Headache And Bruxing Behavior Types In Craniomandibular Disorders (cmds) Patients

Objective. Assess headache and bruxism in Craniomandibular Disorders (CMDs) and non CMDs patients. Method. Clinical examination, questionnaires, headache criteria, severity of bruxism. Results. The prevalence of headache was 68.3% in the CMDs group and 51.4% in the non-CMDs group (p<0.04).Tension type (TTH)=52.8% and combination headaches=25.2% predominated in CMDs. Migraine was more prevalent in Non-CMDs (21.1%) than in CMDs subjects (11.4%). Severe bruxism predominated in the headache/CMDs group=35% as compared to the non-headache/ CMDs group=21%, (p=0.08). We found a frequency of 29.3% extreme bruxism in the headache group and 7% in the non-headache group (p<0.0005). The frequencies of mild/moderate bruxism were about 28% in the TTH, 44.8% in the "other headaches" and 72% in the non-headache/CMDs groups. The frequencies of severe/extreme bruxism were 72.3% in the TTH, 55.2% in the "Other headaches", and 28% in the non- headache/CMDs groups(p=0.0001). Conclusion. Headache, TTH and combination headache were common in the CMDs group. Severe and extreme bruxism were more prevalent in the headache /CMDs group than in the "other headaches" and in the non/headache CMDs groups. 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Novel downstream process and analytical tools developed for Influenza VLP vaccine

Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent the infection with Influenza viruses. However, their constant antigenic drift implies that current human Influenza vaccines need to be annually updated with high inherent costs. Virus-like particles (VLPs) have become widely used as vaccine candidates because of their versatility, immunogenicity, and safety profile. In this iBET project we are attempting to produce a candidate for a universal vaccine for which 35 different VLPs (mono, trivalent and pentavalent) were purified. Here we describe three recent advances on Influenza VLPs bioprocessing: two new analytical tools and the development of an integrated all filtration purification process, inserted in the “anything but chromatography” concept. The first method is a label-free tool that uses Biolayer interferometry technology applied on an Octet platform to quantify Influenza VLPs at all stages of DSP. Human and avian sialic acid receptors were used, in order to quantify hemagglutinin (HA) content in several mono- and multivalent Influenza VLP strains. The applied method was able to detect and quantify HA from crude sample up to final VLP product with high throughput, real-time results and improved detection limits, when compared to traditional approaches, crucial for in-line monitoring of DSP. Using a click-chemistry approach that involves Azidohomoalanine incorporation and functionalization, Influenza VLPs were selectively and fluorescently tagged. Taking into account that this chemical tag does not affect particle size, charge and biological activity we report here a valuable tool to online/at-line product monitoring during DSP optimization of virus related biopharmaceuticals. Moreover, using this tool coupled with FACS we were able to discriminate between VLPs and baculovirus, the major impurity of the system. The proposed all-filtration process will be described, with special focus on the clarification stage, followed by multiple ultrafiltration and diafiltration steps to achieve the needed concentration and purity specifications. Using this all-filtration platform, we are able to speed up the time process, to improve the scale-up and to reduce costs due to the removal of chromatographic steps

THERMAL AND OXIDATION STABILITY OF SUNFLOWER METHANOLIC BIODIESEL AND BLENDS OF BIODIESEL/DIESEL

Resumo   A utilização de energias renováveis como o biodiesel tem despertado grande interesse industrial e ambiental. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as propriedades físico-químicas de diesel, biodiesel, e de suas misturas nas proporções: B5 a B70, através de ensaios de ponto de fulgor, massa específica, viscosidade cinemática. Além de estudar a estabilidade térmica e oxidativa por TG/DTA. Como resultado foi observado que com o aumento do teor de biodiesel adicionado ao diesel foi observada uma melhoria na sua estabilidade térmica e um aumento do resíduo e através do DTA que misturas que contém biodiesel são mais voláteis que o diesel. Palavras-chave: Biodiesel, Girassol e Termogravimetria.   Abstract   The using of renewable energy like biodiesel has attracted great industrial interest and the environment. In this work we evaluate the physicochemical properties of diesel, biodiesel and their mixtures in proportions: B5 to B70, by testing the flash point, density, kinematic viscosity. Also, thermal and oxidative stability by TGA / DTA. It was verified that by increasing the content of biodiesel added to diesel was observed an improvement in thermal stability and an increase of the residue by DTA and the mixtures containing biodiesel which are more volatile than diesel. Key-words: Biodiesel, Sunflower, Thermogravimetry

Anisotropy studies around the galactic centre at EeV energies with the Auger Observatory

Data from the Pierre Auger Observatory are analyzed to search for anisotropies near the direction of the Galactic Centre at EeV energies. The exposure of the surface array in this part of the sky is already significantly larger than that of the fore-runner experiments. Our results do not support previous findings of localized excesses in the AGASA and SUGAR data. We set an upper bound on a point-like flux of cosmic rays arriving from the Galactic Centre which excludes several scenarios predicting sources of EeV neutrons from Sagittarius $A$. Also the events detected simultaneously by the surface and fluorescence detectors (the `hybrid' data set), which have better pointing accuracy but are less numerous than those of the surface array alone, do not show any significant localized excess from this direction.Comment: Matches published versio

The exposure of the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is a detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It consists of a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level and a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The "hybrid" detection mode combines the information from the two subsystems. We describe the determination of the hybrid exposure for events observed by the fluorescence telescopes in coincidence with at least one water-Cherenkov detector of the surface array. A detailed knowledge of the time dependence of the detection operations is crucial for an accurate evaluation of the exposure. We discuss the relevance of monitoring data collected during operations, such as the status of the fluorescence detector, background light and atmospheric conditions, that are used in both simulation and reconstruction.Comment: Paper accepted by Astroparticle Physic

Atmospheric effects on extensive air showers observed with the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Atmospheric parameters, such as pressure (P), temperature (T) and density, affect the development of extensive air showers initiated by energetic cosmic rays. We have studied the impact of atmospheric variations on extensive air showers by means of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The rate of events shows a ~10% seasonal modulation and ~2% diurnal one. We find that the observed behaviour is explained by a model including the effects associated with the variations of pressure and density. The former affects the longitudinal development of air showers while the latter influences the Moliere radius and hence the lateral distribution of the shower particles. The model is validated with full simulations of extensive air showers using atmospheric profiles measured at the site of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physic

Update on the correlation of the highest energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic matter

Data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory through 31 August 2007 showed evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min energy threshold, \nobreak{$6\times 10^{19}$eV}. The anisotropy was measured by the fraction of arrival directions that are less than $3.1^\circ$ from the position of an active galactic nucleus within 75 Mpc (using the V\'eron-Cetty and V\'eron $12^{\rm th}$ catalog). An updated measurement of this fraction is reported here using the arrival directions of cosmic rays recorded above the same energy threshold through 31 December 2009. The number of arrival directions has increased from 27 to 69, allowing a more precise measurement. The correlating fraction is $(38^{+7}_{-6})$, compared with $21$ expected for isotropic cosmic rays. This is down from the early estimate of $(69^{+11}_{-13})$. The enlarged set of arrival directions is examined also in relation to other populations of nearby extragalactic objects: galaxies in the 2 Microns All Sky Survey and active galactic nuclei detected in hard X-rays by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. A celestial region around the position of the radiogalaxy Cen A has the largest excess of arrival directions relative to isotropic expectations. The 2-point autocorrelation function is shown for the enlarged set of arrival directions and compared to the isotropic expectation.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics on 31 August 201

The Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is a hybrid detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It combines a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level together with a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The fluorescence detector comprises 24 large telescopes specialized for measuring the nitrogen fluorescence caused by charged particles of cosmic ray air showers. In this paper we describe the components of the fluorescence detector including its optical system, the design of the camera, the electronics, and the systems for relative and absolute calibration. We also discuss the operation and the monitoring of the detector. Finally, we evaluate the detector performance and precision of shower reconstructions.Comment: 53 pages. Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section

Advanced functionality for radio analysis in the Offline software framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The advent of the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) necessitates the development of a powerful framework for the analysis of radio measurements of cosmic ray air showers. As AERA performs "radio-hybrid" measurements of air shower radio emission in coincidence with the surface particle detectors and fluorescence telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the radio analysis functionality had to be incorporated in the existing hybrid analysis solutions for fluoresence and surface detector data. This goal has been achieved in a natural way by extending the existing Auger Offline software framework with radio functionality. In this article, we lay out the design, highlights and features of the radio extension implemented in the Auger Offline framework. Its functionality has achieved a high degree of sophistication and offers advanced features such as vectorial reconstruction of the electric field, advanced signal processing algorithms, a transparent and efficient handling of FFTs, a very detailed simulation of detector effects, and the read-in of multiple data formats including data from various radio simulation codes. The source code of this radio functionality can be made available to interested parties on request.Comment: accepted for publication in NIM A, 13 pages, minor corrections to author list and references in v