Los Usos políticos de Internet en España

En esta nota de investigación se presentan los primeros datos en España sobre los usos políticos de Internet, que incluyen consumo de información política, recepción de estímulos movilizadores a través de Internet y participación política online. Se exploran los datos describiendo los diferentes indicadores y se comprueba en qué medida la esfera online reproduce o no los mismos modos de participación que tradicionalmente se han distinguido. Los resultados apuntan a que la participación online se distingue como un modo independiente, mientras que al mismo tiempo puede complementar algunos modos de participación offline como el contactoIn this research note we present the first data collected in Spain on the political uses of the Internet, including consumption of political information, reception of mobilizing stimuli through the Internet, and online political participation. We explore the data by describing the indicators and then checking whether it is possible to identify the same modes of online political participation that are usually identified in the offline arena. Our results show that online political participation stands as an independent mode, while at the same time some of its features may complement offline modes such as contacting

A cell-free approach with a supporting biomaterial in the form of dispersed microspheres induces hyaline cartilage formation in a rabbit knee model

[EN] The objective of this study was to test a regenerative medicine strategy for the regeneration of articular cartilage. This approach combines microfracture of the subchondral bone with the implant at the site of the cartilage defect of a supporting biomaterial in the form of microspheres aimed at creating an adequate biomechanical environment for the differentiation of the mesenchymal stem cells that migrate from the bone marrow. The possible inflammatory response to these biomaterials was previously studied by means of the culture of RAW264.7 macrophages. The microspheres were implanted in a 3¿mm-diameter defect in the trochlea of the femoral condyle of New Zealand rabbits, covering them with a poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) membrane manufactured by electrospinning. Experimental groups included a group where exclusively PLLA microspheres were implanted, another group where a mixture of 50/50 microspheres of PLLA (hydrophobic and rigid) and others of chitosan (a hydrogel) were used, and a third group used as a control where no material was used and only the membrane was covering the defect. The histological characteristics of the regenerated tissue have been evaluated 3 months after the operation. We found that during the regeneration process the microspheres, and the membrane covering them, are displaced by the neoformed tissue in the regeneration space toward the subchondral bone region, leaving room for the formation of a tissue with the characteristics of hyaline cartilage.Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Grant/Award Number: 11/X643; Agencia Estatal de Investigación/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional de la Unión Europea, Grant/Award Number: MAT2016-76039-C4-1 2-R; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)Zurriaga Carda, J.; Lastra, ML.; Antolinos-Turpin, CM.; Morales-Román, RM.; Sancho-Tello, M.; Perea-Ruiz, S.; Milián, L.... (2020). A cell-free approach with a supporting biomaterial in the form of dispersed microspheres induces hyaline cartilage formation in a rabbit knee model. 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(2016). Poly (L-Lactic Acid) Porous Scaffold-Supported Alginate Hydrogel with Improved Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility. The International Journal of Artificial Organs, 39(8), 435-443. doi:10.5301/ijao.5000516Conoscenti, G., Schneider, T., Stoelzel, K., Carfì Pavia, F., Brucato, V., Goegele, C., … Schulze-Tanzil, G. (2017). PLLA scaffolds produced by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) allow human chondrocyte growth and extracellular matrix formation dependent on pore size. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 80, 449-459. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2017.06.011Dashtdar, H., Murali, M. R., Abbas, A. A., Suhaeb, A. M., Selvaratnam, L., Tay, L. X., & Kamarul, T. (2013). PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel versus alginate beads as a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier for the treatment of focal cartilage defects. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 23(5), 1368-1377. doi:10.1007/s00167-013-2723-5Denlinger, L. C., Fisette, P. L., Garis, K. 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H., & Hui, J. H. P. (2013). Evidence-Based Status of Microfracture Technique: A Systematic Review of Level I and II Studies. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 29(9), 1579-1588. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2013.05.027Hangody, L., Kish, G., Kárpáti, Z., Udvarhelyi, I., Szigeti, I., & Bély, M. (1998). Mosaicplasty for the Treatment of Articular Cartilage Defects: Application in Clinical Practice. Orthopedics, 21(7), 751-756. doi:10.3928/0147-7447-19980701-04Hoemann, C., Kandel, R., Roberts, S., Saris, D. B. F., Creemers, L., Mainil-Varlet, P., … Buschmann, M. D. (2011). International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) Recommended Guidelines for Histological Endpoints for Cartilage Repair Studies in Animal Models and Clinical Trials. CARTILAGE, 2(2), 153-172. doi:10.1177/1947603510397535Kumar, M. N. V. R., Muzzarelli, R. A. A., Muzzarelli, C., Sashiwa, H., & Domb, A. J. (2004). Chitosan Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Perspectives. 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Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 106(2), 570-579. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.36260Lastra, M. L., Molinuevo, M. S., Cortizo, A. M., & Cortizo, M. S. (2016). Fumarate Copolymer-Chitosan Cross-Linked Scaffold Directed to Osteochondrogenic Tissue Engineering. Macromolecular Bioscience, 17(5). doi:10.1002/mabi.201600219Lebourg, M., Martínez-Díaz, S., García-Giralt, N., Torres-Claramunt, R., Ribelles, J. G., Vila-Canet, G., & Monllau, J. (2013). Cell-free cartilage engineering approach using hyaluronic acid–polycaprolactone scaffolds: A study in vivo. Journal of Biomaterials Applications, 28(9), 1304-1315. doi:10.1177/0885328213507298Luzardo-Alvarez, A., Blarer, N., Peter, K., Romero, J. F., Reymond, C., Corradin, G., & Gander, B. (2005). Biodegradable microspheres alone do not stimulate murine macrophages in vitro, but prolong antigen presentation by macrophages in vitro and stimulate a solid immune response in mice. 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Genetic and clinical characterization of a novel FH founder mutation in families with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary syndrome. Previously, we published the largest cohort of FH mutation carriers in Spain and observed a highly recurrent missense heterozygous variant, FH(NM_000143.4):c.1118A > G p.(Asn373Ser), in 104 individuals from 31 apparently unrelated families. Here, we aimed to establish its founder effect and characterize the associated clinical phenotype. Results Haplotype analysis confirmed that families shared a common haplotype (32/38 markers) spanning 0.61-0.82 Mb, indicating this recurrent variant was inherited from a founder ancestor. Cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis were diagnosed in 64.6% (64/99) and 98% (50/51) of patients, respectively, and renal cell cancer was present in 10.4% (10/96). The pathogenic FH_c.1118A > G variant is a Spanish founder mutation that originated 12-26 generations ago. We estimate that the variant may have appeared between 1370 and 1720. Individuals carrying this founder mutation had similar frequency of renal cell cancer and a higher frequency of renal cysts and leiomyomas than those in other cohorts of this syndrome. Conclusions In the Spanish province of Alicante there is a high prevalence of HLRCC because of the founder mutation FH c.1118A > G; p.(Asn373Ser). The characterization of founder mutations provides accurate and specific information regarding their penetrance and expressivity. In individuals with suspected HLRCC from the province of Alicante, genetic testing by direct analysis of the founder FH c.1118A > G; p.(Asn373Ser) mutation may be a faster and more efficient diagnostic tool compared with complete gene sequencing

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

A multilayered post-GWAS assessment on genetic susceptibility to pancreatic cancer

Funder: Fundación Científica Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (ES)Funder: Cancer Focus Northern Ireland and Department for Employment and LearningFunder: Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, USAAbstract: Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a complex disease in which both non-genetic and genetic factors interplay. To date, 40 GWAS hits have been associated with PC risk in individuals of European descent, explaining 4.1% of the phenotypic variance. Methods: We complemented a new conventional PC GWAS (1D) with genome spatial autocorrelation analysis (2D) permitting to prioritize low frequency variants not detected by GWAS. These were further expanded via Hi-C map (3D) interactions to gain additional insight into the inherited basis of PC. In silico functional analysis of public genomic information allowed prioritization of potentially relevant candidate variants. Results: We identified several new variants located in genes for which there is experimental evidence of their implication in the biology and function of pancreatic acinar cells. Among them is a novel independent variant in NR5A2 (rs3790840) with a meta-analysis p value = 5.91E−06 in 1D approach and a Local Moran’s Index (LMI) = 7.76 in 2D approach. We also identified a multi-hit region in CASC8—a lncRNA associated with pancreatic carcinogenesis—with a lowest p value = 6.91E−05. Importantly, two new PC loci were identified both by 2D and 3D approaches: SIAH3 (LMI = 18.24), CTRB2/BCAR1 (LMI = 6.03), in addition to a chromatin interacting region in XBP1—a major regulator of the ER stress and unfolded protein responses in acinar cells—identified by 3D; all of them with a strong in silico functional support. Conclusions: This multi-step strategy, combined with an in-depth in silico functional analysis, offers a comprehensive approach to advance the study of PC genetic susceptibility and could be applied to other diseases

Los Usos políticos de Internet en España

En esta nota de investigación se presentan los primeros datos en España sobre los usos políticos de Internet, que incluyen consumo de información política, recepción de estímulos movilizadores a través de Internet y participación política online. Se exploran los datos describiendo los diferentes indicadores y se comprueba en qué medida la esfera online reproduce o no los mismos modos de participación que tradicionalmente se han distinguido. Los resultados apuntan a que la participación online se distingue como un modo independiente, mientras que al mismo tiempo puede complementar algunos modos de participación offline como el contactoIn this research note we present the first data collected in Spain on the political uses of the Internet, including consumption of political information, reception of mobilizing stimuli through the Internet, and online political participation. We explore the data by describing the indicators and then checking whether it is possible to identify the same modes of online political participation that are usually identified in the offline arena. Our results show that online political participation stands as an independent mode, while at the same time some of its features may complement offline modes such as contacting

Optimization of the deposition parameters of MgF2/LaF3 narrowband reflective FUV multilayers

14 pags., 7 figs., 3 tabs.The development of efficient dielectric coatings in the far UV (FUV) is demanded for upcoming space instrumentation, such as LUMOS (LUVOIR Ultraviolet Multi-Object Spectrograph) in LUVOIR mission, among other applications. Multilayers (MLs) based on MgF2 and LaF3 have been developed in the last decades for the 157-nm and 193-nm lithography, demonstrating excellent optical properties. Yet, the deposition procedure to obtain coatings with optimal performance has not been fully detailed in the open literature, such as the dependence of ML performance with deposition and post-deposition temperature. This research investigates the effect of the substrate deposition temperature of MgF2/LaF3 ML coatings prepared by thermal evaporation on FUV reflectance, stress, roughness, as well as the performance of the coatings and their evolution over time. The relatively higher expansion coefficient of these two fluorides in comparison with fused silica substrates results in a large tensile stress for coatings deposited at high temperature and later cooled down to room temperature. Such stress may result in coating cracking and delamination. A compromise deposition temperature of ∼240°C and 13 bilayers was found for optimal ML reflectance peaked at ∼160 nm before cracks are generated. Above this deposition temperature, stress increased, which resulted in an extension of the cracked area and in a slight roughness increase and FUV reflectance decrease. MLs that were deposited at room temperature and later annealed resulted in a similar reflectance and stress to those of hot-deposited coatings for a given temperature.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España (BES-2017-081909, ESP2016-76591-P, PID2019-105156GB-I00).Peer reviewe

Enhanced Far-UV reflectance of Al mirrors protected with hot-deposited MgF2

9 pags., 6 figs., 1 tab. -- Event: SPIE Optical Systems Design, 2018, Frankfurt, GermanyMirrors based on Al protected with a MgF2 film provide high reflectance over a broad spectral range down to the wavelength of 120 nm in the Far UV (FUV). After more than 50 years since the development of this technology, a significant FUV reflectance enhancement has been obtained in the last years. Such enhancement originates mostly in the higher transparency of the MgF2 protective layer deposited on a hot Al-coated substrate. Research has been conducted at GOLD to measure the dependence of the FUV reflectance enhancement with MgF2 deposition temperature. A reflectance enhancement was found for freshly-prepared samples; moreover, the reflectance degradation over time of Al films protected with hot-deposited MgF2 was also smaller than for the coatings deposited at room temperature. A reflectance as high as 90% was measured at 121.6 nm (hydrogen Lyman ¿ line) for aged samples. A FUV reflectance enhancement was also obtained on samples fully deposited at room temperature and later annealed in vacuum. The reflectance of Al mirrors as a function of MgF2 deposition temperature, as well as of post-deposition annealed mirrors, and their stability over time is presented. Structural data on film roughness, density, and main crystal orientations for mirrors with a MgF2 film deposited both at room temperature and at 250°C are also presented.This work was supported by the National Programme for Research, Subdirección General de Proyectos de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, grants AYA2013-42590-P and ESP2016-76591-P.Peer Reviewe