6,619 research outputs found
Editorial: Human rights and inequity in health access of Central American Migrants
Frontiers in Public Health is very pleased to publish this journal issue focusing on the health access of immigrants. Contributions to this journal issue include five articles that rely on different methodologies while focusing on diverse geographic world regions and target populations. This editorial summarizes these features while also highlighting the unique contributions of each article
Acute hepatic and renal toxicity assessment of Euphorbia huanchahana (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boissier (Huachangana) in Holtzman rats
Background: Euphorbia huachahana (Klotzch & Garcke) Boissier (Huachangana) (EhKGBh)
has been used for over a century for medicinal purposes in the Peruvian population; however, its
safety and possible toxic effects of use have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to
determine the acute hepatic and renal toxicity of EhKGBh in Holtzman rats. Methods: Analytical
and experimental study. The population consisted of 52 rats of both sexes weighing between 300 and
350 g divided into four groups: G1 and G2 EhKGBh groups (26 rats each) and two control groups
(10 rats each). The experimental group was administered EhKGBh at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg P.O.
to demonstrate toxicity during the 14-day follow-up. A daily assessment of alanine aminotransferase
(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL), and
conjugated bilirubin (CBIL) was performed. Results: Evaluation of the liver tissue showed mild
changes in inflammation, predominantly vascular, with small clots. Kidney tissue did not show
inflammatory or necrotic changes. However, we showed differences in the weight of the rats between
both groups (p < 0.004) and significant increases in TBIL (0.98â1.07 mg/dL), CBIL (0.43â0.45 mg/dL),
AST (126.4â141.8 U/L), and ALP (254â298 U/L) but not ALT (39.7â41.1 U/L) (p < 0.05). Conclusion:
The single dose of EhKGBh extract at 2000 mg/kg has no toxicity, and there is no change in tissue
toxicity during the 14-day follow-up.Campus Lima Centr
Deuda externa y crecimiento econĂłmico. Una calibraciĂłn para MĂŠxico
External Debt and Economic Growth. A Calibration for MexicoObjective: we apply the Blanchard model (1983) to Mexico. We analyze the accumulation of external debt and its sustainability. Methodology: We calibrate the model for the year 2019. Using the time elimination method, we determine the stable arms of the model. Results: we present three simulations that promote production. First, an increase in productivity causes the Proportion of External Debt/GDP (PEDGDP) to rise to 26.9%. Second, a decrease in the population growth rate causes the PEDGDP to increase slightly. Third, a decrease in the International Interest Rate (IIR) produces a large increase in PEDGDP, to 44.01%, sustainable level. We show that PEDGDP is very sensitive to IIR, which can produce over-indebtedness. Recommendations: the sensitivity of PDPIB to the IIR puts us on notice to have prudent macroeconomic policies. Limitations: the households lack restrictions on international credit. Originality: This methodology has not been applied to Mexico. Conclusions: The economic cycles through which production and external debt of Mexico, pass go hand in hand with the variation of the IIR, over-indebtedness will always be present.Objetivo: Se aplica el modelo de Blanchard (1983) para MĂŠxico. Se analiza la acumulaciĂłn de la deuda externa y su sostenibilidad. MetodologĂa: Se calibra el modelo para el aĂąo 2019. Utilizando el mĂŠtodo de eliminaciĂłn del tiempo, se determinan los brazos estables del modelo. Resultados: Se realizan tres simulaciones que promueven la producciĂłn. Primero, un aumento en la productividad produce que la ProporciĂłn Deuda Externa/PIB (PDEPIB) aumente al 26.9%. Segundo, una disminuciĂłn de la tasa de crecimiento de la poblaciĂłn produce que la PDEPIB se incremente ligeramente. Tercera, una disminuciĂłn de la Tasa de InterĂŠs Internacional (TII) produce un gran aumento en PDEPIB, al 44.01%, nivel sostenible. Se muestra que PDEPIB es muy sensible a la TII, que puede producir sobreendeudamiento. Recomendaciones: La sensibilidad de PDPIB a la TII, nos pone en aviso de tener polĂticas macroeconĂłmicas prudentes. Limitaciones: los hogares carecen de restricciones al crĂŠdito internacional. Originalidad: Esta metodologia no ha sido aplicada a MĂŠxico. Conclusiones: Los ciclos econĂłmicos por los cuales transita la producciĂłn y la deuda externa de MĂŠxico, van aparejados con la variaciĂłn de la TII, sobreendeudamiento siempre estarĂĄ presente
The efficacy of whole human genome capture on ancient dental calculus and dentin
Objectives: Dental calculus is among the richest known sources of ancient DNA in the archaeological record. Although most DNA within calculus is microbial, it has been shown to contain sufficient human DNA for the targeted retrieval of whole mitochondrial genomes. Here, we explore whether calculus is also a viable substrate for whole human genome recovery using targeted enrichment techniques. Materials and methods: Total DNA extracted from 24 paired archaeological human dentin and calculus samples was subjected to whole human genome enrichment using in-solution hybridization capture and high-throughput sequencing. Results: Total DNA from calculus exceeded that of dentin in all cases, and although the proportion of human DNA was generally lower in calculus, the absolute human DNA content of calculus and dentin was not significantly different. Whole genome enrichment resulted in up to fourfold enrichment of the human endogenous DNA content for both dentin and dental calculus libraries, albeit with some loss in complexity. Recovering more on-target reads for the same sequencing effort generally improved the quality of downstream analyses, such as sex and ancestry estimation. For nonhuman DNA, comparison of phylum-level microbial community structure revealed few differences between precapture and postcapture libraries, indicating that off-target sequences in human genome-enriched calculus libraries may still be useful for oral microbiome reconstruction. Discussion: While ancient human dental calculus does contain endogenous human DNA sequences, their relative proportion is low when compared with other skeletal tissues. Whole genome enrichment can help increase the proportion of recovered human reads, but in this instance enrichment efficiency was relatively low when compared with other forms of capture. We conclude that further optimization is necessary before the method can be routinely applied to archaeological samples
Multi-resolution anisotropy studies of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory
We report a multi-resolution search for anisotropies in the arrival
directions of cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory with local
zenith angles up to and energies in excess of 4 EeV ( eV). This search is conducted by measuring the angular power spectrum
and performing a needlet wavelet analysis in two independent energy ranges.
Both analyses are complementary since the angular power spectrum achieves a
better performance in identifying large-scale patterns while the needlet
wavelet analysis, considering the parameters used in this work, presents a
higher efficiency in detecting smaller-scale anisotropies, potentially
providing directional information on any observed anisotropies. No deviation
from isotropy is observed on any angular scale in the energy range between 4
and 8 EeV. Above 8 EeV, an indication for a dipole moment is captured; while no
other deviation from isotropy is observed for moments beyond the dipole one.
The corresponding -values obtained after accounting for searches blindly
performed at several angular scales, are in the case of
the angular power spectrum, and in the case of the needlet
analysis. While these results are consistent with previous reports making use
of the same data set, they provide extensions of the previous works through the
thorough scans of the angular scales.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report
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Ultrahigh-energy neutrino follow-up of Gravitational Wave events GW150914 and GW151226 with the Pierre Auger Observatory
On September 14, 2015 the Advanced LIGO detectors observed their first
gravitational-wave (GW) transient GW150914. This was followed by a second GW
event observed on December 26, 2015. Both events were inferred to have arisen
from the merger of black holes in binary systems. Such a system may emit
neutrinos if there are magnetic fields and disk debris remaining from the
formation of the two black holes. With the surface detector array of the Pierre
Auger Observatory we can search for neutrinos with energy above 100 PeV from
point-like sources across the sky with equatorial declination from about -65
deg. to +60 deg., and in particular from a fraction of the 90% confidence-level
(CL) inferred positions in the sky of GW150914 and GW151226. A targeted search
for highly-inclined extensive air showers, produced either by interactions of
downward-going neutrinos of all flavors in the atmosphere or by the decays of
tau leptons originating from tau-neutrino interactions in the Earth's crust
(Earth-skimming neutrinos), yielded no candidates in the Auger data collected
within s around or 1 day after the coordinated universal time (UTC)
of GW150914 and GW151226, as well as in the same search periods relative to the
UTC time of the GW candidate event LVT151012. From the non-observation we
constrain the amount of energy radiated in ultrahigh-energy neutrinos from such
remarkable events.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report
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Calibration of the Logarithmic-Periodic Dipole Antenna (LPDA) Radio Stations at the Pierre Auger Observatory using an Octocopter
An in-situ calibration of a logarithmic periodic dipole antenna with a
frequency coverage of 30 MHz to 80 MHz is performed. Such antennas are part of
a radio station system used for detection of cosmic ray induced air showers at
the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the so-called
Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA). The directional and frequency
characteristics of the broadband antenna are investigated using a remotely
piloted aircraft (RPA) carrying a small transmitting antenna. The antenna
sensitivity is described by the vector effective length relating the measured
voltage with the electric-field components perpendicular to the incoming signal
direction. The horizontal and meridional components are determined with an
overall uncertainty of 7.4^{+0.9}_{-0.3} % and 10.3^{+2.8}_{-1.7} %
respectively. The measurement is used to correct a simulated response of the
frequency and directional response of the antenna. In addition, the influence
of the ground conductivity and permittivity on the antenna response is
simulated. Both have a negligible influence given the ground conditions
measured at the detector site. The overall uncertainties of the vector
effective length components result in an uncertainty of 8.8^{+2.1}_{-1.3} % in
the square root of the energy fluence for incoming signal directions with
zenith angles smaller than 60{\deg}.Comment: Published version. Updated online abstract only. Manuscript is
unchanged with respect to v2. 39 pages, 15 figures, 2 table
Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay
channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7
TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector,
and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No
significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper
limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the
standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at
95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE
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