Desarrollo de una aplicación web para la biblioteca virtual del Instituto Tecnológico Victoria Vásconez Cuvi bajo estándares w3c y la arquitectura de la información

Actualmente la educación presenta un gran desafío tecnológico y debe hacer frente a los cambios constantes y acelerados de este ámbito. El uso de las nuevas tecnologías y el uso del internet como medios de producción y difusión de la información son piezas claves en los procesos académicos; debidos a que la educación es una sociedad de conocimiento con competencias exigentes. El uso de estas tecnologías permite un mayor crecimiento, organización, distribución y uso eficiente de la información

A discourse analysis of Rafael Abella's Translation Into spanish of the book “Animal Farm” by George Orwell, Foreign Language Department, University of El Salvador, Year 2022.

This research focused on the Spanish translation of the classic English literary text Animal Farm, written by George Orwell in 1945 and translated by Rafael Abella in 2006. The main concern of this study was related to the issue of equivalence between the two texts, taking into consideration the textual and intertextual evidence of the texts involved. Therefore, this study adopted the research approach of discourse analysis based on the three dimensions by Alonso (1998): informational, structural, and social. The researchers used the descriptive qualitative method to describe the phenomena objectively. The data was collected by reading and highlighting words, phrases, and sentences to analyze the equivalence between the source text and the target text

Efectos de la migración en las formas de ejercicio de autoridad de familias migrantes con adolescentes de 12 a 18 años, de la Colonia Nuevo Calvario, municipio de San Esteban Catarina, 2017

Con el presente trabajo se aporta un enfoque más humano y real del problema social la cual requiere atención inmediata de todos las profesiones y profesionales de las diferentes areas de intervención en el caso de los y las Trabajadores Sociales ante los efectos que provoca la migración en las estructuras familiares y formas de ejercicio de autoridad en familias migrantes con adolescentes de la Colonia Nuevo Calvario del Municipio de San Esteban Catarina; precisando desde la perspectiva del Trabajo Social los efectos que éste problema social causa en relación con los formas de ejercicio de autoridad en las estructuras familiares; contribuyendo a visibilizar, mediante el esfuerzo humano, ético y profesional de indagar y proponer posibles alternativas de solución por medio de una propuesta la cual será divulgada con las instituciones como alcaldía municipal la cual está inmersa y obligada a buscar soluciones a las familias ente este problema social. Sobre la problemática planteada, para ello se utilizaron diversas técnicas para la obtención de la información contextualizada de acuerdo a la población en estudio, tales como: entrevista en profundidad, observación no participativa e historias de vida, con los cuales se recolectó un cúmulo importante de información que sustentó el cumplimiento de los objetivos planteados

Retos en Materia de Gestión Migratoria Derivados de la Nueva Dinámica Sociopolítica Resultante del Aumento del Flujo Migratorio en Europa. Caso de estudio: Xenofobia e Islamofobia en la República Francesa y el Reino de España, durante el periodo 2010-2017.

La presente investigación ̈Retos en Materia de Gestión Migratoria derivados de la Nueva Dinámica Sociopolítica resultante del aumento del Flujo Migratorio en Europa. Caso de Estudio: Xenofobia e Islamofobia en la República Francesa y el Reino de España, durante el período 2010-2017 ̈contiene un estudio desde el enfoque del Constructivismo Social, con un abordaje de elementos de manera deductiva y descriptiva, que influyen en la composición de las sociedades y el comportamiento de todos los Estados, organismos internacionales, organismos regionales, medios de comunicación y de todas las personas. El período comprendido en la investigación es 2010-2017, ya que en este tiempo se experimenta un aumento de la migración hacia Europa como consecuencia de los conflictos que acontecieron luego de la Primavera Árabe, donde población del Medio Oriente se vio obligada a emprender un camino para buscar mejorar su calidad de vida y tener las oportunidades que sus países, en ese momento, no les podían ofrecer. Agregado a eso, el Conflicto Sirio intensificó la movilidad humana en la zona, dando como resultado millones de personas desplazadas forzosamente. A partir de ésta situación, se han identificado elementos que toman protagonismo, como el incremento de la xenofobia e islamofobia a la que se enfrentan la mayoría de personas musulmanas refugiadas en países Europeos. Por ello, han surgido diferentes iniciativas de los Estados, en este caso de la República Francesa y el Reino de España, para respaldar a la población musulmana y migrante, como el marco legal que regula las acciones para la defensa de los derechos humanos. Además, se destaca el rol de la sociedad civil para apoyar a la comunidad musulmana, tomando protagonismo en el seguimiento y acompañamiento para la resolución de casos

Amibas de vida libre en pozas, piscinas y lagos de El Salvador

Se examinan 60 muestras de agua provenientes de 30 sitios del territorio salvadoreño donde se ubican reservorios de agua utilizados por la población de cada muestra incluyó: fecha de colecta, ubicación del lugar, toma de superficie o profundidad, y condición clorada o no clorada. Se sedimento cada muestra y éste se estudio entre lámina y laminilla, utilizando objetivos 10X y 40X del microscopio, en busca de formas móviles de amibas

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

SummaryBackground The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors—the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accounted for 57·8% (95% CI 56·6–58·8) of global deaths and 41·2% (39·8–42·8) of DALYs. In 2015, the ten largest contributors to global DALYs among Level 3 risks were high systolic blood pressure (211·8 million [192·7 million to 231·1 million] global DALYs), smoking (148·6 million [134·2 million to 163·1 million]), high fasting plasma glucose (143·1 million [125·1 million to 163·5 million]), high BMI (120·1 million [83·8 million to 158·4 million]), childhood undernutrition (113·3 million [103·9 million to 123·4 million]), ambient particulate matter (103·1 million [90·8 million to 115·1 million]), high total cholesterol (88·7 million [74·6 million to 105·7 million]), household air pollution (85·6 million [66·7 million to 106·1 million]), alcohol use (85·0 million [77·2 million to 93·0 million]), and diets high in sodium (83·0 million [49·3 million to 127·5 million]). From 1990 to 2015, attributable DALYs declined for micronutrient deficiencies, childhood undernutrition, unsafe sanitation and water, and household air pollution; reductions in risk-deleted DALY rates rather than reductions in exposure drove these declines. Rising exposure contributed to notable increases in attributable DALYs from high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, occupational carcinogens, and drug use. Environmental risks and childhood undernutrition declined steadily with SDI; low physical activity, high BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose increased with SDI. In 119 countries, metabolic risks, such as high BMI and fasting plasma glucose, contributed the most attributable DALYs in 2015. Regionally, smoking still ranked among the leading five risk factors for attributable DALYs in 109 countries; childhood underweight and unsafe sex remained primary drivers of early death and disability in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Interpretation Declines in some key environmental risks have contributed to declines in critical infectious diseases. Some risks appear to be invariant to SDI. Increasing risks, including high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, drug use, and some occupational exposures, contribute to rising burden from some conditions, but also provide opportunities for intervention. Some highly preventable risks, such as smoking, remain major causes of attributable DALYs, even as exposure is declining. Public policy makers need to pay attention to the risks that are increasingly major contributors to global burden. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17 : analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. Methods We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. Findings The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1–65·8), 17·4% (7·7–28·4), and 59·5% (34·2–86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. Interpretation By co-analysing geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden and its key risk factors, we could assess candidate drivers of subnational death reduction. Further, by doing a counterfactual analysis of the remaining disease burden using key risk factors, we identified potential intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. In view of the demands for limited resources in LMICs, accurately quantifying the burden of diarrhoea and its drivers is important for precision public health

Differential clinical characteristics and prognosis of intraventricular conduction defects in patients with chronic heart failure

Intraventricular conduction defects (IVCDs) can impair prognosis of heart failure (HF), but their specific impact is not well established. This study aimed to analyse the clinical profile and outcomes of HF patients with LBBB, right bundle branch block (RBBB), left anterior fascicular block (LAFB), and no IVCDs. Clinical variables and outcomes after a median follow-up of 21 months were analysed in 1762 patients with chronic HF and LBBB (n = 532), RBBB (n = 134), LAFB (n = 154), and no IVCDs (n = 942). LBBB was associated with more marked LV dilation, depressed LVEF, and mitral valve regurgitation. Patients with RBBB presented overt signs of congestive HF and depressed right ventricular motion. The LAFB group presented intermediate clinical characteristics, and patients with no IVCDs were more often women with less enlarged left ventricles and less depressed LVEF. Death occurred in 332 patients (interannual mortality = 10.8%): cardiovascular in 257, extravascular in 61, and of unknown origin in 14 patients. Cardiac death occurred in 230 (pump failure in 171 and sudden death in 59). An adjusted Cox model showed higher risk of cardiac death and pump failure death in the LBBB and RBBB than in the LAFB and the no IVCD groups. LBBB and RBBB are associated with different clinical profiles and both are independent predictors of increased risk of cardiac death in patients with HF. A more favourable prognosis was observed in patients with LAFB and in those free of IVCDs. Further research in HF patients with RBBB is warranted

Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Effectiveness after 12 Years in Madrid (Spain)

A fully government-funded human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program started in 2007 in Spain (only 11–14-year-old girls). The first of those vaccinated cohorts, with the quadrivalent vaccine (Gardasil), turned 25 years old in 2018, the age at which cervical cancer screening begins in Spain. The current study could provide the first evidence about the effectiveness of the quadrivalent vaccine against HPV in Spain and the influence of age of vaccination. The present ambispective cohort study, which was conducted on 790 women aged 25 and 26 years old, compares the rate of HPV prevalence and cytologic anomaly according to the vaccination status. The overall infection rate was 40.09% (vaccinated group) vs. 40.6% (non-vaccinated group). There was a significant reduction in the prevalence of HPV 6 (0% vs. 1.3%) and 16 (2.4% vs. 6.1%), and in the prevalence of cytological abnormalities linked to HPV16: Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) (2.04% vs. 14%), Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LSIL) (2.94% vs. 18.7%) and High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) (0% vs. 40%), in the vaccinated group vs. the non-vaccinated group. Only one case of HPV11 and two cases of HPV18 were detected. The vaccine effectively reduces the prevalence of vaccine genotypes and cytological anomalies linked to these genotypes