Hacia una visión compartida sobre la seguridad climática en Guatemala

Este infore explora las interconexiones entre el cambio climático, la seguridad humana y los conflictos en Guatemala basándose en el Taller sobre Seguridad Climática celebrado en Ciudad de Guatemala los días 21 y 22 de febrero de 2023. Las implicaciones del cambio climático para la seguridad, comúnmente conocidas como el nexo clima-seguridad, han sido ampliamente discutidas tanto en círculos políticos como académicos. La seguridad climática se refiere las amenazas y riesgos de seguridad a estados, sociedades e individuos causados directa o indirectamente por los efectos del cambio climático. Los riesgos de seguridad en este documento son entendidos de una manera amplia enfocándose no solo en los riesgos de seguridad nacional vistos desde el punto de vista de los estados sino, principalmente, en los riesgos de seguridad humana enfocados en los retos para la supervivencia y los medios de vida de la población que incluye la seguridad económica, alimentaria, sanitaria, medioambiental, personal, comunitaria y política (UNTFHS, 2016)

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Aislamiento y caracterización de lactobacilos con actividad feruloil esterasa a partir de soja y maíz

El ácido ferúlico es un compuesto fenólico con propiedades funcionales (quimioprotector, antioxidante, hipoglucemiante e hipolipemiante). Se encuentra en los vegetales como éster unido covalentemente a polisacáridos de la pared celular. Su biodisponibilidad depende de la enzima Feruloil Esterasa (FE), la cual es responsable de su hidrólisis y liberación. La presencia de FE en las bacterias lácticas (BL) es de sumo interés por su potencial empleo en el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales destinados al hombre y/o animales. Por lo tanto, resulta importante la incorporación de cepas de BL con actividad FE en productos alimenticios elaborados a partir de maíz y soja. El objetivo del trabajo fue aislar BL a partir de soja y planta de maíz con la finalidad de seleccionar aquellas que presenten actividad FE para ser utilizadas como nuevos cultivos funcionales. Materiales y métodos: A partir de planta de maíz ensilado durante 30 días y de semillas de soja fermentadas por 5 días se procedió al aislamiento de BL en medio de cultivo agarizado, MRS pH 5,5 y en MRS sin glucosa adicionado de etil ferulato 0,1% (MRS-EF) pH 6,5 (72h a 37°C). Las colonias aisladas fueron activadas en MRS caldo y se realizó tinción de Gram y actividad catalasa. En las bacterias Gram positivas, catalasa negativa se evaluó la presencia de actividad FE en MRS-EF (72h a 37°C) (Abeijón Mukdsi y col., 2009). Los aislados FE positiva fueron identificados a nivel de género por FISH utilizando una sonda fluorescente que hibrida específicamente con {Lactobacillus} (Babot y col., 2011). Para la selección de cepas se realizó rep-PCR (Gevers y col., 2001). Los geles teñidos con gel red fueron analizados con el programa GelJ. En las cepas se determinó la velocidad máxima (V_MÁX) de acidificación, tipo de fermentación, actividad amilasa y se cuantificó la actividad FE especifica (U /g peso seco) mediante espectrometría UV (Yue y col., 2009). Se empleó como herramienta estadística ANOVA a 1 factor (α=0,05) y Test de Tukey. Resultados: De 195 aislamientos de soja y 169 aislamientos de maíz, se seleccionaron 20 cepas diferentes correspondientes al género {Lactobacillus} con actividad FE (9 provenientes de soja y 11 de maíz). De ellas, 14 mostraron metabolismo heterofermentativo y 6 homofermentativo. La actividad FE fue dependiente de cepa (140,9 a 37,99 U/g) observándose diferencias significativas entre las diferentes cepas (p<0,001). Los lactobacilos que presentaron mayor actividad FE (140,9 a 89,68 U/g) fueron los de menor V_MÁX de acidificación. Ninguno de los aislamientos presentó actividad amilasa. Conclusión: Este estudio permite contar con cepas de lactobacilos con actividad FE para ser empleados en el desarrollo de nuevos alimentos funcionales a partir de soja y maíz, con ácido ferúlico biodisponible. Hasta el presente no se informó sobre el aislamiento de BL con actividad FE a partir de soja.Fil: Lopez Rizo, Maria Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Andrada, Lidia Estefania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Bertani, Milena Sabrina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Roxana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Perez Chaia, Adriana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaXV Congreso Argentino de Microbiología; V Congreso Argentino de Microbiología de Alimentos; V Congreso Latinoamericano de Microbiología de Medicamentos y Cosméticos y XIV Congreso Argentino de Microbiología GeneralCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentinaAsociación Argentina de MicrobiologíaSociedad Argentina de Microbiología GeneralAsociación Latinoamericana de Microbiología de Medicamentos y CosméticosAsociación Argentina de Microbiología de Alimento

Diplomado de Profundización Sistemas de Gestión de la Inocuidad y del Ambiente para el Sector Alimentario

Tabla de contenido Lista de tablas 9 Lista de apéndices 10 Introducción 11 Planteamiento del problema 13 Sistematización 13 Justificación 14 Objetivos 15 Objetivo General 15 Objetivos específicos 15 Contenido 16 Antecedentes teóricos sobre la temática de estudio: Norma ISO 22000:2018 – Norma ISO 19011. 16 Desarrollo plan de auditoria 17 Conclusiones 33 Recomendaciones 34 Bibliografía 35 Anexo 36 Apéndice A. Plan de auditoria productos alimenticios estrella gourmet 36El plan de auditoría presentado en este trabajo se desarrolla bajo los lineamientos de la norma ISO 22000:2018 y presenta criterios propios que aseguran la inocuidad de los alimentos dentro de la empresa Estrella Gourmet basándose en parámetros exigidos para una auditoría. Este plan de auditoría se desarrolla con la finalidad de cerrar hallazgos encontrados en las diferentes áreas de la empresa en auditorías previas y con el objetivo de identificar nuevos hallazgos e inconformidades que se pueden estar presentando en el proceso, logrando así implementar los planes de mejora y las acciones correctivas para asegurar la inocuidad de los alimentos dentro de la planta y lograr un bien para la misma. Como equipo auditor que presenta el plan de auditoria a la empresa Estrella Gourmet, se pretende tener un contacto estrecho con la empresa en especial la producción para conocer de manera presencial los posibles hallazgos encontrados, logrando obtener evidencia clara que guie al equipo a brindar el paso a seguir para incorporar las acciones correctivas al proceso y así lograr el objetivo de brindar inocuidad alimentaria a los productos que la empresa Estrella Gourmet comercializa, mediante procesos que brinden calidad a los mismos y regidos por normas que acompañen la implementación, por tanto, se pretende que el acompañamiento sea de tiempo completo para que se llegue más rápido al objetivo, es por esto que el equipo auditor estará de manera presencial en la empresa por no menos de dos semanas y se pretende entregar el informe final a la empresa al término de las dos semanas siguientes. El procedimiento será expuesto a la empresa mediante reuniones con el equipo auditor en donde las conclusiones a las que se llegaron mediante la observación, entrevistas, revisión de documentación de la empresa y otros métodos que el equipo auditor utilizó a lo largo del acompañamiento serán informadas y estudiadas para que se cumpla lo estipulado por el plan de auditoria cumpliendo así los objetivos que se plantean y ayudando a la empresa Estrella Gourmet a posicionarse como una marca que es responsable con la inocuidad alimentaria.The audit plan presented in this work is developed following the guidelines of the ISO 22000:2018 standard and presents its own criteria to ensure food safety within Estrella Gourmet company, based on the parameters required for an audit. This audit plan is developed with the purpose of addressing findings identified in the different areas of the company during previous audits and to identify new findings an non-conformities that may be occurring in the process. This will allow us to implement improvement plants and corrective actions to ensure food safety within the facility and achieve overall well-being for the company. As the audit team presenting the audit plan to Estrella Gourmet, it is intended to have close contact with the company, particularly with the production department personally identify potential findings. This will enable us to gather clear evidence that will guide the team in providing the next steps to incorporate corrective actions into the process, ultimately achieving the goal of providing food safety to the products marketed by Estrella Gourmet. These processes should guarantee quality and compliance with relevant standards. Therefore, we expect to provide fill-time support expedite the process. That’s why the audit team will be present at the company for a minimum of two week, and the final peprot will be delivered to the company at the end of the following two weeks. The procedure will be presented to the company through meetings with the audit team, where the conclusions reached through observation, interviews, review of company documentation, and other methods that the audit team throughout the support period will be communicated and analyzed. This will ensure complicated with the audit plan, achieving the objectives set forth and helping Estrella Gourmet to establish itself as a brand that is responsible for food safet

A muramidase from Acremonium alcalophilum hydrolyse peptidoglycan found in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens

This study evaluates peptidoglycan hydrolysis by a microbial muramidase from the fungus Acremonium alcalophilum in vitro and in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. Peptidoglycan used for in vitro studies was derived from 5 gram-positive chicken gut isolate type strains. In vitro peptidoglycan hydrolysis was studied by three approaches: a) helium ion microscopy to identify visual phenotypes of hydrolysis b) reducing end assay to quantify solubilization of peptidoglycan fragments and c) mass spectroscopy to estimate relative abundances of soluble substrates and reaction products. Visual effects of peptidoglycan hydrolysis could be observed by helium ion microscopy and the increase in abundance of soluble peptidoglycan due to hydrolysis was quantified by a reducing end assay. Mass spectroscopy confirmed the release of hydrolysis products and identified muropeptides from the five different peptidoglycan sources. Peptidoglycan hydrolysis in chicken crop, jejunum and caecum samples was measured by quantifying the total and soluble muramic acid content. A significant increase in the proportion of the soluble muramic acid was observed in all three segments upon inclusion of the microbial muramidase in the diet.peerReviewe

In Vitro Anticancer Activity and Mechanism of Action of an Aziridinyl Galactopyranoside

We recently screened a series of new aziridines beta-D-galactopyranoside derivatives for selective anticancer activity and identified 2-methyl-2,3-[N-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)imino]propyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-O-(S)-benzylidene-beta-D-galactopyranoside (AzGalp) as the most promising compound. In this article, we explore the possible mechanisms involved in the cytotoxicity of this aziridine and evaluate its selective anticancer activity using cancer cells and normal cells from a variety of tissues. Our data show that AzGalp induces DNA damage (comet assay). Cells deficient in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway were hypersensitive to the cytotoxicity of this compound. These results suggest that AzGalp induces bulky DNA adducts, and that cancer cells lacking a functional NER pathway may be particularly vulnerable to the anticancer effects of this aziridine. Several experiments revealed that neither the generation of oxidative stress nor the inhibition of glycolysis played a significant role in the cytotoxicity of AzGalp. Combinations of AzGalp with oxaliplatin or 5-fluorouracil slightly improved the ability of both anticancer drugs to selectively kill cancer cells. AzGalp also showed selective cytotoxicity against a panel of malignant cells versus normal cells; the highest selectivity was observed for two acute promyelocytic leukemia cell lines. Additional preclinical studies are necessary to evaluate the anticancer potential of AzGalp

The CoQH2/CoQ Ratio Serves as a Sensor of Respiratory Chain Efficiency

Electrons feed into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) from NAD-or FAD-dependent enzymes. A shift from glucose to fatty acids increases electron flux through FAD, which can saturate the oxidation capacity of the dedicated coenzyme Q (CoQ) pool and result in the generation of reactive oxygen species. To prevent this, the mETC superstructure can be reconfigured through the degradation of respiratory complex I, liberating associated complex III to increase electron flux via FAD at the expense of NAD. Here, we demonstrate that this adaptation is driven by the ratio of reduced to oxidized CoQ. Saturation of CoQ oxidation capacity induces reverse electron transport from reduced CoQ to complex I, and the resulting local generation of superoxide oxidizes specific complex I proteins, triggering their degradation and the disintegration of the complex. Thus, CoQ redox status acts as a metabolic sensor that fine-tunes mETC configuration in order to match the prevailing substrate profile