La question dans les « textes bilingues » : analyse contrastive

La question dans les « textes bilingues » : analyse contrastive – Cette analyse a pour but de montrer dans quels domaines particuliers l'usage de la question diffère en anglais et en français. Elle se propose d'attirer l'attention des traducteurs sur les parties du discours que les francophones abordent spontanément par une forme interrogative et les anglophones par une déclarative, afin que les textes bilingues puissent comporter une proportion de questions plus conforme à celle que l'on a relevée dans les textes bilingues.Using the Question in English and French: a Contrastive Analysis – This article shows the areas in which English and French depart in their usage of interrogation. It brings to the translator's attention the discursive contexts where francophones tend to use an interrogative and anglophones a declarative sentence. This will help maintain in translations a proportion of these forms more consistent with the patterns observed in original French or English texts

Genes Suggest Ancestral Colour Polymorphisms Are Shared across Morphologically Cryptic Species in Arctic Bumblebees

email Suzanne orcd idCopyright: © 2015 Williams et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Steppes, savannahs, forests and phytodiversity reservoirs during the Pleistocene in the Iberian Peninsula

A palaeobotanical analysis of the Pleistocene floras and vegetation in the Iberian Peninsula shows the existence of patched landscapes with Pinus woodlands, deciduous and mixed forests, parklands (savannah-like), shrublands, steppes and grasslands. Extinctions of Arctotertiary woody taxa are recorded during the Early and Middle Pleistocene, but glacial refugia facilitated the survival of a number of temperate, Mediterranean and Ibero-North African woody angiosperms. The responses of Iberian vegetation to climatic changes during the Pleistocene have been spatially and temporarily complex, including rapid changes of vegetation in parallel to orbital and suborbital variability, and situations of multi-centennial resilience or accommodation to climatic changes. Regional characteristics emerged as soon as for the Middle Pleistocene, if not earlier: Ericaceae in the Atlantic coast indicating wetter climate, thermo-mediterranean elements in the south as currently, and broad-leaf trees in the northeastern. Overall, steppe landscapes and open Pinus woodlands prevailed over many continental regions during the cold spells of the Late Pleistocene. The maintenance of a high phytodiversity during the glacials was linked to several refuge zones in the coastal shelves of the Mediterranean and intramountainous valleys. Northern Iberia, especially on coastal areas, was also patched with populations of tree species, and this is not only documented by palaeobotanical data (pollen, charcoal) but also postulated by phylogeographical models

Hrs and SNX3 Functions in Sorting and Membrane Invagination within Multivesicular Bodies

After internalization, ubiquitinated signaling receptors are delivered to early endosomes. There, they are sorted and incorporated into the intralumenal invaginations of nascent multivesicular bodies, which function as transport intermediates to late endosomes. Receptor sorting is achieved by Hrs—an adaptor-like protein that binds membrane PtdIns3P via a FYVE motif—and then by ESCRT complexes, which presumably also mediate the invagination process. Eventually, intralumenal vesicles are delivered to lysosomes, leading to the notion that EGF receptor sorting into multivesicular bodies mediates lysosomal targeting. Here, we report that Hrs is essential for lysosomal targeting but dispensable for multivesicular body biogenesis and transport to late endosomes. By contrast, we find that the PtdIns3P-binding protein SNX3 is required for multivesicular body formation, but not for EGF receptor degradation. PtdIns3P thus controls the complementary functions of Hrs and SNX3 in sorting and multivesicular body biogenesis

A reference map of the human binary protein interactome.

Global insights into cellular organization and genome function require comprehensive understanding of the interactome networks that mediate genotype-phenotype relationships(1,2). Here we present a human 'all-by-all' reference interactome map of human binary protein interactions, or 'HuRI'. With approximately 53,000 protein-protein interactions, HuRI has approximately four times as many such interactions as there are high-quality curated interactions from small-scale studies. The integration of HuRI with genome(3), transcriptome(4) and proteome(5) data enables cellular function to be studied within most physiological or pathological cellular contexts. We demonstrate the utility of HuRI in identifying the specific subcellular roles of protein-protein interactions. Inferred tissue-specific networks reveal general principles for the formation of cellular context-specific functions and elucidate potential molecular mechanisms that might underlie tissue-specific phenotypes of Mendelian diseases. HuRI is a systematic proteome-wide reference that links genomic variation to phenotypic outcomes

Vers une contractualisation Etat-région pour la réduction des gaz à effets de serre d\u27origine forestière

Suzanne Pons présente le carbone ainsi que le phénomène de stockage et de déstockage. "Il s\u27agit d\u27éviter le déstockage du carbone tout en permettant le développement endogène d\u27une population qui puisse avoir recours à son territoire pour des raisons d\u27alimentation mais également de production d\u27électricité sobre, exempt de production de gaz carbonique, cette proposition se fonde sur quatre axes complémentaires. D\u27abord le développement d\u27une filière bois énergie. Ensuite la planification et l\u27aménagement des zones où seront installés les agriculteurs. La mise en place d\u27un observatoire de l\u27énergie carbone. Et enfin, la démonstration de l\u27existence d\u27une volonté politique de contrôle.

Politiques de développement durable en Guyane : souveraineté sur les ressources forestières

The imperative of sustainable development suggests reconsidering the status and use of natural resources. It leads French Guiana to claim self-rule regarding the management of its natural resources, paramount among them : the tropical forest.Reference to market-based instruments in environmental policies has created new commodities. International conventions thus generated vast expectations about merchandising genetic resources (Convention on Biological Diversity) or carbon (Convention on Climate Change). Access to these potential markets remains however highly problematic for French Guiana. While its inclusion in the Amazonian ecosystem provides many benefits, its status as a French department prohibits a free use of its forest resources.French Guiana looks consequently for new ways to exploit the forest through endogenous development policies, breaking with national policies. It thus offers institutions and specific legislation for genetic resources, based on the experience of the Amazonian Park of French Guiana. It also implements a policy of energy independence from biomass, linking the energy issue with forestry, agricultural settlements and land use planningOur research topics focus on dissemination of internationally developed environmental standards and their adaptation to local conditions. Addressing jointly biodiversity and biomass helps to illustrate regular patterns and limitations in strategies for sustainable development

Consommation de psychotropes dans une population de toxicomanes (résultats au travers d'une enquête en Languedoc-Roussillon)

MONTPELLIER-BU Pharmacie (341722105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Projet GFClim « Gestion Forestière et Changements Climatiques en Guyane Française »

E-magazine of the Fondation de l'Université de Guyane and the Agence de la transition écologique (Agency for Ecological Transition) in accordance with ADEME/UG agreement 20GYC0082E-magazine de la Fondation de l’Université de Guyane et de l’Agence de la transition écologique selon convention ADEME/UG 20GYC008