RESÍDUOS DE CURTUMES: ESTUDO DAS TENDÊNCIAS DE PESQUISA

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611705779Taking waste from tanneries as a research subject, this study identified the trends of theseinvestigations through the review of recent publications. Have been identified four factors:toxicity, treatment technologies, economic value and ecological efficiency. The analysis ofpublications showed that it is a fruitful field for further research in various scientific fields relatedto technical and management areas, besides of their combination in interdisciplinary scopes. Newstudies are necessary before the predominant framework of environmental depletion, low ecoefficiencyof industrial processes and incipient economic use of waste.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611705779Tomando os resíduos de curtumes como objeto de pesquisa, este estudo revisou 41 publicações Science Direct do período de jan/2010 a jun/2011, procurando identificar as tendências das investigações científicas. Foram identificadas quatro vertentes de estudos: toxicidade e mutageneidade (5 publicações), tecnologias de tratamento (20 publicações), valorização econômica (11 publicações) e ecologia, ecoeficiência e gestão (5 publicações). O artigo apresenta uma resenha de cada uma dessas publicações, com informações sobre objetivos e principais resultados. A análise das publicações mostrou tratar-se de campo profícuo para novas investigações em diversos ramos científicos relacionados tanto às áreas técnicas como de gestão, além da sua combinação, em escopos interdisciplinares. Novas pesquisas fazem-se necessárias diante do predominante quadro de depleção ambiental, baixa ecoeficiência dos processos industriais e incipiente aproveitamento econômico dos resíduos

Redução de DQO de efluentes de curtume por foto-eletro-oxidação

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Electrodialysis for the tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater: Efficiency of ion removal and ageing of ion exchange membranes

[EN] Electrodialysis was applied as a tertiary treatment for effluents from a Brazilian sewage treatment plant, and the results are discussed in terms of membrane ageing and process efficiency. Current-voltage analysis and electrodialysis (ED) treatment were performed in a bench cell. The treatment was discontinuously carried out for 930 h within one year. During the experiments, samples were collected for evaluation, and the pH, conductivity and ion concentration were monitored. Thermogravimetric analyses of the membrane were also performed. A reduction in electrical conductivity and the high ion percentage extraction demonstrated the efficiency of the ED treatment, confirming the possibility of using ED as a tertiary treatment for sewage. ED showed 100% effectiveness in terms of meeting the quality standards established by Brazilian legislation on the discharge of effluents. Additionally, important corrosive (Cl-) and encrusting ions (Ca-2 +/- and Mg-2 +/- ) that limit certain industrial uses of water were satisfactorily removed, giving the treated effluent a suitable quality for industrial purposes. The treatment did not suffer harmful fouling effects in terms of ion extraction in the membrane ageing study, indicating the possibility of long-term treatment without requiring cleaning for the membranes; however, this needs to be validated by scaling up the process.The authorswish to thank the Municipality of Novo Hamburgo-RS, COMUSA (water and sewerage services to Novo Hamburgo), in partnership (No. 0004/2013) with Feevale University, and financial support from FAPERGS, FINEP-TECSANTA - Produtos e Processos: Desenvolvimento e aplicacao de tecnologias limpas ao saneamento ambiental (Grant Number 0113031300/ref.: 1099/13), CAPES, CNPq (Grant number 170283/2017-8), SCIT and BNDES (Brazil).Rodrigues Gally, C.; Benvenuti, T.; Da Trinidade, CDM.; Siqueira Rodrigues, MA.; Zoppas Ferreira, J.; Pérez-Herranz, V.; Moura Bernardes, A. (2018). Electrodialysis for the tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater: Efficiency of ion removal and ageing of ion exchange membranes. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 6(5):5855-5869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.07.052S585558696

RECUPERAÇÃO DE BANHOS DE CROMO VI PELA TÉCNICA DE ELETRODIÁLISE

A vasta utilização do cromo e seus compostos pelas indústrias modernas resulta na descarga degrandes quantidades desse elemento no ambiente. As tecnologias convencionais de tratamento deresíduos têm estado, tradicionalmente, centradas na destruição dos contaminantes contidos nosmesmos, nas chamadas “tecnologias fim de tubo”. Este trabalho tem por objetivo geral a purificaçãodos banhos de cromo contaminados com Cr(III) e Al pela técnica de eletrodiálise. Foram testadassete membranas catiônicas de diferentes marcas (Nafion, Selemion, Ultrex, Ionics, Ionac e PCA). Foiutilizada uma célula de teflon de dois compartimentos, na qual o compartimento anódico continha80 ml do banho contaminado com alumínio e o catódico 80 ml de H2SO4 20%. A corrente aplicadafoi de 100 mA. O tempo de ensaio foi de 6 horas e foram coletadas amostras no período de 1 horano compartimento catódico. O Cr(VI) foi analisado porque durante os ensaios se notou coloraçãoamarelada da solução no compartimento catódico, evidenciando a difusão do Cr(VI) através dasmembranas. Os resultados indicam que há difusão de Cr(VI) através das membranas utilizadas, come sem aplicação de corrente. A passagem de Cr(III) e Al é influenciada pela corrente aplicada e pelotipo de membrana utilizada

Checklist of the dipterofauna (Insecta) from Roraima, Brazil, with special reference to the Brazilian Ecological Station of Maracá

Roraima is a Brazilian state located in the northern portion of the Amazon basin, with few studies regarding its biodiversity. The Ecological Station of Maracá (Brazil, state of Roraima) harbors the third largest Brazilian pluvial island and is composed of a transitional landscape of savanna and Amazon rainforest components. Despite its ecological importance and strategic localization, few studies covered the dipterofauna of this locality. An updated checklist addressing 41 families of true flies (Diptera) occurring in Roraima is presented based on the literature and the specimens collected during a field expedition that occurred in 2015. This checklist brings several improvements such as new records of 165 taxa to the state of Roraima, 29 taxa to Brazil, and 259 morphotypes, mostly likely representing undescribed species

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016