Semi-Decoupled Second-Order Consistency Correction for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

We present an approximate second-order consistent smoothed particle hydrodynamics method which uses the 1D solutions to approximate the 2D second order derivatives. The numerical tests of the analytic functions show that the method is exact for regular arrangements of interpolation points, while in the disordered areas the accuracy is lower than the exact solution of the second-order consistent modified smoothed particle hydrodynamics, but still better that the standard version or the so-called decoupled finite particle method. We applied the new model to the flow of a fluid around a circular solid obstacle and found that the use of a corrected semi-decoupled second-order consistent SPH gives better accuracy for lower resolutions allowing for a more efficient numerical model and also easier to extend to 3D

Fuerzas de superficie y adhesión en sistemas celulósicos: Nueva forma de evaluar fijación/dispersión de resina en la fabricación de papel/celulosa

Las fuerzas superficiales entre partículas coloidales de resina y fibra dominan el comportamiento y las propiedades finales de papel y celulosa. Aquí se describe el uso de Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica (AFM) para medir directamente las fuerzas de interacción entre la superficie de un substrato plano ‘funcionalizado’ con resina de madera y la superficie de una microesfera de vidrio en soluciones de electrolito a pH controlado y a temperatura ambiente. El substrato convertido en hidrofílico es una hoja de poliestireno recubierta con una película ultra fina de resina natural. La carga superficial del substrato ‘funcionalizado’ imita la de las micelas de resina, la microestructura preferida de la resina en agua, y la carga sobre la microesfera imita la de las fibras de madera. Las curvas de fuerza AFM son interpretadas a la luz del balance entre fuerzas atractivas -van der Waals- y repulsivas -electrostáticas- de la teoría continua clásica DLVO de fuerzas para sistemas coloidales. Las medidas muestran una fuerte y persistente repulsión de muy corto rango, a distancias de separación menores a 100 Å, que no puede ser explicada por la teoría DLVO. Estas fuerzas repulsivas que actúan como barreras al contacto o a la coagulación tienen su origen en capas de agua altamente ordenadas en la vecindad de las superficies eléctricamente cargadas. El tamaño e intensidad de la barrera dependen de la magnitud y densidad de la carga eléctrica en las superficies que interactúan, que a su vez dependen de sus composiciones químicas y del medio acuoso. La repulsión aumenta con el pH y disminuye con la concentración y tamaño del electrolito. Fuerzas AFM de alejamiento entre substrato y microesfera, después de ocurrido el contacto, revelan una correlación aparentemente no reportada antes entre concentración de electrolito y adhesión. La adhesión aumenta con la concentración y tamaño del electrolito. Fenómenos complejos como dusting, desprendimiento de resina durante el uso del papel, pueden ser controlados mediante regulación del ambiente fluido durante el proceso de fabricación. AbstractSurface and adhesive forces between colloidal wood particles of resin and fiber dominate the behavior and final properties of paper and cellulose. This paper describes the use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to measure the interaction force between a resin ‘functionalized’ substrate and a glass microsphere in aqueous pH-controlled electrolyte solutions at ambient temperature. The waterwet made substrate is a hydrophobic polystyrene film coated with an extremely thin film of wood fatty and resin acids. The surface charge on the ‘functionalized’ substrate mimics that on resin micelles, the preferred microstructure of resin in water, and the charge on the microsphere mimics that on wood fibers. AFM force curves are analyzed to the light of the balance between attractive forces -van derWaals- and repulsive forces -electrostatic- from the classical continuum DLVO theory of colloidal forces. Force measurements show strong and persistent short-range repulsive forces at distances less than 100 Å which are not explained by the DLVO theory. These repulsive forces that act as barriers to contact or coagulation originate on highly ordered water in the neighborhood of the charged surfaces. The barrier size and intensity depend on the magnitude and density of the electrical charges on the interacting surfaces, which in turn depends on their chemical composition, and on the aqueous media. Repulsion increases with pH and decreases with electrolyte concentration. AFM flat-microsphere pull-off forces reveal an apparently unreported correlation between electrolyte concentration and adhesion. Adhesion increases with electrolyte concentration and size. Complex phenomena such as dusting, the release of resin upon paper use due to poor resin-fiber bondage, can thus be controlled by regulating the aqueous media during papermaking

Leaching of pure chalcocite with reject brine and MnO2 from manganese

Chalcocite (Cu2S) has the fastest kinetics of dissolution of Cu in chlorinated media of all copper sulfide minerals. Chalcocite has been identified as having economic interest due to its abundance, although the water necessary for its dissolution is scarce in many regions. In this work, the replacement of fresh water by sea water or by reject brine with high chloride content from desalination plants is analyzed. Additionally, the effect of adding MnO2 from available manganese nodules in vast quantities at the bottom of the sea is studied. Reject brine shows better results than sea water, and the addition of MnO2 to the brine significantly increases the kinetics of chalcocite dissolution in a short time. H2SO4 concentration is found to be irrelevant when working at high concentrations of chloride and MnO2. The best results, 71% Cu extractions in 48 h, are obtained for reject brine, 100 mg of MnO2 per 200 g of mineral and H2SO4 0.5 mol/L. The results are expected to contribute to a sustainable process of dissolution of chalcocite by using the reject brine from desalination plantsThe authors thank the Scientific Equipment Unit-MAINI of the Universidad Católica del Norte for all the chemical analyses in this work. The authors are grateful for the contribution of the Scientific Equipment Unit-MAINI of the Universidad Católica del Norte for facilitating the chemical analysis of the solutions. Pedro Robles thanks the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso for the support provided. Pedro G. Toledo and Ricardo I. Jeldres thank Centro CRHIAM Project Anid/Fondap/15130015

Effect of Acute Posttransplant Renal Failure on the Survival of Perfused Cadaver Kidneys

Between 7973 and 7977 we encountered 22 cases of acute renal failure after transplantation in 70 patients who received perfused cadaver kidneys. Nearly two-thirds of 76 nonfunctioning grafts were lost due to subsequent superimposed rejection, often undetected and, hence, untreated. Thirty-one percent of the 76 recovered function. The recovery rate, we believe, can be improved by earlier diagnosis and treatment of rejection and by avoiding invasive diagnostic procedures in the early postoperative period. If the oliguric period extends beyond two weeks, a closed percutaneous renal biopsy is justified. The diagnosis of rejection and/or other abnormality as well as subsequent treatment are very important in these patients

Kinetics of immune responses elicited after three mRNA COVID-19 vaccine doses in predominantly antibody-deficient individuals

Mass vaccination campaigns reduced COVID-19 incidence and severity. Here, we evaluated the immune responses developed in SARS-CoV-2-uninfected patients with predominantly antibody-deficiencies (PAD) after three mRNA-1273 vaccine doses. PAD patients were classified based on their immunodeficiency: unclassified primary antibody-deficiency (unPAD, n = 9), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID, n = 12), combined immunodeficiency (CID, n = 1), and thymoma with immunodeficiency (TID, n = 1). unPAD patients and healthy controls (HCs, n = 10) developed similar vaccine-induced humoral responses after two doses. However, CVID patients showed reduced binding and neutralizing titers compared to HCs. Of interest, these PAD groups showed lower levels of Spike-specific IFN-γ-producing cells. CVID individuals also presented diminished CD8+T cells. CID and TID patients developed cellular but not humoral responses. Although the third vaccine dose boosted humoral responses in most PAD patients, it had limited effect on expanding cellular immunity. Vaccine-induced immune responses in PAD individuals are heterogeneous, and should be immunomonitored to define a personalized therapeutic strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected