Análise de compostos orgânicos voláteis em bebidas alcoólicas destiladas por cromatografia a gás com amostragem por “HEADSPACE”: estudo de viabilidade

A determinação de congêneres e contaminantes orgânicos em cachaças é estabelecida pela Instrução Normativa n° 13, de 29 de Junho de 2005, do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. O monitoramento destes compostos é competência da rede de Laboratórios Nacionais Agropecuários (LANAGROs) e é parte fundamental do processo de fiscalização e de garantia da qualidade de um produto autenticamente brasileiro, seja para o consumo interno ou para a exportação. Compostos como acetaldeído e acetato de etila, cuja presença em pequenas quantidades favorece as características sensoriais do destilado, são tóxicos se consumidos em quantidades elevadas. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a viabilidade de analisar compostos orgânicos voláteis por cromatografia a gás utilizando amostragem por headspace em substituição à injeção direta, que é o método atualmente utilizado. A amostragem por headspace elimina a etapa de preparo da amostra, para a remoçãode açúcares e corante caramelo que são adicionados à cachaça, e que podem interferir na analise cromatográfica. A fim de ajustar a metodologia utilizando amostragem por headspace, foram avaliados os parâmetros: temperatura, tempo de incubação, volume de injeção e adição de aditivos. Foi realizado um estudo semiquantitativo comparando amostras analisadas pelo método de injeção direta e pelo método por headspace. Os resultados obtidos em ambas as metodologias apresentaram boa relação indicando que o sistema proposto poderá ser utilizado na rotina, após validação completa.The presence of organic congeners and contaminants in “cachaça” (Brazilian sugarcane spirit drink) are controlled by the Normative Instruction n° 13, July 29th, 2005, from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply in Brazil. The monitoring of these compounds is the responsibility of the National Agricultural Laboratories (LANAGROs) and is a fundamental part of the process of inspection and quality assurance of an authentically Brazilian product, either for internal consumption or for export. Compounds such as acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate, whose presence in small quantities favors the sensorial characteristics of the distillate, can be toxic if consumed in high amounts. In this work, was evaluated the viability of analyzing volatile organic compounds by gas chromatography using headspace sampling in substitution for direct injection, which is the currently used method. The sampling headspace has the advantage of eliminating sample preparation step for removing sugar and caramel colorant which is added to the “cachaça”, and may interfere in the chromatographic analysis. In order to adjust the sampling methodology using headspace, the parameters evaluated were: temperature, incubation time, injection volume and addition of additives. A semiquantitative study was carried out comparing samples analyzed by the direct injection and by headspace method. The results from both methods showed good value indicating that the proposed system can be used in routine, after complete validation

Microbial community and physicochemical characterization of kombuchas produced and marketed in Brazil

Kombucha has recently become popular in the Brazilian beverage market as a healthy alternative to soft drinks. However, little is known about the microbial composition and physicochemical characteristics of products available on the market. To investigate the microbial profile of kombuchas, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA and ITS genes, in samples belonging to six brands was utilized. In addition, the drinks were characterized based on the physicochemical parameters of pH, total acidity and alcohol content. Through the metagenetic analysis, the most abundant prokaryotic species identified were Liquorilactobacillus nagelii, Oenococcus oeni, Komagataeibacter rhaeticus, Liquorilactobacillus ghanensis, Gluconobacter oxydans, Komagataeibacter saccharivorans, Acetobacter peroxydans and Pantoea stewartii, while the mainly eukaryotic species were Dekkera bruxellensis, Dekkera anomala, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lanchancea fermentati. Interestingly, we identified six different oligotypes of D. bruxellensis, showing a wide diversity of strains belonging to this species. The results obtained for the physicochemical analyses, within the shelf life of the products, presented a range between 2.88 ± 0.06 and 3.43 ± 0.04 of pH, values between 1.80 ± 0.59 and 4.86 ± 0.72 for the total titratable acidity and 1.03 ± 0.24 to 2.54 ± 0.39 referring to alcohol content, demonstrating significant differences between brand. In addition, all samples had alcohol content above 0.5%, resulting in the classification of alcoholic beverages, which need proper labelling. The data generated in this work helped to understand the composition of the kombuchas available in the Brazilian market, as well as in the development of the identity and quality standard of the drink

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Análise de compostos orgânicos voláteis em bebidas alcoólicas destiladas por cromatografia a gás com amostragem por “HEADSPACE”: estudo de viabilidade

A determinação de congêneres e contaminantes orgânicos em cachaças é estabelecida pela Instrução Normativa n° 13, de 29 de Junho de 2005, do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. O monitoramento destes compostos é competência da rede de Laboratórios Nacionais Agropecuários (LANAGROs) e é parte fundamental do processo de fiscalização e de garantia da qualidade de um produto autenticamente brasileiro, seja para o consumo interno ou para a exportação. Compostos como acetaldeído e acetato de etila, cuja presença em pequenas quantidades favorece as características sensoriais do destilado, são tóxicos se consumidos em quantidades elevadas. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a viabilidade de analisar compostos orgânicos voláteis por cromatografia a gás utilizando amostragem por headspace em substituição à injeção direta, que é o método atualmente utilizado. A amostragem por headspace elimina a etapa de preparo da amostra, para a remoçãode açúcares e corante caramelo que são adicionados à cachaça, e que podem interferir na analise cromatográfica. A fim de ajustar a metodologia utilizando amostragem por headspace, foram avaliados os parâmetros: temperatura, tempo de incubação, volume de injeção e adição de aditivos. Foi realizado um estudo semiquantitativo comparando amostras analisadas pelo método de injeção direta e pelo método por headspace. Os resultados obtidos em ambas as metodologias apresentaram boa relação indicando que o sistema proposto poderá ser utilizado na rotina, após validação completa.The presence of organic congeners and contaminants in “cachaça” (Brazilian sugarcane spirit drink) are controlled by the Normative Instruction n° 13, July 29th, 2005, from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply in Brazil. The monitoring of these compounds is the responsibility of the National Agricultural Laboratories (LANAGROs) and is a fundamental part of the process of inspection and quality assurance of an authentically Brazilian product, either for internal consumption or for export. Compounds such as acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate, whose presence in small quantities favors the sensorial characteristics of the distillate, can be toxic if consumed in high amounts. In this work, was evaluated the viability of analyzing volatile organic compounds by gas chromatography using headspace sampling in substitution for direct injection, which is the currently used method. The sampling headspace has the advantage of eliminating sample preparation step for removing sugar and caramel colorant which is added to the “cachaça”, and may interfere in the chromatographic analysis. In order to adjust the sampling methodology using headspace, the parameters evaluated were: temperature, incubation time, injection volume and addition of additives. A semiquantitative study was carried out comparing samples analyzed by the direct injection and by headspace method. The results from both methods showed good value indicating that the proposed system can be used in routine, after complete validation

Duration of Humoral and Cellular Immunity 8 Years After Administration of Reduced Doses of the 17DD-Yellow Fever Vaccine

Corrigendum: In the original article, there was a mistake in Figure 5 as published. One orange frame erroneously shifted slightly to the right. The corrected Figure 5 appears below. Additionally, there was a mistake in Supplementary Figure 2 as published. The asterisks indicating statistical significance were erroneously deleted during the JPEG conversion. It is important to mention that no results have been modified. The corrected Supplementary Figure 2 appears below.Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2019-08-21T13:30:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Duration of Humoral and Cellular Immunity 8 Years After .pdf: 3045695 bytes, checksum: 524cbfff77a5b05dcf0f4526fae5fb3c (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2019-08-21T13:43:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Duration of Humoral and Cellular Immunity 8 Years After .pdf: 3045695 bytes, checksum: 524cbfff77a5b05dcf0f4526fae5fb3c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-21T13:43:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Duration of Humoral and Cellular Immunity 8 Years After .pdf: 3045695 bytes, checksum: 524cbfff77a5b05dcf0f4526fae5fb3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Microbiologia. Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos. Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Quantitativos em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto de Biologia do Exército. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.The present study aims to determine whether 17DD-YF-specific humoral and cellular immunological memory is maintained 8-years after primary vaccination with subdoses (10,447IU;3,013IU;587IU;158IU;31IU). For this purpose, this follow-up study was carried out in a subset of volunteers (n = 98) originally enrolled in the dose-response study in 2009 and 46 non-vaccinated controls. Our results demonstrated that vaccinees, who had seroconverted following primary vaccination and had not been revaccinated, present similar neutralizing antibodies levels and YF-specific cellular memory, particularly CMCD4 and EMCD8 as compared to the reference full dose (27,476IU). Although, PRNT seropositivity rates were similar across subgroups (94, 82, 83, 94, 80, and 91%, correspondingly), only doses above 587IU elicited similar iterative proportion of seropositivity rates, calculated as a progressive decrease on seropositivity rates along time (89, 80, 80, and 91%, respectively) as compared to 158IU and 31IU (68 and 46%, respectively). Noteworthy were the strong positive correlations ("EMCD4,EMCD8" and "TNFCD8,IFNCD8") observed in most subdoses, except for 31IU. Major similarities underscored the preserved antibody titers and the outstanding levels of EMCD8, relevant correlates of protection for YF-specific immunity. These findings provide evidences to support the regular use of dose sparing strategy for YF vaccine in adults

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2007

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq