Eliciting Patient Cooperation in Paediatric Radiography with Inducement Devices

Purpose: Obtaining good quality images whilst minimizing repeat examinations and radiation dosage in paediatric radiography requires patient co-operation. This study aims to assess the usability of inducement devices to gain child cooperation during paediatric radiography in Lagos, Nigeria.Method: A cross-sectional study design was employed to sample information on the use of child inducement devices by Radiographer and Radiologist during paediatric radiography. A 19-item close ended questionnaire was administered to 70 Radiology personnel consisting of 45 Radiographers and 25 Radiologists. Questions were fashioned in a way to gain insight on best practices to gain the child patient cooperation. Some questions relating to demographics, experience and employment were included. Following collation descriptive statistics were developed.Results: Results showed that paediatric examinations were frequently carried out in the study area (75%). About 87% of respondents were of the opinion that the use of inducement devices aided in the production of better quality images. Light-up (72%) and Musical (27%) toys constituted the most effective inducement devices, and were considered the most valuable (86.9%) toys by Radiology personnel.Conclusion: The results show that the use of inducement devices elicits child cooperation and improves the ease of paediatric examinations

A Nursing Diagnosis Decision Aid Adoption Assessment

This study investigates the roles trust and bias may play in nursing information technology acceptance via a two-phase study.In phase one, the impact of user experience on levels of trust in and bias towards automated decision aids (ADAs) isassessed. In phase two, the impact of trust and bias on ADA adoption is explored using actual usage data. The resultsindicate that experienced nurses have higher levels of trust and positive bias towards automation; yet, novice nurses are morelikely to accept information from an ADA. Additionally, a parsimonious model incorporating trust, bias, experience, andADA adoption is proposed

Requirements for big data analytics supporting decision making: A sensemaking perspective

Big data analytics requires technologies to efficiently process large quantities of data. Moreover, especially in decision making, it not only requires individual intellectual capabilities in the analytical activities but also collective knowledge. Very often, people with diverse expert knowledge need to work together towards a meaningful interpretation of the associated results for new insight. Thus, a big data analysis infrastructure must both support technical innovation and effectively accommodate input from multiple human experts. In this chapter, we aim to advance our understanding on the synergy between human and machine intelligence in tackling big data analysis. Sensemaking models for big data analysis were explored and used to inform the development of a generic conceptual architecture as a means to frame the requirements of such an analysis and to position the role of both technology and human in this synergetic relationship. Two contrasting real-world use case studies were undertaken to test the applicability of the proposed architecture for the development of a supporting platform for big data analysis. Reflection on this outcome has further advanced our understanding on the complexity and the potential of individual and collaborative sensemaking models for big data analytics

A through-life costing methodology for use in product-service-systems

Availability-based contracts which provide customers with the use of assets such as machines, ships, aircraft platforms or subsystems like engines and avionics are increasingly offered as an alternative to the purchase of an asset and separate support contracts. The cost of servicing a durable product can be addressed by Through-life Costing (TLC). Providers of advanced services are now concerned with the cost of delivering outcomes that meet customer requirements using combinations of assets and activities via a Product Service System (PSS). This paper addresses the question: To what extent are the current approaches to TLC methodologically appropriate for costing the provision of advanced services, particularly availability, through a PSS? A novel methodology for TLC is outlined addressing the challenges of PSS cost assessment with regard to 'what?' (cost object), 'why/to what extent?' (scope and boundaries), and 'how?' (computations). The research provides clarity for those seeking to cost availability in a performance-orientated contractual setting and provides insight to the measures that may be associated with it. In particular, a reductionist approach that focuses on one cost object at a time is not appropriate for a PSS. Costing an advanced service delivered through a PSS is a problem of attributing the value of means to the economic activities carried out for specific ends to be achieved. Cost results from the interplay between monetary and non-monetary metrics, and uncertainties thereof. Whilst seeking to ensure generality of the findings, the application of TLC examined here is limited to a military aircraft platform and subsystems. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Violência contra a criança: indicadores dermatológicos e diagnósticos diferenciais Child abuse: skin markers and differential diagnosis

As denúncias de abuso contra a criança têm sido frequentes e configuram grave problema de saúde pública. O tema é desconfortável para muitos médicos, seja pelo treinamento insuficiente, seja pelo desconhecimento das dimensões do problema. Uma das formas mais comuns de violência contra a criança é o abuso físico. Como órgão mais exposto e extenso, a pele é o alvo mais sujeito aos maustratos. Equimoses e queimaduras são os sinais mais visíveis. Médicos (pediatras, clínicos-gerais e dermatologistas) costumam ser os primeiros profissionais a observar e reconhecer sinais de lesões não acidentais ou intencionais. Os dermatologistas podem auxiliar na distinção entre lesões traumáticas intencionais, acidentais e doenças cutâneas que mimetizam maus-tratos<br>Reports of child abuse have increased significantly. The matter makes most physicians uncomfortable for two reasons: a) Little guidance or no training in recognizing the problem; b - Not understanding its true dimension. The most common form of child violence is physical abuse. The skin is the largest and frequently the most traumatized organ. Bruises and burns are the most visible signs. Physicians (pediatricians, general practitioners and dermatologists) are the first professionals to observe and recognize the signs of intentional injury. Dermatologists particularly, can help distinguish intentional injury from accidental, or from skin diseases that mimic maltreatmen