Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections among Cystic Fibrosis Patients, Israel

A multicenter cross-sectional study showed prevalence appears to be increasing

Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections among Cystic Fibrosis Patients, Israel

A multicenter cross-sectional study showed prevalence appears to be increasing

Vocal Interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals, and Robots

Almost all animals exploit vocal signals for a range of ecologically motivated purposes: detecting predators/prey and marking territory, expressing emotions, establishing social relations, and sharing information. Whether it is a bird raising an alarm, a whale calling to potential partners, a dog responding to human commands, a parent reading a story with a child, or a business-person accessing stock prices using Siri, vocalization provides a valuable communication channel through which behavior may be coordinated and controlled, and information may be distributed and acquired. Indeed, the ubiquity of vocal interaction has led to research across an extremely diverse array of fields, from assessing animal welfare, to understanding the precursors of human language, to developing voice-based human–machine interaction. Opportunities for cross-fertilization between these fields abound; for example, using artificial cognitive agents to investigate contemporary theories of language grounding, using machine learning to analyze different habitats or adding vocal expressivity to the next generation of language-enabled autonomous social agents. However, much of the research is conducted within well-defined disciplinary boundaries, and many fundamental issues remain. This paper attempts to redress the balance by presenting a comparative review of vocal interaction within-and-between humans, animals, and artificial agents (such as robots), and it identifies a rich set of open research questions that may benefit from an interdisciplinary analysis

Bone ultrasound velocity in pediatric intensive care unit: a pilot study

Abstract Background: Bone loss has been documented in adults in intensive care wards. Children admitted to pediatric intensive care units (PICU) are also exposed to many potential risk factors for bone loss such as immobilization, catabolic state, and nutritional depletion. Quantitative ultrasound technique that measures speed of sound (SOS) correlates with bone mineral density (BMD) and strength. Herein is a clinical prospective longitudinal, observational pilot study to evaluate early bone changes that occur during the first few days of PICU admission. Methods: Children are hospitalized in a pediatric intensive under general anesthesia and muscle paralysis. Bone SOS at the mid-shaft tibia was measured on the first day of hospitalization and on days 2 to 3 thereafter. Results: Nineteen children were studied. Bone SOS decreased during the first 3 days of hospitalization from 3,297 ± 315 to 3,260 ± 311 m/min (p < 0.05). The decrease was approximately 1% of the original SOS over the first 2 to 3 days of admission. Conclusion: There is a significant decrease in bone strength after 3 days in pediatric patients admitted to an intensive care department. Longitudinal studies of a larger group of children are necessary to determine the clinical meaning of the results and to possibly evaluate preventive approaches

Pré-conférence du GER ICOS - Circulation des savoirs et dispositifs numériques de médiation, d’éducationet de prévention à la santé

Health issues are omnipresent in the public space and in discourses, whether political, scientific, institutional or media. The classic typologies distinguishing between specialized medical information, public information produced by institutions and information for the general public and popularized information offer a framework for analyzing these discourses. These typologies are now questionable because the «medicalization of society» has led to a multiplication of actors likely to produce health information and to an increasing mediatization of medical knowledge. These discourses on health emanate from numerous actors, who may be external to the field or part of it, such as publishers, researchers, institutions, patients’ associations, content manufacturers, etc. They are embodied in the policies of the government and the media. They are embodied in public policies, scientific publications, traditional and social digital media. This conference proposes to question the mobilization of exchange platforms and digital training devices in the context of health prevention.Les questions de santé sont omniprésentes dans l’espace public et dans les discours, qu’ils soient politiques, scientifiques, institutionnels ou médiatiques. Les typologies classiques distinguant l’information médicale spécialisée, l’information publique produite par les institutions et l’information grand public et vulgarisée proposent un cadre d’analyse de ces discours. Ces typologies sont aujourd’hui discutables car la “médicalisation de la société” a conduit à une multiplication des acteurs susceptibles de produire des informations de santé et à une médiatisation croissante des connaissances médicales. Ces discours sur la santé émanent d’acteurs nombreux, qui peuvent être externes au domaine ou en faire partie, ce sont des éditeurs, chercheurs, institutions, associations de patients, industriels de contenu, etc. Ils s’incarnent dans les politiques publiques, les publications scientifiques, les médias traditionnels et sociaux numériques. Cette conférence propose d’interroger la mobilisation des plateformes d’échanges et les dispositifs numériques de formation dans le cadre de la prévention santé dans le cadre de la prévention santé

Pré-conférence du GER ICOS - Circulation des savoirs et dispositifs numériques de médiation, d’éducationet de prévention à la santé

Health issues are omnipresent in the public space and in discourses, whether political, scientific, institutional or media. The classic typologies distinguishing between specialized medical information, public information produced by institutions and information for the general public and popularized information offer a framework for analyzing these discourses. These typologies are now questionable because the «medicalization of society» has led to a multiplication of actors likely to produce health information and to an increasing mediatization of medical knowledge. These discourses on health emanate from numerous actors, who may be external to the field or part of it, such as publishers, researchers, institutions, patients’ associations, content manufacturers, etc. They are embodied in the policies of the government and the media. They are embodied in public policies, scientific publications, traditional and social digital media. This conference proposes to question the mobilization of exchange platforms and digital training devices in the context of health prevention.Les questions de santé sont omniprésentes dans l’espace public et dans les discours, qu’ils soient politiques, scientifiques, institutionnels ou médiatiques. Les typologies classiques distinguant l’information médicale spécialisée, l’information publique produite par les institutions et l’information grand public et vulgarisée proposent un cadre d’analyse de ces discours. Ces typologies sont aujourd’hui discutables car la “médicalisation de la société” a conduit à une multiplication des acteurs susceptibles de produire des informations de santé et à une médiatisation croissante des connaissances médicales. Ces discours sur la santé émanent d’acteurs nombreux, qui peuvent être externes au domaine ou en faire partie, ce sont des éditeurs, chercheurs, institutions, associations de patients, industriels de contenu, etc. Ils s’incarnent dans les politiques publiques, les publications scientifiques, les médias traditionnels et sociaux numériques. Cette conférence propose d’interroger la mobilisation des plateformes d’échanges et les dispositifs numériques de formation dans le cadre de la prévention santé dans le cadre de la prévention santé

Chimeric antigen receptor T ‐cells safety: A pharmacovigilance and meta‐analysis study

International audienceChimeric-antigen-receptor T cells directed against CD19 (CAR-T) are emerging hematological therapeutics with scarce data on its overall safety profile spectrum. To determine the clinical features and incidence of adverse-drug reactions (ADR) associated with CAR-T. This observational, cross-sectional, pharmacovigilance cohort study examined individual case safety reports from the World Health Organization database VigiBase and meta-analysis of data from CAR-T trials and cohorts in the literature was also performed through March, 2020. The primary objective was to identify ADR associated with approved CAR-T (axicabtagene-ciloleucel; tisagenlecleucel). We conducted a Bayesian disproportionate analysis with the 95% lower credibility-interval of information component (IC025 , significance > 0). We also performed a systematic-review and meta-analysis of CAR-T trials and cohorts in the literature to evaluate ADR incidence. Nine ADR classes were associated with CAR-T: Cytokine release syndrome (CRS, n = 1378, IC025 = 4.24), neurological disorders (n = 963, IC025 = 2.42), hematological disorders (n = 532, IC025 = 3.32), infections (n = 287, IC025 = 2.38), cardiovascular disorders (n = 256, IC025 = 2.81), pulmonary disorders (n = 186, IC025 = 3.80), reno-metabolic disorders (n = 123, IC025 = 1.89), hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis (n = 36, IC025 = 5.01) and hepatic disorders (n = 32, IC025 = 2.49). ADR-related fatalities accounted for 99/1783 (5.5%) of the reports and 262/1783 (14.7%) for all-cause mortality. These ADR-related fatalities were associated with hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis, cerebral vascular disorder, infections, and respiratory failure. In meta-analyses, the most frequent any-grade ADRs were CRS, hematological disorders, and neurological disorders. Fatal ADR were most found with neurological disorders, CRS, and infections. Note, CAR-T infusion may be associated with severe ADR mainly following the week of administration, though rarely fatal. Infections, hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis and end organ failures including neurological or lung involvements require scrutiny

ICU strain and outcome in COVID-19 patients—A multicenter retrospective observational study

Purpose To compare the characteristics, management, and prognosis of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) for coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 during the first two waves of the outbreak and to evaluate the relationship between ICU strain (ICU demand due to COVID-19 admissions) and mortality. Methods In a multicentre retrospective study, 1166 COVID-19 patients admitted to five ICUs in France between 20 February and 31 December 2020 were included. Data were collected at each ICU from medical records. A Cox proportional-hazards model identified factors associated with 28-day mortality. Results 640 patients (55%) were admitted during the first wave (February to June 2020) and 526 (45%) during the second wave (July to December 2020). ICU strain was lower during the second wave (-0.81 [-1.04 –-0.31] vs. 1.18 [-0.34–1.29] SD when compared to mean COVID-19 admission in each center during study period, PConclusion The characteristics and the management of patients varied between the first and the second wave of the pandemic. Rather than the wave, ICU strain was independently associated with 28-day mortality, but not with hospital mortality

Lung transplantation in HIV-positive patients:a european retrospective cohort study

International audienc