Evaluación de la ocurrencia y del impacto ambiental de los plaguicidas presentes en regiones cercanas al embalse de Itaipu

Anais do II Encontro de Iniciação Científica e de Extensão da Unila - Sessão de Química - 03/07/13 – 13h30 às 18h30 - Unila-PTI - Bloco 03 – Espaço 03 – Sala 02El auge de la agricultura brasilera y del agroneg ́ocio en los u ́ ltimos a ̃ nos es notorio. Ese pro- ceso acarre ́ o el implemento de variables sobre el factor tierra, entre ́estas variables enfatizamos la utilizaci ́ on de insumos agr ́ ıcolas. Adem ́as de poseer aspectos positivos en el ́ ambito econ ́omico, tambi ́en se presencia los aspectos negativos que sobre caen en los impactos ambientales. En ese contexto, ese proyecto ha evaluado el empleo de los plaguicidas y su relaci ́on directa con la utilizaci ́ on de esos compuestos con el riesgo ambiental de ́estos insumos, la clasificaci ́on de los mismos, como tambi ́en las leyes y normativas aplicadas en Brasil. Inicialmente se han evaluado datos de monitoramiento ambiental realizados entre los a ̃ nos de 2004-2007 en el agua del em- balse de Itaipu. El an ́alisis de esos datos demostr ́o que, en su momento, los m ́etodos anal ́ ıticos utilizados en la determinaci ́on de plaguicidas en muestras de agua del embalse de Itaipu, pre- sentaba limitaciones. De esa forma, en su mayor ́ ıa, las determinaciones no han detectado la presencia de plaguicidas. A continuaci ́on, el desarrollo del trabajo se centr ́o en la elaboraci ́on y realizaci ́on de cuestionarios y entrevistas a agricultores que comercializan sus productos en el municipio de Foz do Iguaz ́ u, espec ́ ıficamente en la central de abastecimiento CEASA-PR. Con los resultados se levantaron datos estad ́ ısticos con relaci ́ on a la utilizaci ́ on de insumos agr ́ ıcolas en la producci ́on. La encuesta se ̃ nal ́o que el 100% utilizan plaguicidas en sus cultivos una vez que su empleo eleva la productividad. El 14% posee su producci ́ on en el municipio de Foz de Iguaz ́ u, mientras que el 86% concentra sus tierras en regiones cercanas al municipio. Adem ́as, el 71% de los agricultores lleva menos de 15 a ̃ nos comercializando sus productos en el CEASA-PR, mientras que el 29% se dedica a eso a m ́ as de 30 a ̃ nos. El 43% de los productores poseen mayor cantidad de compradores familiares, mientras que el 57% poseen mayor cantidad de compradores comerciales. Finalmente, en la entrevista, muchos de los agricultores se ̃ nalan que la utilizaci ́ on de los plaguicidas en esa regi ́on se justifica una vez que a los compradores beneficia el factor econ ́omico, que es lo determinante y, en general, el uso de plaguicidas no es un tema de pre- ocupaci ́ on. Adem ́as debemos considerar que los productos org ́ anicos tienen un valor agregado superior y por esa raz ́on su cultivo no es estimulado.Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA

Diferenciação floral em cafeeiro arábica (Coffea arabica L.) sob diferentes níveis de radiação

Little is known about the radiation effect on the induction and differentiation phases of reproductive nodes of Coffea arabica L. This knowledge would allow defining shading levels, or planting densities, appropriate to maximize the development, the production and the sustainability of the coffee crop. Floral differentiation was evaluated in plants of ‘Catuai Vermelho IAC 81, cultivated under four radiation regimes (30, 50, 70 and 100%), by using different plastic screens. Plagiotropic branches with fruits were collected from february to september, for two consecutive years. Slides of longitudinal sections of the node regions were mounted for the characterization and quantification of histological stages of bud differentiation. The undifferentiated buds formation began in February and, their differentiation to reproductive buds, in April/May. At the end of July practically all buds were already reproducing. The percentage of undifferentiated buds in February was 50% lower in 2005 because the sample branches had a large number of fruits in the basal region, indicating that the branches in a year of high production show a delay in flower bud differentiation in relation to the branches with few fruits during low productive years. The intermediate levels of shading, 50 to 70%, solar radiation, anticipated the development of buds from the plants grown under full sun in years of high production, the opposite occurred in the low productive years. The percentage of undifferentiated buds between irradiance treatments varied more than the percentage of reproductive buds, indicating that the radiation intensity has a greater effect in the early stages of floral differentiation.São poucas as informações sobre a influência da radiação nos processos de indução e diferenciação de gemas reprodutivas em Coffea arabica L. Esse conhecimento permite definir níveis de sombreamento ou a densidade de plantio para maximizar o desenvolvimento, a produção e a sustentabilidade dessa cultura. Avaliou-se a diferenciação floral da cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81, sob quatro níveis de radiação solar (30, 50, 70 e 100%), obtidos com o uso de telas de sombrites. Ramos plagiotrópicos com frutos foram coletados, de fevereiro a setembro, durante dois anos consecutivos. Lâminas contendo cortes longitudinais na região do nó foram preparadas para a caracterização e quantificação dos estádios de diferenciação histológica. A formação de gemas indiferenciadas teve início no mês de fevereiro e sua diferenciação para gemas reprodutivas, em abril/maio. No final de julho, quase todas as gemas já eram reprodutivas. A porcentagem de gemas indiferenciadas no mês de fevereiro foi 50% menor em 2005, porque os ramos amostrados apresentavam um grande número de frutos na região basal, indicando que nos ramos de cafeeiro de anos de alta produção, ocorre um atraso na diferenciação das gemas florais em relação aos ramos com poucos frutos de ano de baixa produção. Os níveis intermediários de sombreamento, 50 e 70% de radiação solar, anteciparam o desenvolvimento das gemas no ano de alta produção, ocorrendo o inverso no ano de baixa produção. A radiação possui um efeito maior nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento floral

Bats and hawkmoths form mixed modules with flowering plants in a nocturnal interaction network

Based on the conceptual framework of pollination syndromes, pollination networks should be composed of well-delimited subgroups formed by plants that diverge in floral phenotypes and are visited by taxonomically different pollinators. Nevertheless, floral traits are not always accurate in predicting floral visitors. For instance, flowers adapted to bat-pollination are larger and wider, enabling the exploitation by other nocturnal animals, such as hawkmoths. Thus, should an interaction network comprising bats and hawkmoths, the most important nocturnal pollinators in the tropics, be formed of mixed-taxon modules due to cross-syndrome interactions? Here, we analyzed such a network to test whether resource plants are shared between the two taxa, and how modules differ in terms of species morphologies. We sampled interactions through pollen grains collected from floral visitors in a Caatinga dry forest in northeastern Brazil. The network was modular yet interwoven by cross-syndrome interactions. Hawkmoths showed no restriction to visit the wider chiropterophilous flowers. Furthermore, bats represented a subset of a hawkmoth-dominated network, as they were restricted to chiropterophilous flowers due to constraints in accessing narrower sphingophilous flowers. As such, the bat-dominated module encompassed relatively wider flowers, but hawkmoths, especially long-tongued ones, were unrestricted by floral width or length. Thus, pollination of flowers with open architectures must be investigated with caution, as they are accessible to a wide array of floral visitors, which may result in mixed-pollination systems. Future research should continue to integrate different syndromes and pollinator groups in order to reach a better understanding of how pollination-related functions emerge from community-level interactions. Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.Fil: Queiroz, Joel A.. Universidade Estadual da Paraiba; BrasilFil: Diniz, Ugo M.. Universidade do Brasília; BrasilFil: Vazquez, Diego P.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Quirino, Zelma M.. Universidade Estadual da Paraiba; BrasilFil: Santos, Francisco A. R.. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; BrasilFil: Mello, Marco A. R.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Machado, Isabel. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Brasi

EVALUATION OF THE PROTEIN QUALITY OF BEANS, CORN, AND WHEAT GRAINS INFESTED BY INSECT PESTS

Insect infestation of grains causes several types of damage, including reduced grain weight, heat damage and consequent deterioration, diminished market value, and decreased nutritional value due to grain consumption by insects. The goal of this study was to compare the digestibility, chemical score, protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and net protein ratio (NPR) of infested and uninfested grain flours. This study found that infested grain flours had higher nitrogen contents than uninfested grain flours. The presence of insects did not alter the digestibility of the analyzed grains. However, insects decreased the PER and NPR for beans but not corn and wheat. Similarly, there was a greater reduction in the levels of essential amino acids for beans than for corn and wheat. Insect infestation reduces the nutritional quality of grains, although the type of insect and the grain quality determine the extent of this reductio

Connecting polymers to the quantum Hall plateau transition

A mapping is developed between the quantum Hall plateau transition and two-dimensional self-interacting lattice polymers. This mapping is exact in the classical percolation limit of the plateau transition, and diffusive behavior at the critical energy is shown to be related to the critical exponents of a class of chiral polymers at the $\theta$-point. The exact critical exponents of the chiral polymer model on the honeycomb lattice are found, verifying that this model is in the same universality class as a previously solved model of polymers on the Manhattan lattice. The mapping is obtained by averaging analytically over the local random potentials in a previously studied lattice model for the classical plateau transition. This average generates a weight on chiral polymers associated with the classical localization length exponent $\nu = 4/3$. We discuss the differences between the classical and quantum transitions in the context of polymer models and use numerical results on higher-moment scaling laws at the quantum transition to constrain possible polymer descriptions. Some properties of the polymer models are verified by transfer matrix and Monte Carlo studies.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

Circunferência da cintura como indicador de gordura corporal e alterações metabólicas em adolescentes: comparação entre quatro referências

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a validade diagnóstica de quatro tabelas de referência para circunferência da cintura em adolescentes do sexo feminino para detecção de alterações lipídicas, hiperinsulinemia, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) elevado, hiperleptinemia e elevada adiposidade corporal. MÉTODOS: Avaliadas 113 adolescentes com idade entre 14 e 19 anos, provenientes de escolas públicas de Viçosa (MG). Em amostras de sangue foram dosados colesterol total, LDL, HDL, triglicerídeos, insulina e leptina. Determinado percentual de gordura corporal através de bioimpedância elétrica tetrapolar. Pela medida de menor diâmetro abdominal foi determinada a circunferência da cintura do abdômen e calculados valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e negativo. Foram elaboradas tabelas de contingência de classificação de circunferência da cintura em adolescentes para quatro critérios: Freedman et al., 1999; Taylor et al., 2000; McCarthy et al., 2001; e Moreno et al., 2007. RESULTADOS: Valores de sensibilidade em geral foram baixos para as referências avaliadas, sendo os maiores obtidos para a de McCarthy et al. Ao contrário, as especificidades foram altas, principalmente para a tabela de Freedman et al. Os valores preditivos positivos foram mais relevantes para colesterol total e percentual de gordura corporal. CONCLUSÃO: Os pontos de corte para circunferência da cintura de McCarthy et al. demonstraram-se os mais adequados para avaliações populacionais. A proposta de Freedman et al. por apresentar maior especificidade, é útil para uso clínico e pode substituir a realização de exames de custo elevado que em muitos locais não se encontram ao alcance dos profissionais de saúde, como leptina e insulina.OBJECTIVE: Assess diagnostic validity of four reference tables for waist circumference in female teenagers in order to detect lipid alterations, hyperinsulin, elevated homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), hyperleptinemia and excess of body adiposity. METHODS: A total of 133 female subjects, ranging from 14 to 19 years opf age , were evaluated. All adolescents were recruited from public schools in Viçosa/MG. Blood samples were collected for determination of fasting plasma cholesterol total, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, insulin and leptin. Percentage of body fat was determined through tetrapolar electrical bioimpedance. Using the smallest abdominal measure it was possible to determine waist circumference and calculated values of sensibility, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Waist circumference contingency tables were obtained using four criteria: Freedman et al., 1999; Taylor et al., 2000; McCarthy et al., 2001; e Moreno et al., 2007. RESULTS: In general, sensibility values were low for circumferences assessed and the highest values were obtained for the table of Mc Carthy et al., on the other hand, specificity values were high considering the table of Freedman et al. The positive predictive values were more relevant for total cholesterol and body fat percentage. CONCLUSION: Cutoffs for waist circumference used by Mc Carthy et al. were the most appropriate for populational assessments. Freedman's et al. proposal is appropriate for clinical use since it presents higher specificity. In addition, it can substitute high costs exams, out of the professionals' reach such as insulin and leptin

Aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos da tuberculose no estado do Amapá

Introdução: A tuberculose é uma infecção bacteriana contagiosa causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Seus sintomas podem incluir tosse persistente por mais de três semanas, com ou sem catarro; febre baixa; suores noturnos; perda de peso; cansaço excessivo; falta de apetite; dor no peito; e dispneia. Objetivo: Analisar os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos dos casos de tuberculose notificados no Estado do Amapá. Método: Trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo de caráter retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram incluídos casos com diagnóstico de tuberculose notificados no Estado do Amapá, Brasil, no período de 2018 a 2022. Os dados do estudo foram obtidos por meio do Sistema de Agravo de Notificação (SINAN). Resultados: No período de 2018 a 2022, foram notificados 1809 casos de tuberculose no Estado do Amapá. Nos dois últimos anos da série analisada houve um coeficiente de incidência superior a taxa nacional. a grande maioria (63,6%) das pessoas informaram residir na capital Macapá. Houve 81,2% de casos novos, seguido de 6,6% de reingressos após abandono. A forma subclínica que predominou foi a pulmonar (85,5%). Houve baixo registro da realização do Tratamento Diretamente Observado (TDO) e da baciloscopia de controle. Conclusão: Observou-se um quadro epidemiológico semelhante ao de outros estudos, como predomínio de adultos do sexo masculinos, baixa escolaridade, incluindo alguns casos de população privada de liberdade e em situação de rua. Além disso, a porcentagem do desfecho de cura não ficou dentro do preconizado como meta da OMS

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

Zoneamento Ambiental da Microbacia Hidrográfica do Açude Caripina no Município de Riacho de Santana, RN

O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar o zoneamento da Microbacia Hidrográfica do Açude Caripina de Riacho de Santana (MBHACRS), mediante análise morfométrica tendo como suporte os Sistemas de Informações Geográficas – SIG. Com o auxílio desses softwares, foram elaborados mapas temáticos e as análises foram realizadas de acordo com a Resolução CONAMA nº 303/2002 e o Código Florestal Lei Nº 12.651/2012. Classificou-se a rede de drenagem como de 3ª ordem, o relevo predominante ondulado e declividade média entre 3 a 8%. Observou-se a necessidade de delimitação de APP’s de acordo com as legislações vigentes para cada tipo encostas, nascentes e entorno de lagos e lagoas naturais. A MBHACRS mostrou-se relevante para o desenvolvimento social e ambiental da região, tendo em vista que engloba o principal reservatório do município de Riacho de Santana - RN

Model International Mobility Convention

While people are as mobile as they ever were in our globalized world, the movement of people across borders lacks global regulation. This leaves many refugees in protracted displacement and many migrants unprotected in irregular and dire situations. Meanwhile, some states have become concerned that their borders have become irrelevant. International mobility—the movement of individuals across borders for any length of time as visitors, students, tourists, labor migrants, entrepreneurs, long-term residents, asylum seekers, or refugees—has no common definition or legal framework. To address this key gap in international law, and the growing gaps in protection and responsibility that are leaving people vulnerable, the "Model International Mobility Convention" proposes a framework for mobility with the goals of reaffirming the existing rights afforded to mobile people (and the corresponding rights and responsibilities of states) as well as expanding those basic rights where warranted. In 213 articles divided over eight chapters, the Convention establishes both the minimum rights afforded to all people who cross state borders as visitors, and the special rights afforded to tourists, students, migrant workers, investors and residents, forced migrants, refugees, migrant victims of trafficking and migrants caught in countries in crisis. Some of these categories are covered by existing international legal regimes. However, in this Convention these groups are for the first time brought together under a single framework. An essential feature of the Convention is that it is cumulative. This means, for the most part, that the chapters build on and add rights to the set of rights afforded to categories of migrants covered by earlier chapters. The Convention contains not only provisions that afford rights to migrants and, to a lesser extent, States (such as the right to decide who can enter and remain in their territory). It also articulates the responsibilities of migrants vis-à-vis States and the rights and responsibilities of different institutions that do not directly respond to a right held by migrants