Squalene: A Trove of Metabolic Actions

Squalene is present in high concentration in the liver of certain sharks and in small concentrations in olive oil. Previous studies showed that its administration decreases hepatic steatosis in male Apoe-knockout mice, but these changes might be complex. Transcriptomics, using DNA microarrays, and proteomics from mitochondrial and microsomal fractions, analyzed by 2D-DIGE and mass spectrometry, were used in these mice that received 1 g/kg/day squalene for 10 weeks. Squalene administration significantly modified the expression of genes such as lipin 1 (Lpin1) and thyroid hormone responsive (Thrsp). Changes in methionine adenosyltransferase 1 alpha (Mat1α), short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (Acads), and thioredoxin domain–containing protein 5 (Txndc5) expressions were consistent with their protein levels. Their mRNA levels were associated with hepatic fat content. These results suggest that squalene action involves changes in hepatic gene expression associated with its anti-steatotic properties. This approach shows new connections between nutrition and gene expression since Txndc5, a gene with unknown biological function, was upregulated by squalene administration. Overall, this nutrigenomic approach illustrates the effects of squalene and provides further support to the idea that not all monounsaturated fatty acid–containing oils behave similarly. Therefore, selection of cultivars producing olive oils enriched in this compound will be a plus

Mastitomics, the integrated omics of bovine milk in an experimental model of Streptococcus uberis mastitis: 1. High abundance proteins, acute phase proteins and peptidomics

A peptidomic investigation of milk from an experimental model of Streptococcus uberis mastitis in dairy cows has incorporated a study of milk high abundance and acute phase (APP) proteins as well as analysis of low molecular weight peptide biomarkers. Intramammary infection (IMI) with S. uberis caused a shift in abundance from caseins, β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin to albumin, lactoferrin and IgG with the increase in lactoferrin occurring last. The APP response of haptoglobin, mammary associated serum amyloid A3 and C-reactive protein occurred between 30–48 hours post challenge with peak concentrations of APPs at 72–96 hours post challenge and declined thereafter at a rate resembling the fall in bacterial count rather than the somatic cell count. A peptide biomarker panel for IMI based on capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry was developed. It comprised 77 identified peptides (IMI77) composed mainly of casein derived peptides but also including peptides of glycosylation dependent cell adhesion molecule and serum amyloid A. The panel had a biomarker classification score that increased from 36 hour to 81 hour post challenge, significantly differentiating infected from non-infected milk, thus suggesting potential as a peptide biomarker panel of bovine mastitis and specifically that of S. uberis origin. The use of omic technology has shown a multifactorial cross system reaction in high and low abundance proteins and their peptide derivatives with changes of over a thousand fold in analyte levels in response to S. uberis infection

Una alternativa para Pymes GNU/Linux Server como sistema operativo base para servicios de infraestructura Tecnologica

Este trabajo está orientado al análisis, instalación, configuración y administración de una distribución GNU/Linux basada en Ubuntu, enfocada a la implementación de servicios de infraestructura TIC. La distribución que se trabaja es GNU/Linux Zentyal Server 6.0 la cual es instalada y configurada como sistema operativo base para desplegar los servicios de infraestructura TIC. Los servicios y plataformas analizados en este trabajo son DHCP Server, DNS Server, Controlador de Dominio, Proxy no transparente, Cortafuegos, File Server, Print Server y VPN.This work is oriented to the analysis, installation, configuration and administration of a GNU / Linux distribution based on Ubuntu, focused on the implementation of ICT infrastructure services. The distribution is GNU / Linux Zentyal Server 6.0 which is installed and configured as a base operating system to deploy ICT infrastructure services. The services and platforms analyzed in this work are DHCP Server, DNS Server, Controlador de Dominio, Proxy no transparente, Cortafuegos, File Server, Print Server y VPN

Una alternativa para Pymes GNU/Linux Server como sistema operativo base para servicios de infraestructura Tecnológica

Este trabajo está orientado al análisis, instalación, configuración y administración de una distribución GNU/Linux basada en Ubuntu, enfocada a la implementación de servicios de infraestructura TIC. La distribución que se trabaja es GNU/Linux Zentyal Server 6.0 la cual es instalada y configurada como sistema operativo base para desplegar los servicios de infraestructura TIC. Los servicios y plataformas analizados en este trabajo son DHCP Server, DNS Server, Controlador de Dominio, Proxy no transparente, Cortafuegos, File Server, Print Server y VPN.This work is oriented to the analysis, installation, configuration and administration of a GNU / Linux distribution based on Ubuntu, focused on the implementation of ICT infrastructure services. The distribution is GNU / Linux Zentyal Server 6.0 which is installed and configured as a base operating system to deploy ICT infrastructure services. The services and platforms analyzed in this work are DHCP Server, DNS Server, Controlador de Dominio, Proxy no transparente, Cortafuegos, File Server, Print Server y VPN. Keywords: DHCP Server, DNS Server, Controlador de Dominio, Proxy no transparente, Cortafuegos, File Server, Print Server y VP

On the Relation between a Nonlinear Elliptic Equation and Its Uniform Approximation

AbstractThe qualitative behavior of the solution set of nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems has in some instances been studied by reducing the partial differential equation to a related algebraic equation. Although this procedure often gives a good picture of the bifurcation diagram, it can be quite wrong. In this paper some relationships between the solutions of the two problems are investigated

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Proteomics and gene expression analyses of mitochondria from squalene-treated apoE-deficient mice identify short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase changes associated with fatty liver amelioration

Squalene, a hydrocarbon involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, is an abundant component in virgin olive oil. Previous studies showed that its administration decreased atherosclerosis and steatosis in male apoE knock-out mice. To study the effect of squalene on mitochondrial proteins in fatty liver, 1 g/kg/day of this isoprenoid was administered to those mice. After 10 weeks, hepatic fat was assessed and protein extracts from mitochondria enriched fractions from control and squalene-treated animals were analyzed by 2D-DIGE. Spots exhibiting significant differences were identified by MS analysis. Squalene administration modified the expression of eighteen proteins involved in different metabolic processes, 12 associated with hepatic fat content. Methionine adenosyltransferase I alpha (Mat1a) and short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (Acads) showed significant increased and decreased transcripts, respectively, consistent with their protein changes. These mRNAs were also studied in wild-type mice receiving squalene, where Mat1a was found increased and Acads decreased. However, this mRNA was significantly increased in the absence of apolipoprotein E. These results suggest that squalene action may be executed through a complex regulation of mitochondrial protein expression, including changes in Mat1a and Acads levels. Indeed, Mat1a is a target of squalene administration while Acads reflects the anti-steatotic properties of squalene. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

CVD Conditions for MWCNTs Production and Their Effects on the Optical and Electrical Properties of PPy/MWCNTs, PANI/MWCNTs Nanocomposites by In Situ Electropolymerization

In this work, the optimal conditions of synthesizing and purifying carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from ferrocene were selected at the first stage, where decomposition time, argon fluxes, precursor amounts, decomposition temperature (at 1023 K and 1123 K), and purification process (HNO3 + H2SO4 or HCl + H2O2), were modulated through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and compared to commercial CNTs. The processing temperature at 1123 K and the treatment with HCl + H2O2 were key parameters influencing the purity, crystallinity, stability, and optical/electrical properties of bamboo-like morphology CNTs. Selected multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs), from 1 to 20 wt%, were electropolymerized through in-situ polarization with conductive polymers (CPs), poly(aniline) (PANI) and poly(pyrrole) (PPy), for obtaining composites. In terms of structural stability and electrical properties, MWCNTs obtained by CVD were found to be better than commercial ones for producing CPs composites. The CNTs addition in both polymeric matrixes was of 6.5 wt%. In both systems, crystallinity degree, related to the alignment of PC chains on MWCNTs surface, was improved. Electrical conductivity, in terms of the carrier density and mobility, was adequately enhanced with CVD CNTs, which were even better than the evaluated commercial CNTs. The findings of this study demonstrate that synergistic effects among the hydrogen bonds, stability, and conductivity are better in PANI/MWCNTs than in PPy/MWCNTs composites, which open a promissory route to prepare materials for different technological applications

Paraglomus occidentale, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from the sources of the Amazon river in Peru, with a key to the Paraglomeromycetes species. 2020. Sydowia.

A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Paraglomus occidentale, was found in an agricultural plantation of the inka nut (Plukenetia volubilis) in the Amazonia region of San Martín State in Peru. The inka nut was grown in mixed cultures together with Zea mays and Phaseolus vulgaris. The fungus was propagated in bait and single species cultures on Sorghum vulgare, Brachiaria brizantha, Medicago sativa and P. volubilis as host plants. The fungus differentiates hyaline spores terminally on cylindrical to slightly funnel-shaped hyphae, singly in soils or rarely in roots. The hyaline spores have a triple layered outer wall and a bi- to triple-layered inner wall. They are (59)69–84(92) µm in diameter. The new fungus is distinguished from all other known Paraglomus spp. by spore wall structure including staining characteristics in Melzer’s reagent, which is yellow-grayish to grayish on the outermost and generally dark yellow on the second spore wall layer. Phylogenetically, the new fungus is recognized in a well-separated clade, near to P. laccatum and P. occultum. Finally, an identification key to the Paraglomeromycetes species is included comprising all known species of the genera Paraglomus, Innospora and Pervetustus

Pretransplant urinary proteome analysis does not predict development of chronic kidney disease after liver transplantation

International audienceBackground & AimsChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common complication after liver transplantation. Kidney biopsies cannot be easily performed before liver transplantation to predict patients at high risk for CKD. The aim of our study was to determine whether pre‐, peri‐ and post‐transplant factors, as well as peptides present in preliver transplant urine samples were associated with loss in kidney function at 6 months post‐transplantation using proteome analysis.MethodsEighty patients who underwent a liver transplantation and that had pretransplant glomerular filtration rate (GFR) value of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m² (MDRD) were included in the study.ResultsGFR decreased significantly after transplantation. At month 6 post‐transplantation, 40 patients displayed a CKD, i.e. eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m², while the other 40 patients did not. Although thousands of peptides were identified, none was significantly associated with the development of CKD at 6 months after liver transplantation. Moreover, using a urinary peptidome classifier to detect preexisting CKD, no difference was found in CKD scores between the 2 groups. After analysis of a large number of pre‐, peri‐ and post‐transplant parameters, viral hepatitis as a cause for liver transplantation was the sole independent predictive factor for CKD. No difference in peptides with differential urinary abundance between patients who received a graft for virus related liver disease vs. all other causes of liver disease was observed.ConclusionUrinary peptidome analysis before liver transplantation failed to identify a peptide pattern associated with the development of CKD at 6 months after liver transplantation