Transport Properties in Ferromagnetic Josephson Junction between Triplet Superconductors

Charge and spin Josephson currents in a ballistic superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor junction with spin-triplet pairing symmetry are studied using the quasiclassical Eilenberger equation. The gap vector of superconductors has an arbitrary relative angle with respect to magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer. We clarify the effects of the thickness of ferromagnetic layer and magnitude of the magnetization on the Josephson charge and spin currents. We find that 0-\pi transition can occur except for the case that the exchange field and d-vector are in nearly perpendicular configuration. We also show how spin current flows due to misorientation between the exchange field and d-vector.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figure

Stationary Josephson effect in a weak-link between nonunitary triplet superconductors

A stationary Josephson effect in a weak-link between misorientated nonunitary triplet superconductors is investigated theoretically. The non-self-consistent quasiclassical Eilenberger equation for this system has been solved analytically. As an application of this analytical calculation, the current-phase diagrams are plotted for the junction between two nonunitary bipolar $f-$wave superconducting banks. A spontaneous current parallel to the interface between superconductors has been observed. Also, the effect of misorientation between crystals on the Josephson and spontaneous currents is studied. Such experimental investigations of the current-phase diagrams can be used to test the pairing symmetry in the above-mentioned superconductors.Comment: 6 pages and 6 figure

Effect of point-contact transparency on coherent mixing of Josephson and transport supercurrents

The influence of electron reflection on dc Josephson effect in a ballistic point contact with transport current in the banks is considered theoretically. The effect of finite transparency on the vortex-like currents near the contact and at the phase difference $\phi =\pi ,$ which has been predicted recently \cite{KOSh}, is investigated. We show that at low temperatures even a small reflection on the contact destroys the mentioned vortex-like current states, which can be restored by increasing of the temperature.Comment: 6 pages, 8 Figures, Latex Fil

Waiting Time for Specialist Consultation and Visit Requested in the Emergency Department; a Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Waiting time in the hospital directly affects the quality of healthcare providing centers. One of the waiting times in hospital is the time spent waiting for receiving various consultations and visits requested by emergency medicine specialists from specialist services. Objective: The present study was designed and performed to assess the waiting times for receiving specialist visits and consultations requested in the emergency department based on the corresponding service in a referral hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Method: In the present cross-sectional study, patients presenting to emergency department of Dr. Shariati Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, from October 2017 to March 2018, who were in need of visit or consultation from other specialist services based on the opinion of the emergency medicine specialist, were studied. By attending the patients' bedside, the researcher filled out a checklist consisting of demographic data and waiting time of the patients and other probable related factors. Finally, raw data were entered to the computer and after correction of errors were statistically analyzed via SPSS software. Results: Overall, 400 patients with the mean age of 53.3 ± 24.3 years were included in the study, 58.8% of which were male. Mean waiting time for receiving a visit or consultation among the studied patients was 242.0 ± 202.4 (min: 5 and max: 1200) minutes. Mean waiting time for a visit or consultation did not significantly correlate with the corresponding physician being resident or on-call. However, it showed a statistically significant correlation with triage level (p = 0.013), work shift (p = 0.000), type of service requested/the specialist service asked for a consultation or visit (p = 0.049), and the consultation or visit being emergent or non-emergent (p = 0.000). In addition, emergent visits or consultations by on-call physicians had been performed significantly faster than those by resident physicians; while non-emergent visits or consultations by resident physicians had been performed significantly faster than those by on-call physicians (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that patients with triage level 2, emergent visit of consultation and a visit or consultation request in the morning or evening shift wait a shorter time for receiving the visit or consultation. In addition, neurosurgery, nephrology, and pediatrics services had the shortest waiting times, while gastroenterology, gynecology, and infectious disease services had the longest waiting times for giving the visit or consultation requested from them

Neuropathic Pain Prevalence of Older Adults in an Urban Area of Iran: A Population-Based Study

Background. Pain prevalence would increase as the population grows older, but the exact prevalence rate is not apparent in Iran. Objectives. This study, therefore, set out to reveal the prevalence of pain, especially neuropathic type and explore its associated comorbidities among Iranian older adults in a large urban population-based survey. Methods. 5326 older people, aged � 60 years, were randomly chosen by a multistage, cluster sampling method. The selected people then were interviewed by using the following instruments: a standard questionnaire about pain, questions of interview part of Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions (DN4) and its comorbidities, GHQ-28, and a sociodemographic checklist. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were conducted to analyze the gathered data. Results. The average of the participants' age was 68.92 ± 7.02 years. Of 5326 participants, 2529 (47.5) of participants were male. About one-third of this population had chronic pain. Chronic neuropathic pain prevalence was 13.7 and nociceptive in 30. Knee pain (20.6) and feet dysesthesia (7.8) were the most common sites of nociceptive and neuropathic pain, respectively. Results of multiple regression analysis revealed that the major comorbidities of chronic pain were osteoporosis, disability, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. Neuropathic pain experiences were significantly associated with GHQ-28 scores (t=-11.42, P<0.001). Conclusions. In addition to neuropathic pain, other subtypes of pain prevalence and the comorbidities are determined in the community-dwelling elder adults. This study highlights the importance of neuropathic pain and its adverse consequences and can be used to manage this populations' needs in Iran effectively. © 2019 Reza Salman Roghani et al

Relationship between oral health and demographic characteristics in retired elderly people in Iran بررس� ارتباط س�ا٠ت د�ا� با ٠شخصات ج٠ع� تش�اخت� سا�٠�دا� باز�شست�

Objectives The current study aimed to determine the relationship between oral health and demographic characteristics of retired elderly people. Methods & Materials This cross-sectional study was conducted on 158 older adults aged � 60 years. The subjects were selected using random sampling method and personnel codes. All the elderly participants were retired members of the Tehran Municipality Administration. The study data were collected by direct visit to the subjects' place of residence and conducting interviews. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that included 2 sections. The first section consisted of demographic, socioeconomic, and health profiles, while the second section consisted of Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Results We collected data from 158 participants (90 men, 68 women). The mean age of the participants was 68.78 years. The obtained data suggested that 38 (24.05) participants had a poor state of oral health. About 50 of the participants mentioned high dental care costs as a reason for not referring to the dentist. According to the findings of this study, there is a direct relationship between educational level and oral health status in the elderly (P < 0.05). Conclusion Oral and dental health increase the quality of life in the elderly and reduce the high prevalence of dental problems among them. Therefore, designing and implementing practical policies to reduce oral and dental infections in the elderly and promote their health is necessary. © 2019. ا�دا� �د� از ا�� ٠طا�ع�� تع��� ارتباط س�ا٠ت د�ا� با ٠شخصات ج٠ع� تش�اخت� سا�٠�دا� باز�شست� ب�د. ٠�اد � ر�ش �ا ا�� پ���ش ب� ر�ش ت�ص�� �تح���� بر ر�� 158 ��ر سا�٠�د با�ا� 60 سا� تحت پ�شش ساز٠ا� باز�شستگ� ش�ردار� ت�را� ب� ر�ش �٠�� �گ�ر� تصاد�� ا�جا٠شد. داد ��ا ب� ص�رت ٠ست��٠� با ٠صاحب� ٠ست��٠گردآ�ر� شد. ابزار گردآ�ر� داد ��ا شا٠� پرس ش�ا٠� ٠شخصات ج٠ع� تش�اخت� � پرس ش�ا٠� شاخص س�جش س�ا٠ت د�ا� سا�٠�دا� ب�د. �ا�ت� �ا 90 ��ر ) 57 درصد( از پاسخگ��ا� سا�٠�دا� ٠رد � 68 ��ر ) 43 درصد( سا�٠�دا� ز� ب�د�د. ٠�ا�گ�� س� سا�٠�دا� ٠�رد ٠طا�ع� 78 / 68 سا� ب�د. س�ا٠ت د�ا� با س� ) 004 / P=0 (� ج�س ) 034 / P=0 (� � تحص��ات ) 0001 / P=0 ( رابط� ٠ع� �دار داشت. �ضع�ت س�ا٠ت د�ا� � د�دا� سا�٠�دا� ٠رد ب�تر از سا�٠�دا� ز� ب�د. �ت�ج� گ�ر� با ت�ج� ب� ا�٠�ت �را�ا� س�ا٠ت د�ا� � د�دا� در ا�زا�ش ک���ت ز�دگ� سا�٠�دا�� در ��گا٠طراح� ٠داخ�ات برا� ارت�ا� س�ا٠ت د�ا� سا�٠�دا�� ت�ج� ب� ���گ ��ا� ج٠ع� تش�اخت� آ ��ا ضر�ر� ب� �ظر ٠�رسد

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations

Origin and control of spin currents in a magnetic triplet Josephson junction

We study the appearance of a Josephson spin current in a model triplet superconductor junction with a magnetically-active tunnelling barrier. We find three distinct mechanisms for producing a spin current, and we provide a detailed discussion of the symmetry properties and the physical origins of each. By combining these three basic mechanisms, we find that it is possible to exercise fine control over the spin currents. In particular, we show that unlike the charge current, the spin currents on either side of the barrier need not be identical.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, RevTe

Social Algorithms

This article concerns the review of a special class of swarm intelligence based algorithms for solving optimization problems and these algorithms can be referred to as social algorithms. Social algorithms use multiple agents and the social interactions to design rules for algorithms so as to mimic certain successful characteristics of the social/biological systems such as ants, bees, bats, birds and animals.Comment: Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 201