Des verbes ou compléments locatifs « Hamlet » à l’effet du même nom

La pertinence générale des rôles casuels ou thématiques de « source » (le lieu d’où on vient) et de « but » (le lieu où on va) est le plus souvent admise sans discussion en grammaire générative depuis les années 1965-1970, mais aussi bien dans toute l’histoire de la grammaire depuis l’antiquité. Une étude exhaustive à base syntaxique des verbes « locatifs » du français démontre le manque de généralité de ce schème sémantique spatio-temporel. Approprié aux seuls procès figurant obligatoirement un déplacement (les verbes dits « de mouvement »), le flou qu’il introduit dans la description des autres dissimule en la disséminant la classe la plus régulière et la plus productive : celle des verbes figurant la causation ou la cessation d’un état de choses locatif statique. Quelques années d’études classificatoires auront ainsi permis de montrer, par la remise en cause d’un préjugé plus que séculaire, qu’une sémantique aspectuelle (i.e. temporelle) convient mieux qu’une sémantique spatiale à une représentation intégrée prédisant les propriétés syntaxiques des procès impliquant une localisation. Contrairement à un autre préjugé, plus récent celui-là, les pratiques taxinomique et théorique ne sont pas aux antipodes l’une de l’autre, et leur articulation conduit à des hypothèses explicatives nouvelles sur la structure de la phrase simple, autrement dit sur le lexique conçu comme indissociable de la syntaxe, tel qu’il émerge des travaux du L.A.D.L.The general relevance of the case or thematic notions "source" and "goal" in generative grammar is assumed, more often than not, since 1965-1970, but also troughout the history of grammar since antiquity. A syntactically grounded exhaustive study of the "locative" verbs of French shows the lack of generality of this spatio-temporal semantic scheme. Although it is appropriated for the processes obligatorily involving a transfer (the so-called "movement verbs"), the fuzziness introduced by this scheme into the description of others blurs by breaking it up the most regular and productive class: the verbs depicting the causation or the bringing to an end of a locative state of things. A few years of classificatory studies will have thus permitted one to show, thereby challenging a centuries-old prejudice, that an aspectual (i.e. temporal) semantics is more fitted than a spatial one to an integreted description predicting the syntactic properties of the process implying localisation. Contrary to another but more recent prejudice, taxinomic and theorical practice are not in contradiction, and bringing them together leads to new explanatory hypotheses concerning the structure of simple sentences, i.e., concerning the kind of syntax-bound lexicon that has been emerging from work done by the L.A.D.L

Классификация моделей комплексной оценки финансового состояния предприятия

There is an urgent need to develop reliable strategies for the rapid assembly of complex oligosaccharides. This paper presents a set of strategically selected orthogonal protecting groups, glycosyl donors modified by a (S)-phenylthiomethylbenzyl ether at C-2, and a glycosyl acceptor containing a fluorous tag, which makes it possible to rapidly prepare complex branched oligosaccharides of biological importance. The C-2 auxiliary controlled the 1,2-cis anomeric selectivity of the various galactosylations. The orthogonal protecting groups, 2-naphthylmethyl ether (Nap) and levulinic ester (Lev), made it possible to generate glycosyl acceptors and allowed the installation of a crowded branching point. After the glycosylations, the chiral auxiliary could be removed using acidic conditions, which was compatible with the presence of the orthogonal protecting groups Lev and Nap, thereby allowing the efficient installation of 1,2-linked glycosides. The light fluorous tag made it possible to purify the compounds by a simple filtration method using silica gel modified by fluorocarbons. The set of building blocks was successfully employed for the preparation of the carbohydrate moiety of the GPI anchor of Trypanosoma brucei, which is a parasite that causes sleeping sickness in humans and similar diseases in domestic animals

Supporting adherence to oral anticancer agents : clinical practice and clues to improve care provided by physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses and pharmacists

Background: Healthcare provider (HCP) activities and attitudes towards patients strongly influence medication adherence. The aim of this study was to assess current clinical practices to support patients in adhering to treatment with oral anticancer agents (OACA) and to explore clues to improve the management of medication adherence. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study among HCPs in (haemato-) oncology settings in Belgium and the Netherlands was conducted in 2014 using a composite questionnaire. A total of 47 care activities were listed and categorised into eight domains. HCPs were also asked about their perceptions of adherence management on the items: insight into adherence, patients' communication, capability to influence, knowledge of consequences and insight into causes. Validated questionnaires were used to assess beliefs about medication (BMQ) and shared decision making (SDM-Q-doc). Results: In total, 208 HCPs (29% male) participated; 107 from 51 Dutch and 101 from 26 Belgian hospitals. Though a wide range of activities were reported, certain domains concerning medication adherence management received less attention. Activities related to patient knowledge and adverse event management were reported most frequently, whereas activities aimed at patient's self-efficacy and medication adherence during ongoing use were frequently missed. The care provided differed between professions and by country. Belgian physicians reported more activities than Dutch physicians, whereas Dutch nurses and pharmacists reported more activities than Belgian colleagues. The perceptions of medication adherence management were related to the level of care provided by HCPs. SDM and BMQ outcomes were not related to the care provided. Conclusions: Enhancing the awareness and perceptions of medication adherence management of HCPs is likely to have a positive effect on care quality. Care can be improved by addressing medication adherence more directly e. g., by questioning patients about (expected) barriers and discussing strategies to overcome them, by asking for missed doses and offering (electronic) reminders to support long-term medication adherence. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended in which the role of the pharmacist could be expanded