Pre-treatment and extraction techniques for recovery of added value compounds from wastes throughout the agri-food chain

The enormous quantity of food wastes discarded annually force to look for alternatives for this interesting feedstock. Thus, food bio-waste valorisation is one of the imperatives of the nowadays society. This review is the most comprehensive overview of currently existing technologies and processes in this field. It tackles classical and innovative physical, physico-chemical and chemical methods of food waste pre-treatment and extraction for recovery of added value compounds and detection by modern technologies and are an outcome of the COST Action EUBIS, TD1203 Food Waste Valorisation for Sustainable Chemicals, Materials and Fuels

Exhaled breath condensate to discriminate individuals with different smoking habits by GC-TOF/MS.

Smoking is a crucial factor in respiratory diseases and lung inflammation, which are the reasons for high mortality worldwide. Despite the negative impact that tobacco consumption causes on health, few metabolomics studies have compared the composition of biofluids from smoker and non-smoker individuals. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is one of the biofluids less employed for clinical studies despite its non-invasive sampling and the foreseeable relationship between its composition and respiratory diseases. EBC was used in this research as clinical sample to compare three groups of individuals: current smokers (CS), former smokers (FS) and never smokers (NS). Special attention was paid to the cumulative consumption expressed as smoked pack-year. The levels of 12 metabolites found statistically significant among the three groups of individuals were discussed to find an explanation to their altered levels. Significant compounds included monoacylglycerol derivatives, terpenes and other compounds, the presence of which could be associated to the influence of smoking on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiome