“Programa De Pedagogía De La Ternura En Las Conductas Agresivas En Niños De Cinco Años De Una Institución Educativa De Bambamarca”

El presente estudio se realizó para demostrar que el programa basado en la pedagogía de la ternura disminuye las conductas agresivas en los niños y niñas de cinco años de la I.E.N° 2047 de Bambamarca , donde se consideró como hipótesis: El programa de pedagogía de la ternura disminuye significativamente las conductas agresivas en los niños y niñas de cinco años de la I.E.N° 2047 de Bambamarca. La técnica que se utilizó para la obtención de datos fue la encuesta con la cual se consideró el test como instrumento para recaudar información acerca de la conducta agresiva, el cual estuvo distribuido en tres dimensiones: agresividad física, agresividad verbal y agresividad material. El estudio llegó a las siguientes conclusiones: Se demostró que el programa de pedagogía de la ternura disminuye significativamente las conductas agresivas en los niños y niñas de cinco años de la I.E.N° 2047 de Bambamarca. Al comparar los resultados del pre test y pos test se encontró una disminución significante en la dimensión agresión Física después de aplicar el programa basado en la pedagogía de la ternura. Al evaluar los resultados del pre test y pos test se encontró una disminución significante en la dimensión agresión verbal después de aplicar el programa basado en la pedagogía de la ternura. En los resultados del pre test y pos test se encontró una disminución significante en la dimensión agresión física después de aplicar el programa basado en la pedagogía de la ternura

Biopesticide of Neem Obtained by Enzyme-Assisted Extraction: An Alternative to Improve the Pest Control

The indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases without technical assistance instead of solving the pest problems has caused environmental damage, agriculture productivity, and human health. Pesticides can remain for several years in the soil, being able to contaminate rivers and lagoons, animals of shepherding and foods. Besides, in recent years, pests have shown an alarmingly resistance over several pesticides. This makes necessary the use of other natural sources of pesticides that could be degraded avoiding the resistance problem. One of the main sources analyzed is the neem (Azadirachta indica) due to its complex content of bioactive triterpenoids. However, cellulosic structures of cell wall conditioned the extraction of these components, acting as physical barrier and avoiding its complete extraction. This chapter included a review of the consequences of the use of chemical pesticides to control pests spread in plant and animals and its repercussions on the environment. Moreover, the advantages of the use of food-grade enzyme preparations as an alternative to elaborate an extract of neem without organic solvents are exposed. The results are promissory and could improve the acaricide and repellent effects of the neem extracts over pests, reducing the negative effect caused by chemical pesticides

Metales tóxicos en polvos de una avenida de alto aforo vehicular de la Ciudad de México

En este estudio se determinó la concentración de metales totales de plomo, cadmio, hierro, zinc y cobre en muestras de polvo recolectadas de la avenida Paseo de la Reforma con diferente intensidad de tráfico. La extracción de metales en polvos se llevó a cabo mediante digestión ácida y los análisis se realizaron por espectroscopia de absorción atómica. Los niveles encontrados siguieron el orden Fe>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd en todos los sitios de muestreo, los cuales oscilaron entre 64027 a 36734; 239 a 83; 128 a 67; 44 a 18 y 2 a 5 mg/kg respectivamente. Los sitios con mayor presencia de metales tóxicos son la glorieta de San Marín y Cuauhtémoc y la de menor concentración es la glorieta del Ángel de la Independencia. El coeficiente correlación de Spearman, demostró una fuerte asociación entre metales, flujo vehicular y sitios de muestreo, además confirmó la contribución de las fuentes antropogénicas como el flujo vehicular, fugas de aceite, desgaste de piezas metálicas, entre otrasIn this study the concentration of total metals lead, cadmium, iron, zinc and copper in dust samples collected from the Paseo de la Reforma Avenue with different traffic intensity was determined. The metal extraction of powders was carried out by acid digestion whereas analyzes were performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The levels found followed Fe> Pb> Cu> Zn> Cd order in all sampling sites, which ranged from 64,027 to 36,734; 239-83; 128-67; 44-18 and 2 to 5 mg/kg respectively. The sites with greater presence of toxic metals are the square of San Marin and Cuauhtémoc and the lowest concentration is the square of the Angel of Independence. The coefficient Spearman correlation showed a strong association between metals, traffic flow and sampling sites, also confirmed the contribution of anthropogenic sources such as traffic flow, oil leaks, wear of metal parts, among others

Formulaciones granulares de baculovirus en combinación con abrillantadores ópticos para su empleo como bioinsecticida

El virus de la poliedrosis nuclear con inclusiones múltiples de Anagrapha falcifera (AfMNPV) es un bioplaguicida con potencial para el control de lepi- dópteros plaga de cultivos en América. Aquí se re- porta la actividad insecticida del AfMNPV contra larvas de Trichoplusia ni, Heliothis virescens y Spodoptera exigua, evaluada por ensayo de gota teñi- da. El AfMNPV producido en H. virescens fue sig- nificativamente menos activo contra H. virescens en comparación con el virus homólogo (HzSNPV). El lote de AfMNPV producido en T. ni fue muy acti- vo contra T. ni, mientras que el obtenido en H. virescens fue menos activo por un logaritmo. La ac- tividad insecticida de AfMNPV contra S. exigua, con todos los lotes producidos, fue muy baja (LC50 > 108 OB/ml). El formulado granular de AfMNPV con lignina en combinación con fagoestimulantes (almidón y harina de maíz, pan molido y germen de trigo) y abrillantadores ópticos (Tinopal UNPA- GX, Blankophor BBU) no afectó su actividad con- tra T. ni y H. virescens. El AfMNPV sin formular perdió actividad de ~1 logaritmo después de almacenarlo por 90 días a 25oC, mientras que el formulado con una humedad de ~10% perdió ~3 logaritmos. El formulado almacenado a 4oC mejoró la estabilidad, conservando ~50% de la activi- dad original (%OAR) después de cuatro meses, y >30% OAR después de ocho meses. Se requieren de más estudios para mejorar la estabilidad duran- te el almacenaje

Susceptibility of Larvae of Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to the Insecticides Methyl Parathion and Carbofuran, 2011

Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) is widely known as a colonizer on corpses. In the state of Nuevo León, Mexico, it has been usually found as part of the cadaveric fauna of human corpses, in “necro” traps with pigs, and in bottle traps with carrion. In the archives of the Attorney General of the State of Nuevo Leon, there is abundant evidence that criminals have used organophosphate and carbamate insecticides to poison persons and cause death. The trial was conducted at the Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas of Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León and Instituto de Criminalística y Servicios Periciales of Procuradurı´a General de Justicia del Estado de Nuevo León, on larvae of Ch. rufifacies collected from human cadavers used for forensic research. In this study, bioassays were performed in 250-ml polyethylene terephthalate containers containing 13.5 g of beef liver paste ground in a blender to which was added 1.5 ml of insecticide solution and subsequently mixed with a wooden applicator. Distilled water rather than insecticide was used for check treatments. Groups of 20 larvae of each stadium were exposed for 24 h to either treatment or check containers, with three replications for each insecticide concentration. Containers were placed in a bioclimatic chamber (ThermoScientific, model 3759; Marietta, OH), set at 2761C and 70610% RH, with a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h. After the 24-h exposure time, the number of dead larvae was recorded, where the criterion of mortality was immobility as the response to a mechanical stimulus. The insecticide formulations tested, Parathion metilico 720 (methyl parathion) and Furadan 350 L (carbofuran), were diluted in distilled water to make a stock solution of 1,000 mg/ml of active ingredient (AI) which was then further diluted for each bioassay and recorded as mg AI per g of beef liver. AI concentrations resulting in mortality from 10 to 90% of larvae are shown in Table 1 with the LC50 and corresponding confidence interval (95% CI) for each AI determined by log-Probit analysis using SPSS version 17.0 shown in Table 2. The LC50 values of both AIs differed significantly at each larval stadium, with larvae more susceptible to carbofuran than to methyl parathion. The LC50 values in all three larval stadia are in the ranges of concentrations that might be expected in a human poisoned with these insecticides. The purpose of the study was to determine the susceptibility of larvae of Ch. rufifacies to the insecticides to complement the medical and chemistry analysis in the estimation of the concentration of toxic at the time of death, when the corpses are at advanced decay

Improved Microbial Safety of Direct Ozone-Depurated Shellstock Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) by Superchilled Storage

The effect of superchilled storage at -1°C on the microbial safety of oyster depurated with 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/L ozone was studied for 14 days. Fecal coliforms (4,100–16,000 MPN/100 g), Escherichia coli (1,500–3,650 MPN/100 g), Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 (13.0–102.0 MPN/g), and Salmonella spp. (2.270–3.035 × 103 CFU/g) were initially present in raw oysters. After 6 h depuration, fecal coliform counts decreased (P < 0.05) to 300, 20 and 20 MPN/100 g for 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/L treatments, while a 0.3 log decrease in control oysters was observed. Initial E. coli counts decreased (P < 0.05) in oysters to 50, 20, and 20 MPN/100 g for 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/L treatments, respectively. A 1 log reduction in V. cholerae non-O1/non-139 levels were observed in 0.4 and 0.6 mg/L-treatments after 2 and 4 h depuration. Salmonella spp. was not detected in oyster samples after 6 h depuration in 0.4 and 0.6 mg/L-ozone treatments. Considering the bacterial loads after depuration, at the end of superchilled storage the 0.4 mg/L-ozonated oysters attained lower (P < 0.05) fecal coliform levels (280 MPN/100 g) and E. coli counts in 0.4 and 0.6 mg/L-ozonated oysters (20 and 95 MPN/100 g, respectively). A 2-log decrease in V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 levels on day 5 in 0.4 and 0.6 mg/L-ozonated oysters (< 0.3 MPN/g) was attained. V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 counts in control oysters decreased 1 log on day 9 of superchilled storage. Salmonella spp. was not detected in ozonated and superchilled stored oysters. Levels of fecal coliforms, E. coli, Salmonella spp., and V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 in non-ozone depurated oyster samples were higher than in control, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/L ozonated oyster samples during superchilled storage. The cumulative mortality rates after 14 days of storage for superchilled oysters (22.2%) was higher (P < 0.05) than 0.6 mg/L O3 (7.2%) and 0.4 mg/L O3 (5.8%) treatments, and control oysters (5.6%). pH values in control oysters decreased significantly (P < 0.05) throughout the storage period but not in oysters of both ozone treatments, indicating no detrimental effects on oyster survival. The results of this study suggest that superchilled storage enables ozonated shellstock oysters (0.4 mg/L-6 h) stored for 9 days to be safe human consumption

Reporte de atención clínica integral

El Proyecto de Aplicación Profesional en Atención Clínica Interdisciplinaria tuvo como objetivo general ofrecer servicios de atención y orientación profesional a los consultantes que la solicitaron para encontrar respuesta a los diferentes motivos de consulta psicológica y nutricional. Se les brindó el acompañamiento psicológico y nutricional a niños, adolescentes, adultos y familias en los siguientes escenarios: el Centro de Atención Psicológica, Centros de Desarrollo Comunitario del DIF Zapopan como DIF Arenales Tapatíos, DIF Santa María del Pueblito, DIF Santa Ana Tepetitlán Centro Polanco, Bufete Jurídico Clínica Ignacio Ellacuría y Clínica Nutricia. El proyecto ofreció principalmente espacios de atención en modalidad presencial y algunos en línea, donde se atendieron problemáticas tales como: consecuencias tras vivir la Pandemia de Covid-19, diferentes tipos de violencia, TCAS, problemas relacionales, depresión, ideación suicida, situaciones postraumáticas, y complicaciones en el desarrollo de una vida saludable tanto en los aspectos nutricionales como en el acceso a la justicia. Asimismo, se describen los múltiples aprendizajes tanto personales como profesionales, a través de las experiencias e intervenciones a lo largo del Proyecto de Aplicación Profesional.ITESO, A.C

Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A toxins are versatile proteins with multiple modes of action: two distinct pre-pores are involved in toxicity

Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis are insecticidal PFTs (pore-forming toxins). In the present study, we show that two distinct functional pre-pores of Cry1Ab are formed after binding of the protoxin or the protease-activated toxin to the cadherin receptor, but before membrane insertion. Both pre-pores actively induce pore formation, although with different characteristics, and contribute to the insecticidal activity. We also analysed the oligomerization of the mutant Cry1AbMod protein. This mutant kills different insect populations that are resistant to Cry toxins, but lost potency against susceptible insects. We found that the Cry1AbMod-protoxin efficiently induces oligomerization, but not the activated Cry1AbMod-toxin, explaining the loss of potency of Cry1AbMod against susceptible insects. These data are relevant for the future control of insects resistant to Cry proteins. Our data support the pore-formation model involving sequential interaction with different midgut proteins, leading to pore formation in the target membrane. We propose that not only different insect targets could have different receptors, but also different midgut proteases that would influence the rate of protoxin/toxin activation. It is possible that the two pre-pore structures could have been selected for in evolution, since they have differential roles in toxicity against selected targets, increasing their range of action. These data assign a functional role for the protoxin fragment of Cry PFTs that was not understood previously. Most PFTs produced by other bacteria are secreted as protoxins that require activation before oligomerization, to finally form a pore. Thus different pre-pores could be also part of the general mechanism of action of other PFTs

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio