Radiation effects on CMOS image sensors with sub-2µm pinned photodiodes

A group of four commercial sensors with pixel pitches below 2μm has been irradiated with 60Co source at several total ionizing dose levels related to space applications. A phenomenological approach is proposed through behavior analysis of multiple sensors embedding different technological choices (pitch, isolation or buried oxide). A complete characterization including dark current, activation energy and temporal noise analysis allows to discuss about a degradation scheme

Radiation Effects on CMOS Image Sensors With Sub-2 µm Pinned Photodiodes

CMOS image sensor hardness under irradiation is a key parameter for application fields such as space or medical. In this paper, four commercial sensors featuring different technological characteristics (pitch, isolation or buried oxide) have been irradiated with 60Co source. Based on dark current and temporal noise analysis, we develop and propose a phenomenological model to explain pixel performance degradation

Rad Tolerant CMOS Image Sensor Based on Hole Collection 4T Pixel Pinned Photodiode

1.4μm pixel pitch CMOS Image sensors based on hole collection pinned photodiode (HPD) have been irradiated with 60Co source. The HPD sensors exhibit much lower dark current degradation than equivalent commercial sensors using an Electron collection Pinned Photodiode (EPD). This hardness improvement is mainly attributed to carrier accumulation near the interfaces induced by the generated positive charges in dielectrics. The pre-eminence of this image sensor based on hole collection pinned photodiode architectures in ionizing environments is demonstrated

Corrigendum: Investigating genetic diversity within the most abundant and prevalent non-pathogenic leaf-associated bacteria interacting with Arabidopsis thaliana in natural habitats

International audienc

The complete genome sequence of Xanthomonas albilineans provides new insights into the reductive genome evolution of the xylem-limited Xanthomonadaceae

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The <it>Xanthomonadaceae </it>family contains two xylem-limited plant pathogenic bacterial species, <it>Xanthomonas albilineans </it>and <it>Xylella fastidiosa</it>. <it>X. fastidiosa </it>was the first completely sequenced plant pathogen. It is insect-vectored, has a reduced genome and does not possess <it>hrp </it>genes which encode a Type III secretion system found in most plant pathogenic bacteria. <it>X. fastidiosa </it>was excluded from the <it>Xanthomonas </it>group based on phylogenetic analyses with rRNA sequences.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The complete genome of <it>X. albilineans </it>was sequenced and annotated. <it>X. albilineans</it>, which is not known to be insect-vectored, also has a reduced genome and does not possess <it>hrp </it>genes. Phylogenetic analysis using <it>X. albilineans </it>genomic sequences showed that <it>X. fastidiosa </it>belongs to the <it>Xanthomonas </it>group. Order of divergence of the <it>Xanthomonadaceae </it>revealed that <it>X. albilineans </it>and <it>X. fastidiosa </it>experienced a convergent reductive genome evolution during their descent from the progenitor of the <it>Xanthomonas </it>genus. Reductive genome evolutions of the two xylem-limited <it>Xanthomonadaceae </it>were compared in light of their genome characteristics and those of obligate animal symbionts and pathogens.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The two xylem-limited <it>Xanthomonadaceae</it>, during their descent from a common ancestral parent, experienced a convergent reductive genome evolution. Adaptation to the nutrient-poor xylem elements and to the cloistered environmental niche of xylem vessels probably favoured this convergent evolution. However, genome characteristics of <it>X. albilineans </it>differ from those of <it>X. fastidiosa </it>and obligate animal symbionts and pathogens, indicating that a distinctive process was responsible for the reductive genome evolution in this pathogen. The possible role in genome reduction of the unique toxin albicidin, produced by <it>X. albilineans</it>, is discussed.</p

Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ‘‘Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Altimetry for the future: building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Résection à visée curatrice de métastase hépatiques de cancers colorectaux initialement non résécables,après chimiothérapie par FOLFIRINOX

Objectifs de l'étude: Déterminer le taux de résection chirurgicale complète des métastases hépatiques non résécables d'emblée après chimiothérapie selon le protocole FOLFIRlNOX ou ERBIRlNOX et réaliser une analyse descriptive et de survie de la population prise en charge chirurgicalement au CRLC Val d'Aurelle. Matériels et méthodes: Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective d'une série de 36 patients recensés entre octobre 2000 et décembre 2009. Le suivi a été mené jusqu'en décembre 2010. Les caractéristiques de la tumeur primitive, des métastases hépatiques après relecture scanographique, les paramètres chirurgicaux et les données postopératoires ont été analysées. Une comparaison entre les sous-groupes de patients opérés d'une chirurgie hépatique en un temps et d'une chirurgie séquentielle a été effectuée. Résultats: Sur les 100 patients ayant reçu la chimiothérapie, 36 ont été jugés résécabies en préopératoire et 28 ontété réséqués complètement. Le nombre moyen de métastases hépatiques était de 7,6 par patient, leur taille maximale de 50 mm (21-132) et leur répartition bilobaire dans 76% des cas. 21 patients ont été opérés en un temps et 12 planifiés pour une chirurgie séquentielle. 58% des patients opérés en deux temps ont été au terme de la procédure. Aucun patient n'est décédé en postopératoire et la morbidité était faible (34% dont 89% de grade 1 et II de la classification de Dindo). Après un suivi médian de 39 mois, les survies globale et sans récidive à 5 ans des patients en résection complète étaient respectivement de 38% et 12%. Conclusion: Cette étude confirme les bons résultats oncologiques des patients en résection complète. Ceci peut êtrt expliqué par l'efficacité de la chimiothérapie par Fo!frrinox, par le choix de la stratégie chirurgicale qui est adaptée à chaque situation clinique et par le faible taux de morbimortalité.MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine (341722104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Transcriptome-Based Identification of the Sinorhizobium meliloti NodD1 Regulon

The NodD1 regulon of Sinorhizobium meliloti was determined through the analysis of the S. meliloti transcriptome in response to the plant flavone luteolin and the overexpression of nodD1. Nine new genes regulated by both NodD1 and luteolin were identified, demonstrating that NodD1 controls few functions behind nodulation in S. meliloti