastern side of the gulf, respectively. Nevertheless, one of the most intriguing result is the presence of a Kelvin wave with a two mode oscillation axis that goes from Progreso to Tuxpan

Tidal effects on ichthyoplankton aggregation and dispersion in the Southern Gulf of Mexico

Este estudo analisou o papel das forçantes barotrópica e baroclínicadas marés na agregação e dispersão do ictioplâncton no sul do Golfo do México. A amostragem do ictioplâncton e o cálculo dos parâmetros hidrográficos foram realizados durante Setembro de 1992 num ponto fixo de 180 m de profundidade, perto da quebra de plataforma (19º32'N - 92º38.5'W). Uma amostragem de tipo yoyo com CTD foi realizada durante 24 h e amostras biológicas foram tomadas a cada 2 h. Estas medidas foram combinadas com dados de densidade da água e velocidade obtidas de simulações do modelo do Sistema Regional de Modelo dos Oceanos (ROMS). Uma termoclina e duas haloclinas foram detectadas. O número de Froude aumentou com uma defasagem de 2 h com relação à maré barotrópica, sugerindo a existência de uma maré baroclínica. A agregação e a dispersão do ictioplancton mostraram variações verticais tanto em abundância quanto no número de taxa e larvas, com defasagem de 5 h em relação à máxima maré barotrópica e esteve em fase com a oscilação da termoclina. A oscilação vertical foi atribuída a um controle hidráulico forçado pela maré interna.The role of vertical barotropic and baroclinic tidal forcing in the aggregation and dispersion of ichthyoplankton in the Southern Gulf of Mexico was analyzed in this study. Samplings of ichthyoplankton and the determination of hydrographic parameters were performed during September 1992 at a single point of 180 m depth, near the shelf break (19º32'N - 92º38.5'W). A 24 h CTD yo-yoing casting and biological samples were taken every 2 h and these measurements were combined with water velocity and density simulations from the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS). One thermocline and two haloclines were depicted. The Froude number increased with a 2 h lag with respect to the maximal barotropic tide, suggesting the existence of a baroclinic tide. Aggregation and dispersion of the ichthyoplankton showed vertical oscillations in the abundance and the numbers of taxa and larvae with a 5 h lag with respect to the maximal barotropic tide and were in phase with the thermocline oscillation. The vertical oscillation was attributed to a hydraulic control forced by the internal tide

Bio-optical characterization of the waters of the Bay of La Paz, southern Gulf of California, during late spring 2004

Information on selected bio-optical properties and primary production values of the waters of the Bay of La Paz, southern Gulf of California, is reported during June 2004, a region characterized to have very rich biodiversity, including endemic and endangered species, with high ecological relevance. In-situ measurements of natural fluorescence and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) enabled the subsequent calculation of the incident irradiance (E0), the light extinction coefficient (k), compensation depth (Zc) and critical depth (Zcr). The results suggest the presence of light propitious conditions for phytoplankton community growth and net primary production, which are highly significant for the potential development of models of light penetration, ocean color, primary productivity, and analyses of organic carbon energy flow

Studies on picophytoplankton in the southern Gulf of Mexico: recognition of picoprokaryotes and abundances of picophytoplankton during "dry season"

The abundance and distribution of total autotrophic picophytoplankton (PFP), temperature, salinity, PAR, and chlorophyll a were determined in two presumably contrasting environments: (1) two coastal areas (close to the mouths of three rivers), and (2) one oceanic area (Campeche Canyon), of the southern Gulf of Mexico, during the "dry season" (June-July, 2004). The picoprokaryotes Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus were identified by TEM, whereas Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes populations were also recognized by flow cytometry. The highest PFP abundance (1.67×105 cells ml-1) was found in shallow waters (~10 m depth) around the Grijalva-Usumacinta river mouth, followed by that found at a station close to the Coatzacoalcos River (1.19×105 cells ml-1); PFP abundances in the Campeche Canyon were usually lower (maximum 1.53×104 cells ml-1). Greater variability in PFP abundances was found in coastal stations than in oceanic waters, and weak relationships appeared between the patterns of chlorophyll a and PFP abundance. Peaks of PFP were detected in both coastal and more oceanic areas, but in the Campeche Canyon they were located deeper (60 m), relatively closer to the deep maximum of chlorophyll (located at about 75 m). Results suggest that PFP populations include a substantial photosynthetic component in both coastal and oceanic waters of the southern Gulf of Mexico.Abundância e distribuição do picofitoplâncton autotrófico total (PFP), temperatura, salinidade, PAR e clorofila-a, foram determinados em dois ambientes presumivelmente diferentes: (1) duas áreas costeiras (perto da foz de três rios) e (2) uma área oceânica (Campeche Canyon), ambas situadas ao sul do Golfo do México, durante a "estação seca" (Junho-Julho, 2004). Os picoprocariontes Prochlorococcus e Synechococcus foram identificados por TEM, e as populações de Synechococcus e de picoeucariontes também foram reconhecidas por citometria de fluxo. A maior abundância de PFP (1,67 × 105 células ml-1) foi encontrada em águas rasas (~ 10 m de profundidade) em torno dos rios Grijalva Usumacinta, seguida de uma estação perto do Rio Coatzacoalcos (1,19 × 105 células ml-1). As abundâncias de PFP em Campeche Canyon foram geralmente menores (máximo 1,53 × 104 células ml-1). A maior variabilidade em abundâncias de PFP foi encontrada em estações costeiras quando comparado às águas oceânicas, e quase não houve correlação entre os padrões de clorofila-a e abundância de PFP. Picos de PFP foram detectados nas áreas costeiras e oceânicas, mas em Campeche Canyon localizaram-se em maior profundidade (60 m), relativamente mais perto do local onde se registrou o máximo de clorofila (cerca de 75 m). Os resultados sugerem que as populações de PFP englobam um componente fotossintético substancial em ambas as águas costeiras e oceânicas do sul do Golfo do México

Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: A Synopsis of Coordinated National Crop Wild Relative Seed Collecting Programs across Five Continents

The Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change Project set out to improve the diversity, quantity, and accessibility of germplasm collections of crop wild relatives (CWR). Between 2013 and 2018, partners in 25 countries, heirs to the globetrotting legacy of Nikolai Vavilov, undertook seed collecting expeditions targeting CWR of 28 crops of global significance for agriculture. Here, we describe the implementation of the 25 national collecting programs and present the key results. A total of 4587 unique seed samples from at least 355 CWR taxa were collected, conserved ex situ, safety duplicated in national and international genebanks, and made available through the Multilateral System (MLS) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty). Collections of CWR were made for all 28 targeted crops. Potato and eggplant were the most collected genepools, although the greatest number of primary genepool collections were made for rice. Overall, alfalfa, Bambara groundnut, grass pea and wheat were the genepools for which targets were best achieved. Several of the newly collected samples have already been used in pre-breeding programs to adapt crops to future challenges.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Manejo Multidisciplinario del Adenocarcinoma de Páncreas: Guía de Práctica Clínica AUNA

Introduction: This article provides recommendations for the Multidisciplinary Management of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma in the RED AUNA. Methods: A systematic search of clinical practice guidelines (CPG) similar to topics of interest was developed, it was assessed with the AGREE II instrument, a list of questions was elaborated under the PICO structure, a de novo search was carried out prioritizing reviews systematic with or without meta-analysis, followed by primary studies, the elaboration of the evidence tables and the evaluation of the global quality for the outcomes of the clinical questions was carried out following the GRADE methodology. Results: 5 PICO questions corresponding to initial management and systemic management were formulated with 18 recommendations regarding the most effective method for pathological diagnosis, biliary drainage and the most effective and safe systemic treatment in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant and metastatic setting. Conclusions: This article summarizes the methodology and evidence-based recommendations of the CPG for the multidisciplinary management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the AUNA Clinic Network.Introducción: Este artículo brinda recomendaciones para el Manejo Multidisciplinario del Adenocarcinoma de Páncreas en la RED AUNA. Métodos: Se desarrolló una búsqueda sistemática de guías de práctica clínica (GPC) similares al tópico de interés, se valoró con el instrumento AGREE II, se elaboró un listado de preguntas bajo la estructura PICO, se realizó una búsqueda de novo priorizando revisiones sistemáticas con o sin meta-análisis, seguida de estudios primarios, la elaboración de las tablas de evidencia y la evaluación de la calidad global para los desenlaces de las preguntas clínicas se realizó siguiendo la metodología GRADE. Resultados: Se formularon 5 preguntas PICO correspondientes al manejo inicial y manejo sistémico con 18 recomendaciones respecto al método más efectivo para el diagnóstico patológico, el drenaje biliar y el tratamiento sistémico más efectivo y seguro en el escenario neoadyuvante, adyuvante y metastásico. Conclusiones: El presente artículo resume la metodología y las recomendaciones basadas en evidencia de la GPC para el manejo multidisciplinario del Adenocarcinoma de páncreas de la Red de Clínicas AUNA

Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children

Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection are often non-specific, and there is no definitive test for the accurate diagnosis of infection. The 'omics' approaches to identifying biomarkers from the host-response to bacterial infection are promising. In this study, lipidomic analysis was carried out with plasma samples obtained from febrile children with confirmed bacterial infection (n = 20) and confirmed viral infection (n = 20). We show for the first time that bacterial and viral infection produces distinct profile in the host lipidome. Some species of glycerophosphoinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol sulfate were higher in the confirmed virus infected group, while some species of fatty acids, glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoserine, lactosylceramide and bilirubin were lower in the confirmed virus infected group when compared with confirmed bacterial infected group. A combination of three lipids achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.911 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98). This pilot study demonstrates the potential of metabolic biomarkers to assist clinicians in distinguishing bacterial from viral infection in febrile children, to facilitate effective clinical management and to the limit inappropriate use of antibiotics

Identification of regulatory variants associated with genetic susceptibility to meningococcal disease.

Non-coding genetic variants play an important role in driving susceptibility to complex diseases but their characterization remains challenging. Here, we employed a novel approach to interrogate the genetic risk of such polymorphisms in a more systematic way by targeting specific regulatory regions relevant for the phenotype studied. We applied this method to meningococcal disease susceptibility, using the DNA binding pattern of RELA - a NF-kB subunit, master regulator of the response to infection - under bacterial stimuli in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. We designed a custom panel to cover these RELA binding sites and used it for targeted sequencing in cases and controls. Variant calling and association analysis were performed followed by validation of candidate polymorphisms by genotyping in three independent cohorts. We identified two new polymorphisms, rs4823231 and rs11913168, showing signs of association with meningococcal disease susceptibility. In addition, using our genomic data as well as publicly available resources, we found evidences for these SNPs to have potential regulatory effects on ATXN10 and LIF genes respectively. The variants and related candidate genes are relevant for infectious diseases and may have important contribution for meningococcal disease pathology. Finally, we described a novel genetic association approach that could be applied to other phenotypes

Diseño estratégico de vanguardia

La integración del diseño con la vanguardia se observa natural, esto es, el diseño es una disciplina abductiva y la vanguardia persigue fines prospectivos, es decir, en ambos casos se trata de objetivos de posibilidad futura. De tal suerte, este libro, emanado de una parte de las ponencias rigurosamente arbitradas del Coloquio Internacional de Diseño 2016, está dividido en tres secciones o capítulos, a saber, el capítulo uno relacionado con la teoría y metodología para proyectos de diseño de vanguardia, el segundo sobre la tecnología, la innovación y la sostenibilidad de vanguardia de dichos proyectos, y finalmente el último capítulo, vinculado con la gestión estratégica de proyectos de vanguardia.La historia se forja de hechos e interpretaciones, de pasados construidos y de presentes en procesos constantes, estudiados en forma estricta por las ciencias. Por su parte, el futuro ostenta la posibilidad de ser indefinidamente planeado con base en las variopintas aproximaciones teóricas y empíricas que dan fundamento a este tipo de ciencia; éstas son denominadas prospectivas y sus bases vanguardias. Resulta importante señalar, que estas posibilidades sólo permiten tener una idea hipotética de lo que será la realidad y el mundo de vida de los seres vivos y su contexto, no obstante, se trata de la única manera racional que tiene el ser humano de prever ese futuro posible. Las distintas ciencias y disciplinas nos permiten construir históricamente estas posibilidades partiendo de datos, hechos, significados y un sinfín de informaciones que le dan cuerpo y sentido a tales posibilidades. En este sentido, la vanguardia, como base del conocimiento prospectivo, observa la necesidad de ser escrita, leída y discutida en los términos más estrictos con el fin de volver las predicciones más precisas. El diseño por su parte, es definido de manera sucinta como la disciplina proyectual estratégica y sistémica de la posibilidad, dirigida a procesos de significación utilitaria y simbólica para la comprensión –o interpretación– y modificación –o proyectación– de niveles de realidad (referentes y sujetos) desde diversos aparatos teóricos y empíricos –perspectivas disciplinarias–

All-cause mortality in the cohorts of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS) compared with the general population: 1997Ł2010

Abstract Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has produced significant changes in mortality of HIVinfected persons. Our objective was to estimate mortality rates, standardized mortality ratios and excess mortality rates of cohorts of the AIDS Research Network (RIS) (CoRIS-MD and CoRIS) compared to the general population. Methods: We analysed data of CoRIS-MD and CoRIS cohorts from 1997 to 2010. We calculated: (i) all-cause mortality rates, (ii) standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and (iii) excess mortality rates for both cohort for 100 personyears (py) of follow-up, comparing all-cause mortality with that of the general population of similar age and gender. Results: Between 1997 and 2010, 8,214 HIV positive subjects were included, 2,453 (29.9%) in CoRIS-MD and 5,761 (70.1%) in CoRIS and 294 deaths were registered. All-cause mortality rate was 1.02 (95% CI 0.91-1.15) per 100 py, SMR was 6.8 (95% CI 5.9-7.9) and excess mortality rate was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) per 100 py. Mortality was higher in patients with AIDS, hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, and those from CoRIS-MD cohort (1997. Conclusion: Mortality among HIV-positive persons remains higher than that of the general population of similar age and sex, with significant differences depending on the history of AIDS or HCV coinfection