1,169 research outputs found
Axioms for modelling cubical type theory in a Topos
The homotopical approach to intensional type theory views proofs of equality as paths. We explore what is required of an interval-like object I in a topos to give a model of type theory in which elements of identity types are functions with domain I. Cohen, Coquand, Huber and Mörtberg give such a model using a particular category of presheaves. We investigate the extent to which their model construction can be expressed in the internal type theory of any topos and identify a collection of quite weak axioms for this purpose. This clarifies the definition and properties of the notion of uniform Kan filling that lies at the heart of their constructive interpretation of Voevodsky’s univalence axiom. Furthermore, since our axioms can be satisfied in a number of different ways, we show that there is a range of topos-theoretic models of homotopy type theory in this style.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Doctoral Training Award)This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Schloss Dagstuhl via http://dx.doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2016.2
Axioms for modelling cubical type theory in a topos
The homotopical approach to intensional type theory views proofs of equality
as paths. We explore what is required of an object in a topos to give such
a path-based model of type theory in which paths are just functions with domain
. Cohen, Coquand, Huber and M\"ortberg give such a model using a particular
category of presheaves. We investigate the extent to which their model
construction can be expressed in the internal type theory of any topos and
identify a collection of quite weak axioms for this purpose. This clarifies the
definition and properties of the notion of uniform Kan filling that lies at the
heart of their constructive interpretation of Voevodsky's univalence axiom.
(This paper is a revised and expanded version of a paper of the same name that
appeared in the proceedings of the 25th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer
Science Logic, CSL 2016.
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Source code patches from dynamic analysis
Dynamic analysis can identify improvements to programs that cannot feasibly be identified by static analysis; concurrency improvements are a motivating example. However, mapping these dynamic-analysis-based improvements back to patch-like source-code changes is non-trivial. We describe a system, Scopda, for generating source-code patches for improvements identified by execution-trace-based dynamic analysis. Scopda uses a graph-based static program representation (abstract program graph, APG), containing inter-procedural control flow and local data flow information, to analyse and transform static source-code. We demonstrate Scopda's ability to generate sensible source code patches for Java programs, though it is fundamentally language agnostic.The first author was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), the Cambridge Trusts, and the University of Cambridge Department of Computer Science and Technology
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Refactoring traces to identify concurrency improvements
It is often difficult to analyse why a program executes more slowly than intended. This is particularly true for concurrent programs. We describe and evaluate a system, Rehype, which takes Java programs, performs low-overhead tracing of method calls, analyses the resulting trace-logs to detect inefficient uses of concurrency constructs, and suggests source-code-oriented improvements. Rehype deals with task-based concurrency, specifically a future-based model of tasks. Implementing the suggested improvements on an industrial API server more than doubled request-processing throughput.The first author was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), the Cambridge Trusts, and the University of Cambridge Department of Computer Science and Technology
Photochemical enrichment of deuterium in Titan's atmosphere: new insights from Cassini-Huygens
Cassini-Huygens data are used to re-examine the potential sources of the D/H
enhancement over solar, measured in methane, in Titan's atmosphere. Assuming
that the system is closed with respect to carbon, the use of constraints from
the Huygens probe for the determination of the current mass of atmospheric
methane and the most up-to-date determination of D/H from Cassini/CIRS infrared
spectra allow us to show that photochemical enrichment of deuterium is not
sufficient to be the sole mechanism yielding the measured D/H value. A possible
fractionation between CH3D and CH4 during the escape process may slightly
enhance the deuterium enrichment, but is not sufficient to explain the observed
D/H value over the range of escape values proposed in the literature. Hence,
alternative mechanisms such as a primordial deuterium enrichment must be
combined with the photochemical enrichment in Titan's atmosphere in order to
explain its current D/H value.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted in ApJ
Changes and demands in the higher education sector are increasingly making advanced degree medical physics programs nonviable and the profession will have to develop a new model for delivering such education
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141195/1/mp12645_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141195/2/mp12645.pd
Automatic Detection of Self-Adaptors for Psychological Distress
Psychological distress is a significant and growing
issue in society. Automatic detection, assessment, and analysis
of such distress is an active area of research. Compared to
modalities such as face, head, and vocal, research investigating
the use of the body modality for these tasks is relatively
sparse. This is, in part, due to the lack of available datasets
and difficulty in automatically extracting useful body features.
Recent advances in pose estimation and deep learning have
enabled new approaches to this modality and domain. We
propose a novel method to automatically detect self-adaptors
and fidgeting, a subset of self-adaptors that has been shown
to be correlated with psychological distress. We also propose
a multi-modal approach that combines different feature representations using Multi-modal Deep Denoising Auto-Encoders
and Improved Fisher Vector encoding. We also demonstrate
that our proposed model, combining audio-visual features with
automatically detected fidgeting behavioral cues, can successfully predict distress levels in a dataset labeled with self-reported anxiety and depression levels. To enable this research
we introduce a new dataset containing full body videos for short
interviews and self-reported distress labels.King's College, Cmabridg
Looking at the Body: Automatic Analysis of Body Gestures and Self-Adaptors in Psychological Distress
Psychological distress is a significant and growing issue in society.
Automatic detection, assessment, and analysis of such distress is an active
area of research. Compared to modalities such as face, head, and vocal,
research investigating the use of the body modality for these tasks is
relatively sparse. This is, in part, due to the limited available datasets and
difficulty in automatically extracting useful body features. Recent advances in
pose estimation and deep learning have enabled new approaches to this modality
and domain. To enable this research, we have collected and analyzed a new
dataset containing full body videos for short interviews and self-reported
distress labels. We propose a novel method to automatically detect
self-adaptors and fidgeting, a subset of self-adaptors that has been shown to
be correlated with psychological distress. We perform analysis on statistical
body gestures and fidgeting features to explore how distress levels affect
participants' behaviors. We then propose a multi-modal approach that combines
different feature representations using Multi-modal Deep Denoising
Auto-Encoders and Improved Fisher Vector Encoding. We demonstrate that our
proposed model, combining audio-visual features with automatically detected
fidgeting behavioral cues, can successfully predict distress levels in a
dataset labeled with self-reported anxiety and depression levels
Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Uranus from the Spitzer Infrared Spectrometer: 2. Determination of the Mean Composition of the Upper Troposphere and Stratosphere
Mid-infrared spectral observations Uranus acquired with the Infrared
Spectrometer (IRS) on the Spitzer Space Telescope are used to determine the
abundances of C2H2, C2H6, CH3C2H, C4H2, CO2, and tentatively CH3 on Uranus at
the time of the 2007 equinox. For vertically uniform eddy diffusion
coefficients in the range 2200-2600 cm2 s-1, photochemical models that
reproduce the observed methane emission also predict C2H6 profiles that compare
well with emission in the 11.6-12.5 micron wavelength region, where the nu9
band of C2H6 is prominent. Our nominal model with a uniform eddy diffusion
coefficient Kzz = 2430 cm2 sec-1 and a CH4 tropopause mole fraction of 1.6x10-5
provides a good fit to other hydrocarbon emission features, such as those of
C2H2 and C4H2, but the model profile for CH3C2H must be scaled by a factor of
0.43, suggesting that improvements are needed in the chemical reaction
mechanism for C3Hx species. The nominal model is consistent with a CH3D/CH4
ratio of 3.0+-0.2x10-4. From the best-fit scaling of these photochemical-model
profiles, we derive column abundances above the 10-mbar level of 4.5+01.1/-0.8
x 10+19 molecule-cm-2 for CH4, 6.2 +- 1.0 x 10+16 molecule-cm-2 for C2H2 (with
a value 24% higher from a different longitudinal sampling), 3.1 +- 0.3 x 10+16
molecule-cm-2 for C2H6, 8.6 +- 2.6 x 10+13 molecule-cm-2 for CH3C2H, 1.8 +- 0.3
x 10+13 molecule-cm-2 for C4H2, and 1.7 +- 0.4 x 10+13 molecule-cm-2 for CO2 on
Uranus. Our results have implications with respect to the influx rate of
exogenic oxygen species and the production rate of stratospheric hazes on
Uranus, as well as the C4H2 vapor pressure over C4H2 ice at low temperatures
Mathematics, statistics and archaeometry: the past 50 years or so
This review of developments in the use of mathematics and statistics in archaeometry over the past 50 years is partial, personal and 'broad-brush'. The view is expressed that it is in the past 30 years or so that the major developments have taken place. The view is also expressed that, with the exception of methods for analysing radiocarbon dates and increased computational power, mathematical and statistical methods that are currently used, and found to be useful in widespread areas of application such as provenance studies, don't differ fundamentally from what was being done 30 years ago
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