356 research outputs found
Friedmann cosmology with a generalized equation of state and bulk viscosity
The universe media is considered as a non-perfect fluid with bulk viscosity
and described by a more general equation of state. We assume the bulk viscosity
is a linear combination of the two terms: one is constant, and the other is
proportional to the scalar expansion . The equation of state
is described as , where is a parameter. This model
can be used to explain the dark energy dominated universe. Different choices of
the parameters may lead to three kinds of fates of the cosmological evolution:
no future singularity, big rip, or Type III singularity of Ref. [S. Nojiri,
S.D. Odintsov, and S. Tsujikawa, Phys. Rev. D \textbf{71}, 063004 (2005)].Comment: 5 pages and 4 fig
On the Perturbative Nature of Color Superconductivity
Color superconductivity is a possible phase of high density QCD. We present a
systematic derivation of the transition temperature, T_C, from the QCD
Lagrangian through study of the di-quark proper vertex. With this approach, we
confirm the dependence of T_C on the coupling g, namely , previously obtained from the one-gluon exchange approximation
in the superconducting phase. The diagrammatic approach we employ allows us to
examine the perturbative expansion of the vertex and the propagators. We find
an additional O(1) contribution to the prefactor of the exponential from the
one-loop quark self energy and that the other one-loop radiative contributions
and the two gluon exchange vertex contribution are subleading.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, revtex, details and discussion expande
Vortex in a d-wave superconductor at low temperatures
A systematic perturbation theory is developed to describe the magnetic
field-induced subdominant - and -wave order parameters in the mixed
state of a -wave superconductor, enabling us to obtain, within
weak-coupling BCS theory, analytic results for the free energy of a d-wave
superconductor in an applied magnetic field H_{c1}\ltsim H\ll H_{c2} from
down to very low temperatures. Known results for a single isolated vortex
in the Ginzburg-Landau regime are recovered, and the behavior at low
temperatures for the subdominant component is shown to be qualitatively
different. In the case of subdominant pair component, superfluid
velocity gradients and an orbital Zeeman effect are shown to compete in
determining the vortex state, but for realistic field strengths the latter
appears to be irrelevant. On this basis, we argue that recent predictions of a
low-temperature phase transition in connection with recent thermal conductivity
measurements are unlikely to be correct.Comment: 20 RevTEX pages, 6 EPS figures; considerably expanded versio
Interacting Modified Variable Chaplygin Gas in Non-flat Universe
A unified model of dark energy and matter is presented using the modified
variable Chaplygin gas for interacting dark energy in a non-flat universe. The
two entities interact with each other non-gravitationally which involves a
coupling constant. Due to dynamic interaction, the variation in this constant
arises that henceforth changes the equations of state of these quantities. We
have derived the effective equations of state corresponding to matter and dark
energy in this interacting model. Moreover, the case of phantom energy is
deduced by putting constraints on the parameters involved.Comment: 9 pages; Accepted for publication in European Physical Journal
Bianchi Type V Viscous Fluid Cosmological Models in Presence of Decaying Vacuum Energy
Bianchi type V viscous fluid cosmological model for barotropic fluid
distribution with varying cosmological term is investigated. We have
examined a cosmological scenario proposing a variation law for Hubble parameter
in the background of homogeneous, anisotropic Bianchi type V space-time.
The model isotropizes asymptotically and the presence of shear viscosity
accelerates the isotropization. The model describes a unified expansion history
of the universe indicating initial decelerating expansion and late time
accelerating phase. Cosmological consequences of the model are also discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Weakly-Bound Three-Body Systems with No Bound Subsystems
We investigate the domain of coupling constants which achieve binding for a
3-body system, while none of the 2-body subsystems is bound. We derive some
general properties of the shape of the domain, and rigorous upper bounds on its
size, using a Hall--Post decomposition of the Hamiltonian. Numerical
illustrations are provided in the case of a Yukawa potential, using a simple
variational method.Comment: gzipped ps with 11 figures included. To appear in Phys. Rev.
Theory and simulation of quantum photovoltaic devices based on the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism
This article reviews the application of the non-equilibrium Green's function
formalism to the simulation of novel photovoltaic devices utilizing quantum
confinement effects in low dimensional absorber structures. It covers
well-known aspects of the fundamental NEGF theory for a system of interacting
electrons, photons and phonons with relevance for the simulation of
optoelectronic devices and introduces at the same time new approaches to the
theoretical description of the elementary processes of photovoltaic device
operation, such as photogeneration via coherent excitonic absorption,
phonon-mediated indirect optical transitions or non-radiative recombination via
defect states. While the description of the theoretical framework is kept as
general as possible, two specific prototypical quantum photovoltaic devices, a
single quantum well photodiode and a silicon-oxide based superlattice absorber,
are used to illustrated the kind of unique insight that numerical simulations
based on the theory are able to provide.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures; invited review pape
Statistical Properties of the Linear Sigma Model
The statistical equilibrium properties of the linear sigma model are studied,
with a view towards characterizing the field configurations employed as initial
conditions for numerical simulations of the formation of disoriented chiral
condensates in high-energy nuclear collisions. The field is decomposed into its
spatial average (the order parameter) and the fluctuations (the quasi-
particles) and enclosed in a rectangular box with periodic boundary conditions.
The quantized quasi-particle modes are described approximately by Klein-Gordon
dispersion relations containing an effective mass that depends on both the
temperature and the magnitude of the order parameter. The thermal fluctuations
are instrumental in shaping the effective potential governing the order
parameter, and the evolution of its statistical distribution with temperature
is discussed, as is the behavior of the associated effective masses. As the
system is cooled the field fluctuations subside, causing a smooth change from
the high-temperature phase in which chiral symmetry is approximately restored
towards the normal phase. Of practical interest is the fact that the
equilibrium field configurations can be sampled in a simple manner, thus
providing a convenient means for specifying the initial conditions in dynamical
simulations of the non-equilibrium relaxation of the chiral field. The
corresponding correlation function is briefly considered and used to calculate
the spectral strength of radiated pions. Finally, by propagating samples of
initial configurations by the exact equation of motion, it has been ascertained
that the treatment is sufficiently accurate to be of practical utility.Comment: 42 pages total, incl 18 figs using pstricks ([email protected]
Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment
This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and
W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with
the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and
the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto
the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions
f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV
and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw
> 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour,
are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017
+/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second
include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables,
revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio
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