Searches for clustering in the time integrated skymap of the ANTARES neutrino telescope

This paper reports a search for spatial clustering of the arrival directions of high energy muon neutrinos detected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope. An improved two-point correlation method is used to study the autocorrelation of 3058 neutrino candidate events as well as cross-correlations with other classes of astrophysical objects: sources of high energy gamma rays, massive black holes and nearby galaxies. No significant deviations from the isotropic distribution of arrival directions expected from atmospheric backgrounds are observed

Searches for Point-like and extended neutrino sources close to the Galactic Centre using the ANTARES neutrino Telescope

A search for cosmic neutrino sources using six years of data collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope has been performed. Clusters of muon neutrinos over the expected atmospheric background have been looked for. No clear signal has been found. The most signal-like accumulation of events is located at equatorial coordinates R.A. = -46 degrees.8 and decl. = -64 degrees.9 and corresponds to a 2.2 sigma background fluctuation. In addition, upper limits on the flux normalization of an E-2 muon neutrino energy spectrum have been set for 50 pre-selected astrophysical objects. Finally, motivated by an accumulation of seven events relatively close to the Galactic Center in the recently reported neutrino sample of the IceCube telescope, a search for point sources in a broad region around this accumulation has been carried out. No indication of a neutrino signal has been found in the ANTARES data and upper limits on the flux normalization of an E-2 energy spectrum of neutrinos from point sources in that region have been set. The 90% confidence level upper limits on the muon neutrino flux normalization vary between 3.5 and 5.1 x 10(-8) GeV cm(-2) s(-1), depending on the exact location of the source

A search for time dependent neutrino emission from microquasars with the ANTARES telescope

Results are presented on a search for neutrino emission from a sample of six microquasars, based on the data collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope between 2007 and 2010. By means of appropriate time cuts, the neutrino search has been restricted to the periods when the acceleration of relativistic jets was taking place at the microquasars under study. The time cuts have been chosen using the information from the X-ray telescopes RXTE/ASM and Swift/BAT, and, in one case, the gamma-ray telescope Fermi/LAT. No statistically significant excess has been observed, thus upper limits on the neutrino fluences have been derived and compared to the predictions by models. Constraints have been put on the ratio of proton to electron luminosity in the jets

Sperm whale long-range echolocation sounds revealed by ANTARES, a deep-sea neutrino telescope

[EN] Despite dedicated research has been carried out to adequately map the distribution of the sperm whale in the Mediterranean Sea, unlike other regions of the world, the species population status is still presently uncertain. The analysis of two years of continuous acoustic data provided by the ANTARES neutrino telescope revealed the year-round presence of sperm whales in the Ligurian Sea, probably associated with the availability of cephalopods in the region. The presence of the Ligurian Sea sperm whales was demonstrated through the real-time analysis of audio data streamed from a cabled-to- shore deep-sea observatory that allowed the hourly tracking of their long-range echolocation behaviour on the Internet. Interestingly, the same acoustic analysis indicated that the occurrence of surface shipping noise would apparently not condition the foraging behaviour of the sperm whale in the area, since shipping noise was almost always present when sperm whales were acoustically detected. The continuous presence of the sperm whale in the region confirms the ecological value of the Ligurian sea and the importance of ANTARES to help monitoring its ecosystemsThe authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat a lenergie atomique et aux energies alternatives (CEA), la Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), IdEx program and UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02), Region Ile-de-France (DIM-ACAV), Region Alsace (contrat CPER), Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Departement du Var and Ville de La Seyne-sur-Mer, France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; Council of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and leading scientific schools supporting grants, Russia; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO), Prometeo and Grisolia programs of Generalitat Valenciana and MultiDark, Spain; Agence de l'Oriental and CNRST, Morocco. We also acknowledge the technical support of Ifremer, AIM and Foselev Marine for the sea operation and the CC-IN2P3 for the computing facilitiesAndre, M.; Caballé, A.; Van Der Schaar, M.; Solsona, A.; Houégnigan, L.; Zaugg, S.; Sanchez, AM.... (2017). Sperm whale long-range echolocation sounds revealed by ANTARES, a deep-sea neutrino telescope. Scientific Reports. 7:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45517S1127Aguilar, J. A. et al. ANTARES: the first undersea neutrino telescope. Nucl Inst and Met Phys Res A. 656, 11–38 (2011a).Aguilar, J. A. et al. AMADEUS - The Acoustic Neutrino Detection Test System of the ANTARES Deep-Sea Neutrino Telescope -. Nucl Inst and Met Phys Res A. 626–627, 128–143 (2011b).Ruhl, H. et al. Societal need for improved understanding of climate change, anthropogenic impacts, and geo-hazard warning drive development of ocean observatories in European Seas. Prog Oceanog. 91, 1–33 (2011).Tamburini, C. et al. Deep-sea bioluminescence blooms after dense water formation at the ocean surface. PLoS One. 8(7), e67523. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067523 (2013).Van Haren, H. et al. Acoustic and optical variations during rapid downward motion episodes in the deep North Western Mediterranean. Deep Sea Res I. 58, 875–884 (2011).Van der Graaf, A. J. et al. European Marine Strategy Framework Directive - Good Environmental Status (MSFD GES): Report of the Technical Subgroup on Underwater noise and other forms of energy (2012).Hatch, L. T., Clark, C. W., Van Parijs, S. M., Frankel, A. S. & Ponirakis, D. W. Quantifying Loss of Acoustic Communication Space for Right Whales in and around a U.S. National Marine Sanctuary. Conserv Biol. 26, 983–994 (2012).André, M. et al. Low-frequency sounds induce acoustic trauma in cephalopods. Front. Ecol. Environ. 9, 489–493 (2011).Solé, M. et al. Does exposure to noise from human activities compromise sensory information from cephalopod statocysts? Deep Sea Res. II. 95, 160–181 (2013).Solé, M. et al. Ultrastructural damage of Loligo vulgaris and Illex coindetii statocysts after low frequency sound exposure. PLoS One 8(10), e78825. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078825 (2013).André, M. et al. Listening to the Deep: Live monitoring of ocean noise and cetacean acoustic signals. Mar Pollut Bull. 63, 18–26 (2011).Whitehead, H. Sperm whales: social evolution in the ocean(The University of Chicago Press, Chicaho, 2003).Mohl, B., Wahlberg, M., Madsen, P. T., Heerfordt, A. & Lund, A. The monopulsed nature of sperm whale clicks. J Acous Soc Am. 114, 1143–1154 (2003).André, M., Johansson, T., Delory, E. & van der Schaar, M. Foraging on squid: the sperm whale mid-range sonar. Jour Mar Biol Assoc. 87, 59–67 (2007).Madsen, P., Wahlberg, M. & Møhl, B. Male sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) acoustics in a high-latitude habitat: implications for echolocation and communication. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 53, 31, doi: 10.1007/s00265-002-0548-1 (2002).Gannier, A., Drouot, V. & Goold, J. C. Distribution and relative abundance of sperm whales in the Mediterranean Sea . Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 243, 281–293 (2000).Drouot, V., Gannier, A. & Gould, J. C. Summer social distribution of sperm whales in the Mediterranean Sea. J Mar Biol Ass. 84, 675–680 (2004).Pavan, G. et al. G. Short Term and Long Term Bioacoustic Monitoring of the Marine Environment. Results from NEMO ONDE Experiment and Way Ahead in Computational bioacoustics for assessing biodiversity . Proceedings of the International Expert meeting on IT-based detection of bioacoustical patterns(ed. Frommolt, K. H., Rolf Bardeli, R. & Clausen, M. ) 7–14 (Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, 2008).Frantzis, A. et al. Sperm whale presence off South-West Crete, Eastern Mediterranean Sea in Proc. 13th Ann. Conf. ECS. 214–217 (Eur Res Cet, Valencia, 1999).Notarbartolo-Di-Sciara, G. Sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus, in the Mediterranean Sea: a summary of status, threats, and conservation recommendations. Aquatic Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 24, 4–10. doi: 10.1002/aqc.2409 (2014).Pace, D. S., Mussi, B., Gordon, J. C. D. & Würtz, M. Ecology, Behaviour and Conservation of Sperm Whale in the Mediterranean Sea in Aquatic Conserv . Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 24 (ed. Wiley, J. ) 1–118 (Wiley Online library, 2014).Rendell, L. E. & Frantzis, A. Mediterranean sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus: the precarious state of a lost tribe In Medit. Mar. Mam. Ecol. Cons. 75 (ed. Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Podestà, M. P. & Curry, B. E. ) 37–74, doi: 10.1016/bs.amb.2016.08.001 (Advances in Marine Biology, Academic Press/Elsevier, 2016).Di Natale, A. & Notarbartolo di Sciara, G. A review of the passive fishing nets and trap fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea and of the cetacean bycatch In Gillnets and cetaceans(ed. Perrin, W. F., Donovan, G. P. & Barlow, J. ) 189–202 (Rep Int Whal Comm, 1994).Jaquet, N., Whitehead, H. & Lewis, M. Relationship between sperm whale distribution and primary productivity over large spatial scale in the Pacific ocean. Eur Res Cet. 9, 188–192 (1995).Millot, C. Circulation in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Oceanol Acta. 10, 143–150 (1987).Morel, A. & André, J. M. Pigment distribution and primary production in the Western Mediterranean as derived from coastal zone color scanner observations. J Geophy Res. 96, 2685–12698 (1991).Crépon, M., Wald, L. & Monget, J. M. Low-frequency waves in the Ligurian Sea during December 1977. J Geophys Res. 87, 595–600 (1982).Prieur, L. & Sathyendranath, S. An optical classification of coastal and oceanic waters based on the specific spectral absorption curves of phytoplankton pigments, dissolved organic matter, and other particulate materials. Limnol Oceanogr. 26, 671–89 (1981).Kawakami, T. A review of sperm whale food. 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Constraining the neutrino emission of gravitationally lensed Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars with ANTARES data

This paper proposes to exploit gravitational lensing effects to improve the sensitivity of neutrino telescopes to the intrinsic neutrino emission of distant blazar populations. This strategy is illustrated with a search for cosmic neutrinos in the direction of four distant and gravitationally lensed Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars. The magnification factor is estimated for each system assuming a singular isothermal profile for the lens. Based on data collected from 2007 to 2012 by the ANTARES neutrino telescope, the strongest constraint is obtained from the lensed quasar B0218+357, providing a limit on the total neutrino luminosity of this source of 1.08 x 10(46) erg s(-1) This limit is about one order of magnitude lower than those previously obtained in the ANTARES standard point source searches with non-lensed Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars

Time-dependent search for neutrino emission from X-ray binaries with the ANTARES telescope

[EN] ANTARES is currently the largest neutrino telescope operating in the Northern Hemisphere, aiming at the detection of high-energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources. Neutrino telescopes constantly monitor at least one complete hemisphere of the sky, and are thus well-suited to detect neutrinos produced in transient astrophysical sources. A time-dependent search has been applied to a list of 33 X-ray binaries undergoing high flaring activities in satellite data (RXTE/ASM, MAXI and Swift/BAT) and during hardness transi-tion states in the 2008 2012 period. The background originating from interactions of charged cosmic rays in the Earth s atmosphere is drastically reduced by requiring a directional and temporal coincidence with astrophysical phenomena. The results of this search are presented together with comparisons between the neutrino flux upper limits and the neutrino flux predictions from astrophysical models. The neutrino flux upper limits resulting from this search limit the jet parameter space for some astrophysical models.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat a l'energie atomique et aux energies alternatives (CEA), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), IdEx program and UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02), Labex OCEVU (ANR-11-LABX-0060) and the A* MIDEX project (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02), Region Ile-de-France (DIM-ACAV), Region Alsace (contrat CPER), Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Departement du Var and Ville de La Seyne-sur-Mer, France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Nederlandse organisatie voor Weten-schappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; Council of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and leading scientific schools supporting grants, Russia; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO): Plan Estatal de Investigacion (refs. FPA2015-65150-C3-1-P, -2-P and -3-P, (MINECO/FEDER)), Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MINECO), and Prometeo and Grisolia programs (Generalitat Valenciana), Spain; Agence de l'Oriental and CNRST, Morocco. We also acknowledge the technical support of Ifremer, AIM and Foselev Marine for the sea operation and the CC-IN2P3 for the computing facilitiesAlbert, A.; Andre, M.; Anton, G.; Ardid Ramírez, M.; Aubert, J.; Avgitas, T.; Baret, B.... (2017). Time-dependent search for neutrino emission from X-ray binaries with the ANTARES telescope. JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS. 4(19):1-23. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/04/019S123419Vila, G. S., Romero, G. E., & Casco, N. A. (2012). An inhomogeneous lepto-hadronic model for the radiation of relativistic jets. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 538, A97. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118106Pepe, C., Vila, G. S., & Romero, G. E. (2015). Lepto-hadronic model for the broadband emission of Cygnus X-1. 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Search of Dark Matter Annihilation in the Galactic Centre using the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope

A search for high-energy neutrinos coming from the direction of the GalacticCentre is performed using the data recorded by the ANTARES neutrino telescopefrom 2007 to 2012. The event selection criteria are chosen to maximise thesensitivity to possible signals produced by the self-annihilation of weaklyinteracting massive particles accumulated around the centre of the Milky Waywith respect to the atmospheric background. After data unblinding, the numberof neutrinos observed in the line of sight of the Galactic Centre is found tobe compatible with background expectations. The 90% C.L. upper limits in termsof the neutrino+anti-neutrino flux, $\rm \Phi_{\nu_{\mu}+\bar{\nu}_\mu}$, andthe velocity averaged annihilation cross-section, $\rm$, arederived for the WIMP self-annihilation channels into \rmb\bar{b},W^{+}W^{-},\tau^{+}\tau^{-},\mu^{+}\mu^{-},\nu\bar{\nu}. The ANTARESlimits for $\rm$ are shown to be the most stringent for aneutrino telescope over the WIMP masses $\rm 25\,GeV < M_{WIMP} < 10\,TeV$

ANTARES constrains a blazar origin of two IceCube PeV neutrino events

Context. The source(s) of the neutrino excess reported by the IceCube Collaboration is unknown. The TANAMI Collaboration recently reported on the multiwavelength emission of six bright, variable blazars which are positionally coincident with two of the most energetic IceCube events. Objects like these are prime candidates to be the source of the highest-energy cosmic rays, and thus of associated neutrino emission. Aims. We present an analysis of neutrino emission from the six blazars using observations with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. Methods. The standard methods of the ANTARES candidate list search are applied to six years of data to search for an excess of muons ¿ and hence their neutrino progenitors ¿ from the directions of the six blazars described by the TANAMI Collaboration, and which are possibly associated with two IceCube events. Monte Carlo simulations of the detector response to both signal and background particle fluxes are used to estimate the sensitivity of this analysis for different possible source neutrino spectra. A maximum-likelihood approach, using the reconstructed energies and arrival directions of through-going muons, is used to identify events with properties consistent with a blazar origin. Results. Both blazars predicted to be the most neutrino-bright in the TANAMI sample (1653−329 and 1714−336) have a signal flux fitted by the likelihood analysis corresponding to approximately one event. This observation is consistent with the blazar-origin hypothesis of the IceCube event IC 14 for a broad range of blazar spectra, although an atmospheric origin cannot be excluded. No ANTARES events are observed from any of the other four blazars, including the three associated with IceCube event IC20. This excludes at a 90% confidence level the possibility that this event was produced by these blazars unless the neutrino spectrum is flatter than −2.4