Танц, време и космогония в устната традиция на общността брогпа в Ладакх, Индия

В настоящата статия проследявам някои аспекти на танца в религиозните и празнични традиции на етнолингвистичната общност брогпа в Ладакх, Индия. Тя една от малкото индоарийски групи в региона, успели да съхранят различни елементи от своите архаични предбудистки и предислямски религиозни традиции. В този контекст разглеждам връзката на танца като културна практика с култа към божествата от класа лха, част от пред будистката народната религия, разпространена в целия тибетски културен ареал. Фокус тук са основни аспекти на концептуалното значение на танца, които могат да бъдат отнесени към дардските религиозни традиции на общността. Разгледана е устойчивата поява на танца като централен мотив в местната космология, празнични обичаи и устна традиция.In the present article, I outline some aspects of dance in the religious and festive traditions of the ethnolinguistic community Brogpa in Ladakh, India. It is one of the few Indo-Aryan groups in the region have that managed to preserve various elements of their archaic pre-Buddhist and pre-Islamic religious traditions. In this context, I explore the relationship of dance as a cultural practice to the cult of deities lha, part of the pre-Buddhist folk religion spread throughout the Tibetan cultural area. The focus here is on key aspects of the conceptual meaning of dance that can be traced back to the Dardic religious traditions of the community. The persistent presence of dance as a central motif in local cosmology, festive customs and oral tradition is examined

Thématisation et dimensions ludiques des pratiques de lecture dans les nouvelles d’Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt

Le jeu, dans ses formes et catégories multiples, constitue un fil conducteur dans la poétique d’Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier les modalités ludiques des pratiques de lecture représentées dans les nouvelles de l’écrivain-philosophe. Les analyses de la thématisation d’expériences de jeu et de lecture sont menées au prisme des théories de la réception et du jeu. Les cas significatifs de lecteurs aux tendances psychotiques ou (post)bovariques, expérimentés ou débutants, sont révélateurs de divers effets et usages de la lecture-jeu et de ses dérives possibles. Les pratiques lectrices, pathologiques ou bénéfiques, associées à différents profils de lecteurs in fabula, sont étudiées dans le but de dégager les dispositifs ludiques de cet art nouvellistique empreint d’un esprit d’enfance singulier

Human papillomavirus testing versus repeat cytology for triage of minor cytological cervical lesions

Background: A typical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (LSIL) are minor lesions of the cervical epithelium, detectable by cytological examination of cells collected from the surface of the cervix of a woman. Usually, women with ASCUS and LSIL do not have cervical (pre-) cancer, however a substantial proportion of them do have underlying high-grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN, grade 2 or 3) and so are at increased risk for developing cervical cancer. Therefore, accurate triage of women with ASCUS or LSIL is required to identify those who need further management. This review evaluates two ways to triage women with ASCUS or LSIL: repeating the cytological test, and DNA testing for high-risk types of the human papillomavirus (hrHPV) - the main causal factor of cervical cancer. Objectives Main objective: To compare the accuracy of hrHPV testing with the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay against that of repeat cytology for detection of underlying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) or grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) in women with ASCUS or LSIL. For the HC2 assay, a positive result was defined as proposed by the manufacturer. For repeat cytology, different cut-offs were used to define positivity: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse (ASCUS+), low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions or worse (LSIL+) or high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions or worse (HSIL+). Secondary objective: To assess the accuracy of the HC2 assay to detect CIN2+ or CIN3+ in women with ASCUS or LSIL in a larger group of reports of studies that applied hrHPV testing and the reference standard (coloscopy and biopsy), irrespective whether or not repeat cytology was done. Search methods: We made a comprehensive literature search that included the Cochrane Register of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE (through PubMed), and EMBASE (last search 6 January 2011). Selected journals likely to contain relevant papers were handsearched from 1992 to 2010 (December). We also searched CERVIX, the bibliographic database of the Unit of Cancer Epidemiology at the Scientific Institute of Public Health (Brussels, Belgium) which contains more than 20,000 references on cervical cancer. More recent searches, up to December 2012, targeted reports on the accuracy of triage of ASCUS or LSIL with other HPV DNA assays, or HPV RNA assays and other molecular markers. These searches will be used for new Cochrane reviews as well as for updates of the current review. Selection criteria: Studies eligible for inclusion in the review had to include: women presenting with a cervical cytology result of ASCUS or LSIL, who had undergone both HC2 testing and repeat cytology, or HC2 testing alone, and were subsequently subjected to reference standard verification with colposcopy and colposcopy-directed biopsies for histologic verification. Data collection and analysis: The review authors independently extracted data from the selected studies, and obtained additional data from report authors. Two groups of meta-analyses were performed: group I concerned triage of women with ASCUS, group II concerned women with LSIL. The bivariate model (METADAS-macro in SAS) was used to assess the absolute accuracy of the triage tests in both groups as well as the differences in accuracy between the triage tests. Main results: The pooled sensitivity of HC2 was significantly higher than that of repeat cytology at cut-off ASCUS+ to detect CIN2+ in both triage of ASCUS and LSIL (relative sensitivity of 1.27 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.39; P value < 0.0001) and 1.23 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.4; P value 0.007), respectively. In ASCUS triage, the pooled specificity of the triage methods did not differ significantly from each other (relative specificity: 0.99 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.03; P value 0.98)). However, the specificity of HC2 was substantially, and significantly, lower than that of repeat cytology in the triage of LSIL (relative specificity: 0.66 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.75) P value < 0.0001). Authors' conclusions: HPV-triage with HC2 can be recommended to triage women with ASCUS because it has higher accuracy (significantly higher sensitivity, and similar specificity) than repeat cytology. When triaging women with LSIL, an HC2 test yields a significantly higher sensitivity, but a significantly lower specificity, compared to a repeat cytology. Therefore, practice recommendations for management of women with LSIL should be balanced, taking local circumstances into account

Graficke kalkulatory ve vyuce matematiky na gymnaziu

Available from STL Prague, CZ / NTK - National Technical LibrarySIGLECZCzech Republi

Forms of Game and Playing, and the Thematization of Ludic Reading Practices in Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt’s Short Stories

Le jeu, dans ses formes et catégories multiples, constitue un fil conducteur dans la poétique d’Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier les modalités ludiques des pratiques de lecture représentées dans les nouvelles de l’écrivain-philosophe. Les analyses de la thématisation d’expériences de jeu et de lecture sont menées au prisme des théories de la réception et du jeu. Les cas significatifs de lecteurs aux tendances psychotiques ou (post)bovariques, expérimentés ou débutants, sont révélateurs de divers effets et usages de la lecture-jeu et de ses dérives possibles. Les pratiques lectrices, pathologiques ou bénéfiques, associées à différents profils de lecteurs in fabula, sont étudiées dans le but de dégager les dispositifs ludiques de cet art nouvellistique empreint d’un esprit d’enfance singulier.Play, in its many forms and categories, is a connecting thread running through Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt’s poetics. The aim of this article is to study the ludic modalities of reading practices represented in the writer-philosopher’s short stories. Analyses of the thematization of playing, game and reading experiences are conducted through the prism of theories of reception and play. The significant cases of readers with psychotic or (post)bovarian tendencies, experienced or beginners, reveal various effects and uses of ludic reading and its possible drifts. The practices of different types of readers in fabula, whether pathological or beneficial, are studied with the aim of identifying ludic and game devices of this novelistic art with a singular childhood spirit

Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt and his masters of happiness: the convergence of literary vocation and musical inclination

In some of his works, containing autobiographical elements, Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt reveals the musical origins of his vocation as a writer. He emphasizes the importance of several composers and describes the maieutic method used by his piano teachers. The paper studies the (trans)forming function of learning music, and more specifically the initiation to the works of Mozart, Beethoven and Chopin. Spiritual guides and maîtres à penser, these composers influenced Schmitt’s existential and artistic trajectory and inspired his own esthetic adventure. The salutary encounter with Mozart caused the birth of spiritual love and enabled an acceptance of the writing vocation and initiation of the process of creative transmission. The Mozartian disciple reinvents his vocation and transposes in his literary works some features of the musical philosophy of his masters of wisdom and thus, perpetuates their esthetical and spiritual filiation.Dans plusieurs œuvres à éléments autobiographiques, Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt révèle la genèse musicale de sa vocation d’écrivain en soulignant le rôle de quelques compositeurs ou bien en décrivant la maïeutique pédagogique mise en œuvre par ses professeures de piano. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier le rôle (trans)formateur de l’apprentissage musical et plus particulièrement de l’initiation à la musique de Mozart, Beethoven et Chopin. Guides spirituels et maîtres à penser, ces compositeurs ont marqué le parcours existentiel et artistique d’Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt et ont inspiré sa propre aventure esthétique. La rencontre salutaire avec Mozart a induit la naissance de l’amour spirituel et a engendré le processus de conversion scripturale et de transmission créatrice. Le disciple mozartien réinvente sa vocation et transpose dans son œuvre littéraire des particularités de la philosophie musicale de ses maîtres de sagesse en s’inscrivant dans une logique de filiation spirituelle et esthétique

Specific skills necessary to work with some ICT tools in mathematics effectively

ICT tools have become part of teaching mathematics and focus of much research. Generally, the research has shown that they can be potentially benefitting to pupils&rsquo; learning of mathematics, however, some limitations have been brought about. It has transpired that learning does not come about without conscious support by teachers and suitable tasks. The aim of the article is to a) summarise some research results which concern two most widely used ICT tools &ndash; graphing calculators and dynamic geometry software, mainly from the point of view of what problems pupils faced and what caused the ICT tools not to be used to best advantage, b) present specific skills which pupils must develop in order to overcome these problems, c) suggest some suitable tasks to develop the skills

Figures mythiques dans le roman contemporain francophone

La thèse a pour objectif l’étude comparative des avatars de trois figures mythiques – Don Juan, Ulysse et Jason – dans le roman contemporain francophone. La première partie « Art donjuanesque et art romanesque. Le libertinage kundérien » aborde la genèse du paradigme donjuanesque kundérien réactualisant les gestes du burlador baroque ainsi que les métamorphoses et expériences romantiques, modernes et postmodernes du patron mythique évoluant vers une posture distanciée et critique. Dans la deuxième partie « Variations romanesques sur héritage mythique. Avatars et aventures de Don Juan et d’Ulysse » nous nous focalisons sur les stratégies intertextuelles participant de l’élaboration de la typologie libertine contemporaine dans l’œuvre kundérienne et dans trois cas de donjuanisme morbide dépeints par Pierre-Jean Remy, par Denis Tillinac et par Béatrix Beck pour les confronter aux techniques de réinvention de l’aventure odysséenne revisitée par Maurice Audebert et par Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt. La troisième partie « Figures mythiques de voyageurs – Ulysse et Jason. Expériences du retour et de la quête » étudie les procédés de démythologisation utilisés par Milan Kundera, l’enchevêtrement des intertextes homérique et joycien dans le cycle de Cyrtha de Salim Bachi et les transformations du syntagme de base du mythe de Jason dans trois œuvres de Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio. Les résultats de nos analyses sont systématisés en vue de circonscrire les traits dominants des écritures mythologiques et de les situer par rapport aux tendances du roman contemporain francophone.The purpose of this thesis is the comparative study of the resurgences of three mythical figures – Don Juan, Ulysses and Jason – in the contemporary francophone novel. “Part One : The Art of Don Juanism and the Art of the Novel: Milan Kundera’s libertinage” discusses the genesis of the Kunderian donjuanesque paradigm reviving the gestures of the baroque burlador and the romantic, modern and postmodern metamorphoses and experiences of the mythical pattern moving towards a distanced and critical posture. “Part Two: Novelistic variations on the Mythical heritage: Avatars and Adventures of Don Juan and Ulysses” focuses on the intertextual strategies involved in the development of the contemporary libertine typology in Kundera's oeuvre and in three cases of morbid Don Juanism portrayed by Pierre-Jean Remy, Denis Tillinac and Béatrix Beck in order to compare them to the techniques of reinvention of the Odyssean adventure revisited by Maurice Audebert and Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt. “Part Three: Mythical travellers – Ulysses and Jason. Experiences of the return and the quest” studies the devices of demythologisation used by Milan Kundera, the entanglement of Homeric and Joycean intertexts in the Cycle of Cyrtha by Salim Bachi and the transformations of the basic syntagm of the myth of Jason in three works by Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio. The results of the analyses are systematized in order to identify the main features of the mythological writings and to relate them to the trends in the contemporary francophone novel