Uso del conocimiento científico de estudiantes de pregrado de educación diferencial

The objectives of the study were to describe the scientific knowledge of undergraduate students of differential education and to compare with other national studies. We studied 79 students of differential education from a University of Santiago (Chile). Seventy-nine (02 male and 77 female) undergraduate students were selected in a non-probabilistic (intentional) manner in 2017 of the differential education ca- reer at the Universidad Católica Silva Henriquez (UCSH) in Santiago, Chile. The age range ranges from 17 to 27 years. The technique of the survey was used and the instrument used was a questionnaire of the use of scientific knowledge. The results indicate that the use of scientific knowledge of students studying differential education is similar in relation to their counterparts from another university. In addition, the levels reached in the search of information, the transfer of knowledge and the contribution to the knowledge in relation to other professional careers of education sciences are also similar. The results suggest more deeply insightful research skills and attitudes from the initial levels in differential education students, so that in the future they can perform successfully in their professional activities.Los objetivos del estudio fueron describir el conocimiento científico de estudiantes de pregrado de Educación Diferencial y compararlos con otros estudios nacionales. Se estudió a 79 estudiantes de Educación Diferencial de una Universidad de Santiago (Chile). Fueron seleccionados de forma no probabilística (intencionada) 79 (02 hombres y 77 mujeres) estudiantes de pre grado de ingreso año 2017 de la carrera de Educación Diferencial de la Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez (UCSH) de Santiago de Chile. El rango de edad oscila entre 17 a 27 años. Se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y el instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario del uso del conocimiento científico. Los resultados indican que el uso del conocimiento científico de los alumnos que estudian Educación Diferencial es similar en relación a sus contrapartes de otra universidad. Además, los niveles alcanzados en la búsqueda de información, la transferencia del conocimiento y la contribución al conocimiento en relación a otras carreras profesionales de ciencias de la educación, también son similares. Los resultados sugieren insentivar con mayor profundidad las habilidades y actitudes investigativas desde los niveles iniciales en los estudiante de Educación Diferencial, para que en el futuro puedan desempeñarse con éxito en sus actividades profesionales

Knowledge, Fiction, and the Other in Cervantes’s La Gitanilla.

In recent years, a number of critics have brought the history of science as well as more contemporary scientific approaches to bear on Spanish baroque literature and culture with positive results (a little pun for you there, Moi). Scholars such Amy Williamsen, David Castillo and Massimo Lollini, Vicente Pérez de León, William Egginton, and Carroll Johnson, among others, have illuminated the struggles taking place between emergent, modern scientific paradigms and residual natural philosophies and how Cervantes’s aesthetic experiments perform and problematize these paradigms and their collisions. The goal of this paper is to reframe these discussions according to contemporary scientific models of inquiry in order to demonstrate how Cervantes’s timely marriage of poiesis and scientific knowledge not only questions early modern assumptions about scientific knowledge but our own as well

Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely highpowered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores, respectively). Cumulatively, variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIP

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Gender Equality and Maternal Burnout : A 40-Country Study

In Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequalities have been greatly reduced in areas such as education or employment. Because inequalities lead to distress, this development has largely benefited women. One notable exception is the realm of parenting, which has remained rife with inequalities even in the most egalitarian countries. We hypothesized that experiencing inequality in parenting when one holds egalitarian values and raising a child in a country characterized by a high level of gender equality in other areas, increases mothers’ psychological distress in the specific area of parenting. Multilevel modeling analyses computed among 11,538 mothers from 40 countries confirmed this prediction: high egalitarian values at the individual level and high gender equality at the societal level are associated with higher burnout levels in mothers. The associations hold beyond differences in sociodemographic characteristics at the individual level and beyond economic disparities at the societal level. These findings show the importance of egalitarian values and gender equality and their paradoxical effect when inequalities are still present in specific areas as parenting. This study reveals the crucial need to act not only at the micro level but also at the macro level to promote gender equality in parenting and prevent parental burnout.peerReviewe