Actualización del manejo clínico del cáncer mamario asociado al embarazo. Revisión de la Literatura

Pregnancy Associated Breast Cancer (PABC) is defined as breast cancer that is diagnosed during pregnancy or within the first postpartum year. The incidence of breast cancer during pregnancy is about 1 in 3,000 pregnancies making breast cancer the second most common in pregnancy malignancy, breast cancer during pregnancy is a complex circumstance all the implications of the fetus can cause cancer treatment. It should be enough information to not delay diagnosis and adequately treat patients, this should be supported by multidisciplinary group. The goal of care for women with breast cancer and pregnancy is the local disease control and prevention of metastasis. There is a shortage of prospective studies regarding the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer during pregnancy. General pregnancy knowledge about the clinical - pathological and oncological and perinatal outcome of patients with pregnancy and breast cancer therefore is very important. In this article, we reviewed the current literature in order to generate greater awareness regarding this disease and to optimize the management and reduce the delay in diagnosing women with PABC.El embarazo asociado a cáncer de mama (CMAE) es definido como el cáncer de mama que se diagnostica durante el embarazo o dentro de primer año posparto. La incidencia de cáncer de mama durante el embarazo es aproximadamente 1 de cada 3.000 y el cáncer de mama es la segunda neoplasia maligna más común en el embarazo, el cáncer de mama durante el embarazo es una circunstancia compleja por todas las implicaciones que se pueden producir sobre el feto en el tratamiento oncológico. Debe tenerse suficiente información para no retrasar el diagnóstico y tratar de manera adecuada a las pacientes, este debe estar soportado por grupo multidisciplinario. El objetivo de la atención a las mujeres con CMAE es el control local de la enfermedad y la prevención de la metástasis. Hay una escasez de estudios prospectivos en relación con el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del cáncer de mama durante el embarazo por lo tanto generar conocimiento acerca de las características clínico – patológicas, y tanto el resultado oncológico como perinatal de la paciente es muy importante. Se realizo una revision de los estudios con mayor evidencia respecto a este tema con el objetivo de generar mayor conocimiento en cuanto a esta patología así optimizar el manejo y reducir el retraso en el diagnóstico de las mujeres con CMAE

Actividad antifúngica de especies de euphorbia nativas de La Pampa

Fusarium verticillioides y F. graminearum generan podredumbres de espiga en cereales, reduciendo el rendimiento en granos y contaminandolos con micotoxinas dañinas para humanos y animales. Se necesitan nuevos antifúngicos capaces de controlar estos hongos. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: 1) Evaluar actividad antifúngica de extractos de especies de Euphorbia nativas de La Pampa contra F. verticillioides (NRRL 25457 y LABI7) y F. graminearum (NRRL 28063 y LABI11). 2) Aislar, identificar y caracterizar la actividad antifúngica del principal metabolito antifúngico del extracto más bioactivo. Partes aéreas de Euphorbia collina, E. serpens y E. schickendantzii de La Pampa se extrajeron secuencialmente con hexano, acetato de etilo y metanol. Los extractos se evaporaron a sequedad y sus residuos se ensayaron sobre cepas de Fusarium por microdilución calculándose concentración inhibitoria de 50% (CI50). El extracto más bioactivo se sometió a aislamiento bioguiado que involucró cromatografía en gradiente con columna de silica gel. La identidad de los metabolitos involucrados se estableció mediante GC-MS. El extracto foliar hexánico de E. collina presentó los valores más bajos de CI50 (814-824 µg/ml, F. verticillioides; 360-392 µg/ml, F. graminearum). La actividad antifúngica estuvo asociada a una mezcla de los triterpenos pentacíclicos cicloartenol y 24-metilen cicloartanol. Se continuará investigando el efecto de estas sustancias como potenciales aditivos de fungicidas.Fil: Jiménez, Cristina Marisol. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Álvarez, H. B.. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Ballari, María Sol. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Química Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Labadie, Guillermo Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Química Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Catalan, Cesar Atilio Nazareno. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Toso, Ricardo Enrique. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Sampietro, Diego Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaIV Reunión Conjunta de Sociedades de Biología de la República Argentina: nuevas evidencias y cambios de paradigmas en Ciencias BiológicasMendozaArgentinaSociedad de Biología de CuyoSociedad Argentina de BiologíaSociedad Chilena de Reproducción y DesarrolloSociedad de Biología de CórdobaSociedad de Biología de RosarioAsociación de Biología de Tucumá

Subtractive phage display selection from canine visceral leishmaniasis identifies novel epitopes that mimic leishmania infantum antigens with potential serodiagnosis applications

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease that is endemic to Brazil, where dogs are the main domestic parasite reservoirs, and the percentages of infected dogs living in regions where canine VL (CVL) is endemic have ranged from 10% to 62%. Despite technological advances, some problems have been reported with CVL serodiagnosis. The present study describes a sequential subtractive selection through phage display technology from polyclonal antibodies of negative and positive sera that resulted in the identification of potential bacteriophage-fused peptides that were highly sensitive and specific to antibodies of CVL. A negative selection was performed in which phage clones were adhered to purified IgGs from healthy and Trypanosoma cruzi-infected dogs to eliminate cross-reactive phages. The remaining supernatant nonadhered phages were submitted to positive selection against IgG from the blood serum of dogs that were infected with Leishmania infantum. Phage clones that adhered to purified IgGs from the CVL-infected serum samples were selected. Eighteen clones were identified and their reactivities tested by a phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (phage-ELISA) against the serum samples from infected dogs (n 31) compared to those from vaccinated dogs (n 21), experimentally infected dogs with cross-reactive parasites (n 23), and healthy controls (n 17). Eight clones presented sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100%, and they showed no crossreactivity with T. cruzi- or Ehrlichia canis-infected dogs or with dogs vaccinated with two different commercial CVL vaccines in Brazil. Our study identified eight mimotopes of L. infantum antigens with 100% accuracy for CVL serodiagnosis. The use of these mimotopes by phage-ELISA proved to be an excellent assay that was reproducible, simple, fast, and inexpensive, and it can be applied in CVL-monitoring programsThis work was supported by grants from the Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa of UFMG (supported 03/2013), the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (INCT Nano-Biofar), Rede Nanobiotec/Brasil-UFU (CAPES), PRONEX-FAPEMIG (APQ-01019- 09), FAPEMIG (APQ-00496-11 and APQ-00819-12), and CNPq (APQ- 472090/2011-9 and APQ-482976/2012-8). E.A.F.C. and L.R.G. are recipients of grants from CNPq. M.A.C.-F. is the recipient of a grant from FAPEMIG/CAPE

Mortality among critically ill patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a multicenter cohort study in Colombia

343-50Objective. To evaluate risk factors associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia emergence, its prognosis, and mortality-determining factors in critically ill patients in Colombia. Methods. A multicenter, retrospective cohort study conducted in 2005–2008 at 16 public and private reference health care institutions in Bogotá, Colombia, that form part of a national epidemiological surveillance network and a hospital network with 4 469 beds. Methicillinresistant emergence and mortality were analyzed using descriptive and time-to-event analysis; a multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was built to test the association between methicillin resistance and mortality. Results. A total of 372 patients were studied: 186 with MRSA bacteremia, randomly matched with 186 with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia. Previous surgery, antibiotic exposure, and hospital-acquired infections were independently associated with methicillin resistance. MRSA caused longer hospital stays among survivors (median 24 versus 18 days, P = 0.014). Mortality predictors were: patient age, creatinine level over 1.21mg/dl at ICU admission, severe sepsis, and inotropic requirement. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy and antimicrobial therapy change were independent protective factors, as was male gender. Conclusions. Methicillin resistance per se was not a mortality-independent prognostic factor. Previous conditions, such as age, baseline renal impairment, severe sepsis, and inotropy demand explained the observed mortality. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy remained a protective factor. A call to improve infection control measures in Colombia is mandatory

Ellas por ellos

La equidad de género es un asunto que nos involucra a todas y todos, pues los efectos de las relaciones de desigualdad, que inciden en la sana evolución de las mujeres, alcanzan también a los hombres, cuya masculinidad, construida bajo los cánones de una cultura patriarcal, les ha vetado el acceso a las emociones y el goce de placeres asignados en exclusiva al mundo de lo privado, al femenino. El Consejo Nacional para Prevenir la Discriminación ha convocado a una pléyade de voces masculinas para que incursionen en el mundo femenino con este libro inspirado en la edición española Ellas. Catorce hombres dan la cara… Dieciséis hombres aceptaron el reto emocional, intelectual y profesional de aportar su visión de Ellas –nombradas así, genéricamente, sin más calificativos–, con la única premisa de escribir a partir de aquello que despierte en su imaginario masculino el simple hecho de pronunciar ese vocablo. … Ellas son aquí mujeres de carne y hueso, actrices, modelos, futbolistas, vendedoras, activistas, amantes y políticas, musas y ejemplos de vida, mundos interpretados desde lo que se sabe y lo que se intuye, acciones y pasiones estocadas indefectiblemente por la inspección masculina, la visión de género, el machismo y la misoginia, miradas injustas que revelan, también, el mundo de Ellos. … Ellas... por ellos es la oportunidad de mirar el imaginario de los Otros. Es atreverse a correr la cortina y aprender de la desnudez de las almas y conciencias masculinas. Es abrazar la frescura de un despertar de los hombres a una nueva era de comprensión y tolerancia, de respeto a lo diferente, de inclusión e integralidad. Valorar lo aquí expuesto por Ellos será para Ellas, definitivamente, un aliento para seguir construyendo una sociedad en igualdad, sin discriminación ni violencia

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes

Stratification of hospitalized COVID-19 patients into clinical severity progression groups by immuno-phenotyping and machine learning

Quantitative or qualitative differences in immunity may drive clinical severity in COVID-19. Although longitudinal studies to record the course of immunological changes are ample, they do not necessarily predict clinical progression at the time of hospital admission. Here we show, by a machine learning approach using serum pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral cytokine and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody measurements as input data, that COVID-19 patients cluster into three distinct immune phenotype groups. These immune-types, determined by unsupervised hierarchical clustering that is agnostic to severity, predict clinical course. The identified immune-types do not associate with disease duration at hospital admittance, but rather reflect variations in the nature and kinetics of individual patient's immune response. Thus, our work provides an immune-type based scheme to stratify COVID-19 patients at hospital admittance into high and low risk clinical categories with distinct cytokine and antibody profiles that may guide personalized therapy. Developing predictive methods to identify patients with high risk of severe COVID-19 disease is of crucial importance. Authors show here that by measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and cytokine levels at the time of hospital admission and integrating the data by unsupervised hierarchical clustering/machine learning, it is possible to predict unfavourable outcome

TAT-Mediated Transduction of MafA Protein In Utero Results in Enhanced Pancreatic Insulin Expression and Changes in Islet Morphology

Alongside Pdx1 and Beta2/NeuroD, the transcription factor MafA has been shown to be instrumental in the maintenance of the beta cell phenotype. Indeed, a combination of MafA, Pdx1 and Ngn3 (an upstream regulator of Beta2/NeuroD) was recently reported to lead to the effective reprogramming of acinar cells into insulin-producing beta cells. These experiments set the stage for the development of new strategies to address the impairment of glycemic control in diabetic patients. However, the clinical applicability of reprogramming in this context is deemed to be poor due to the need to use viral vehicles for the delivery of the above factors. Here we describe a recombinant transducible version of the MafA protein (TAT-MafA) that penetrates across cell membranes with an efficiency of 100% and binds to the insulin promoter in vitro. When injected in utero into living mouse embryos, TAT-MafA significantly up-regulates target genes and induces enhanced insulin production as well as cytoarchitectural changes consistent with faster islet maturation. As the latest addition to our armamentarium of transducible proteins (which already includes Pdx1 and Ngn3), the purification and characterization of a functional TAT-MafA protein opens the door to prospective therapeutic uses that circumvent the use of viral delivery. To our knowledge, this is also the first report on the use of protein transduction in utero