Método de Saberes Cooperativos: transformación de la superación profesional en el tratamiento a la inclusión socio educativa

Objective: The paper describes a working method aimed at transforming the professional improvement of the team of advisors and supervisors of primary education to face socio-educational inclusion. Methods: Research methods such as analysis, synthesis, historical, logical, interview, survey, documentary review and percentage calculation were used as a descriptive statistical method. Result: The main finding is the proposal of a working method aimed at transforming the professional upgrading of the team of advisors and supervisors of primary education to face socio-educational inclusion, characterized by sharing the knowledge learned and building new knowledge from cooperation, skills, habits and values. Conclusions: The professional improvement of the team of advisers and supervisors of primary education in the treatment of socio-educational inclusion is a subject of wide theoretical-methodological repercussion. Its outcomes may be improved by through by using the Cooperative Knowledge Method.Objetivo: El artículo describe un método de trabajo dirigido a la transformación de la superación profesional del equipo de asesores y supervisores de la educación primaria para el tratamiento a la inclusión socio educativa. Métodos: Se emplearon métodos de investigación como el análisis, la síntesis, el histórico, el lógico, la entrevista, la encuesta, la revisión documental y el cálculo porcentual como método estadístico descriptivo. Resultado: Propuesta de un método de trabajo dirigido a la transformación de la superación profesional del equipo de asesores y supervisores de la educación primaria, para el tratamiento a la inclusión socio educativa, caracterizado por el intercambio de los saberes aprendidos y la construcción de nuevos conocimientos habilidades, hábitos y valores. Conclusiones: La superación profesional del equipo de asesores y supervisores de educación primaria en el tratamiento a la inclusión socio educativa es un tema de amplia repercusión teórico metodológica. Sus resultados pueden ser mejorados a partir del empleo del Método de Saberes Compartidos

Extrapolación de saberes inherentes al tratamiento a la inclusión socio educativa (Revisión).

The article constitutes an approach to the reasons that support the need to extrapolate knowledge related to the treatment of socio-educational inclusion. Its objective is aimed at training the professional acting in the universe of students with special educational needs associated or not with disabilities, to effectively carry out their activities in school, family and community contexts. It addresses the role of the acting professional from different sectors, from the direction of the diagnosis and characterization processes with the identified universe; knowledge, reflections and comments are found on how to act in school, family and community contexts, and provide timely and systematic treatment to students in conditions of inclusion, with special educational needs associated or not with disabilities.El artículo constituye un acercamiento a las razones que sustentan la necesidad de extrapolar saberes referidos al tratamiento de la inclusión socio educativa. Su objetivo está dirigido al entrenamiento del profesional actuante en el universo de educandos con necesidades educativas especiales, asociados o no a discapacidades, para ejecutar con efectividad sus actividades en el contexto escolar, familiar y comunitario. En él se aborda el rol que tiene el profesional actuante de diferentes sectores, desde la dirección de los procesos de diagnóstico y caracterización con el universo identificado; se encuentran saberes, reflexiones y comentarios sobre cómo actuar en los contextos escolar, familiar y comunitario, y brindar tratamiento oportuno y sistemático a los educandos en condiciones de inclusión, con necesidades educativas especiales asociadas o no a discapacidades

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

© 2020 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons LtdBackground: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9·2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4–7) and 7 (6–8) days respectively (P < 0·001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6·6 versus 8·0 per cent; P = 0·499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 1·46; P = 0·659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34·7 versus 39·5 per cent; major 3·3 versus 3·4 per cent; P = 0·110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function.Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien-Dindo classification system.Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9.2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4-7) and 7 (6-8) days respectively (P &lt; 0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6.6 versus 8.0 per cent; P = 0.499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0.90, 95 per cent c.i. 0.55 to 1.46; P = 0.659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34.7 versus 39.5 per cent; major 3.3 versus 3.4 per cent; P = 0.110).Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Timing of nasogastric tube insertion and the risk of postoperative pneumonia: an international, prospective cohort study

Aim: Aspiration is a common cause of pneumonia in patients with postoperative ileus. Insertion of a nasogastric tube (NGT) is often performed, but this can be distressing. The aim of this study was to determine whether the timing of NGT insertion after surgery (before versus after vomiting) was associated with reduced rates of pneumonia in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Method: This was a preplanned secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery between January 2018 and April 2018 were eligible. Those receiving a NGT were divided into three groups, based on the timing of the insertion: routine NGT (inserted at the time of surgery), prophylactic NGT (inserted after surgery but before vomiting) and reactive NGT (inserted after surgery and after vomiting). The primary outcome was the development of pneumonia within 30 days of surgery, which was compared between the prophylactic and reactive NGT groups using multivariable regression analysis. Results: A total of 4715 patients were included in the analysis and 1536 (32.6%) received a NGT. These were classified as routine in 926 (60.3%), reactive in 461 (30.0%) and prophylactic in 149 (9.7%). Two hundred patients (4.2%) developed pneumonia (no NGT 2.7%; routine NGT 5.2%; reactive NGT 10.6%; prophylactic NGT 11.4%). After adjustment for confounding factors, no significant difference in pneumonia rates was detected between the prophylactic and reactive NGT groups (odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.56–1.87, P = 0.932). Conclusion: In patients who required the insertion of a NGT after surgery, prophylactic insertion was not associated with fewer cases of pneumonia within 30 days of surgery compared with reactive insertion

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present