6 research outputs found

    Sophorolipids-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles

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    International audienceFunctional iron oxide nanoparticles (NP) have been synthesized in a one and a two-step method using a natural functional glycolipid belonging to the family of sophorolipids (SL). These compounds, whose open acidic form is highly suitable for nanoparticle stabilization, are readily obtained by a fermentation process of the yeast Candida bombicola (polymorph Starmerella bombicola) in large amounts. The final carbohydrate coated iron oxide nanoparticles represent interesting potentially biocompatible materials for biomedical applications. According to the synthesis strategy, magnetic properties can eventually be tuned, thus putting in evidence the direct effect of the glycolipid on the final material's structure (maghemite and ferrihydrite have been obtained here). A combination of FT-IR, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and UV-Vis experiments shows that SL complex the nanoparticle surface via their accessible COOH group thus forming stable colloids, whose hydrodynamic diameter mostly varies between 10 nm and 30 nm, both in water and in KCl-containing (0.01 M and 2 M) solutions. The materials can stand multiple filtration steps (up to 10) at different extents, where the largest recorded average aggregate size is 100 nm. In general, materials synthesized at T = 80 °C display better stability and smaller size distribution than those obtained at room temperature

    Ce(III) corrosion inhibitor release from silica and boehmite nanocontainers

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    Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy clearly appeared as a suitable technique to investigate the releasing properties of cerium (III) loaded on silica and boehmite nanocontainers. In this way the electrochemical behavior of the AA2024-T3 was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a 0.045ñ€¯molñ€¯Lñˆ’1 NaCl solution with nanocontainers containing the inhibitor. Results show that the inhibitor release is influenced by both the chemical nature and the morphology of the nanocontainers. The lower loading and release phenomena were observed for the mesoporous silica nanocontainers, whereas the inhibitor is liberated until 168ñ€¯h from dense silica nanocontainers. Boehmite nanocontainers combine a good loading ratio with a longer release until the second week of immersion

    Les sciences humaines et sociales face à la premiÚre vague de la pandémie de Covid-19 -Enjeux et formes de la recherche

    No full text
    Research in the humanities and social sciences (HSS), which is regularly asked the question of its "usefulness", has been massively mobilized in the first part of the year 2020, both by the media and institutions. It has shown itself to be highly responsive, adapting its schedules and objectives, and modifying its intervention formats (webinars, distance learning courses). It was much present, despite the inequalities generated by the lockdown, particularly in terms of gender. The aim of this work is to offer the reader an analysis mobilizing the work of the SHS as a whole. Without claiming to be exhaustive, it weaves the threads, through the questions it addresses, from one discipline to another, composing a whole in which the social sciences and humanities resonate with one another, deploy their complementarity, and create a common analysis. Its objective is to emphasize the existence of a scientific capital of the HSS as such, to address the various questions raised by the Covid-19 pandemic. Current HSS research on the pandemic, its political management, and its stakes, is not developed ex nihilo. While taking the measure of the specificity of the present times, it is based on a set of theoretical frameworks, methods and analyses elaborated in other contexts, remobilized, updated and enriched in the light of the issues associated with the Covid 19 pandemic. Moreover, this work aims at taking into account from the outset the global dimension of the pandemic, and not just the French situation. Thus, several national and even continental contexts are explored on one point or another and the global dimension of the pandemic is taken into account as such. Finally, this document also looks at the very way in which the humanities and social sciences were mobilized in France in the context of the Covid 19 pandemic, at the collaborative forms and multidisciplinary practices particularly adopted in the face of this pandemic. It is structured in five parts: the first deals with the way in which the HSS make the crisis a question and an object of knowledge (A - From the framing of the crisis in the public space to the crisis as an object of knowledge - the example of France). The second addresses a salient point of the analyses developed over the last few months, which consider the pandemic as a revealer, or even an amplifier of pre-existing issues (B). Then, the third part looks at the societies and governments confronted with the pandemic (C), in other words, the forms of crisis management by the political power, the mobilization of science and the exercise of power, as well as the measures taken and the attitudes of the populations with regard to these measures. The fourth part presents the way in which the time of the pandemic has been characterized by questions about the future, questions which in turn give rise to orientations for HSS research (D. Reinventing ourselves in times of pandemic). Finally, the fifth and last part invites the reader to discover how the HHS involved itself in times of pandemic, how they collaborated together and undertook to document the health crisis in the heat of the moment, while accepting to consider new questions, and adopt new methods under the effect of this crisis (E. When the crisis invites collaboration and reflection on the "transfer" of knowledge).La recherche en sciences humaines et sociales (SHS), Ă  qui l’on pose rĂ©guliĂšrement la question de son « utilitĂ© », a Ă©tĂ© massivement mobilisĂ©e dans la premiĂšre partie de l’annĂ©e 2020, tant par les mĂ©dias et les institutions. Elle s’est montrĂ©e d’une grande rĂ©activitĂ©, en adaptant ses calendriers et ses objectifs, en modifiant ses formats d’interventions (wĂ©binaires, cours en distanciel). Chercheuses et chercheurs, enseignant(e)s-chercheurs ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©sents, et ce malgrĂ© des inĂ©galitĂ©s gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es par le confinement dans le travail de recherche, notamment en termes de genre. Le prĂ©sent travail a pour ambition de proposer Ă  son lecteur une analyse mobilisant les travaux des SHS dans leur ensemble. Sans prĂ©tendre Ă  l’exhaustivitĂ©, il tisse les fils, Ă  travers les questions qu’il aborde, d’une discipline Ă  une autre, composant un ensemble dans lequel les SHS entrent en rĂ©sonance les unes avec les autres, dĂ©ploient leur complĂ©mentaritĂ©, et crĂ©ent une analyse commune, qu’elles relĂšvent plutĂŽt des sciences sociales ou des humanitĂ©s. Il a pour objectif de rendre manifeste un capital scientifique des SHS en tant que telles, pour aborder les diffĂ©rents questionnements que suscite la pandĂ©mie de Covid-19. La recherche actuelle en SHS sur la pandĂ©mie, sa gestion politique, et ses enjeux, ne s’élabore pas ex nihilo. Tout en prenant la mesure de la spĂ©cificitĂ© des temps prĂ©sents, elle s’appuie sur un ensemble de cadres thĂ©oriques, de mĂ©thodes, d’analyses Ă©laborĂ©s dans d’autres contextes, remobilisĂ©s, rĂ©actualisĂ©s, enrichis Ă  la lumiĂšre des problĂ©matiques associĂ©es Ă  la pandĂ©mie de Covid 19. Par ailleurs, le parti-pris de ce travail a Ă©tĂ© de tenir compte d’emblĂ©e de la dimension mondiale de la pandĂ©mie, et de ne pas s’en tenir Ă  la situation française. Ainsi, plusieurs contextes nationaux, voire continentaux sont explorĂ©s sur tel ou tel point et la dimension mondiale de la pandĂ©mie y est prise en compte en tant que telle. Enfin, ce document s’intĂ©resse aussi Ă  la maniĂšre mĂȘme dont les sciences humaines et sociales se sont mobilisĂ©es, en France, dans le contexte de la pandĂ©mie de Covid 19, aux formes collaboratives, aux pratiques pluridisciplinaires particuliĂšrement adoptĂ©es face Ă  cette pandĂ©mie. Il se structure en cinq parties : la premiĂšre porte sur la maniĂšre dont les SHS font de la crise une question et un objet de connaissance (A – Du cadrage de la crise dans l’espace public Ă  la crise comme objet de connaissance - l’exemple de la France). La seconde aborde un point saillant des analyses Ă©laborĂ©es au cours des derniers mois, qui envisagent la pandĂ©mie comme un rĂ©vĂ©lateur, voire un amplificateur d’enjeux prĂ©-existants (B). Puis, la troisiĂšme partie s’intĂ©resse aux sociĂ©tĂ©s et aux gouvernements confrontĂ©s Ă  la pandĂ©mie (C), autrement dit aux formes de la gestion de la crise par le pouvoir politique, Ă  la mobilisation des sciences et Ă  l’exercice du pouvoir, ainsi qu’aux mesures prises et aux attitudes des populations au regard de ces mesures. La quatriĂšme partie prĂ©sente la façon dont le temps de la pandĂ©mie a Ă©tĂ© traversĂ© de questionnements pour le futur, questionnements qui Ă  leur tour impriment des orientations pour la recherche en SHS (D. Se rĂ©inventer en temps de pandĂ©mie). Enfin, la cinquiĂšme et derniĂšre partie invite le lecteur Ă  dĂ©couvrir comment les SHS se sont mobilisĂ©es en temps de pandĂ©mie, comment elles ont collaborĂ© et entrepris de documenter Ă  chaud la crise sanitaire tout en acceptant de voir se renouveler questions, objets, mĂ©thodes sous l’effet de cette crise (E. Quand la crise invite aux collaborations et Ă  une rĂ©flexion sur le « transfert » des connaissances)

    Les sciences humaines et sociales face à la premiÚre vague de la pandémie de Covid-19 -Enjeux et formes de la recherche

    No full text
    Research in the humanities and social sciences (HSS), which is regularly asked the question of its "usefulness", has been massively mobilized in the first part of the year 2020, both by the media and institutions. It has shown itself to be highly responsive, adapting its schedules and objectives, and modifying its intervention formats (webinars, distance learning courses). It was much present, despite the inequalities generated by the lockdown, particularly in terms of gender. The aim of this work is to offer the reader an analysis mobilizing the work of the SHS as a whole. Without claiming to be exhaustive, it weaves the threads, through the questions it addresses, from one discipline to another, composing a whole in which the social sciences and humanities resonate with one another, deploy their complementarity, and create a common analysis. Its objective is to emphasize the existence of a scientific capital of the HSS as such, to address the various questions raised by the Covid-19 pandemic. Current HSS research on the pandemic, its political management, and its stakes, is not developed ex nihilo. While taking the measure of the specificity of the present times, it is based on a set of theoretical frameworks, methods and analyses elaborated in other contexts, remobilized, updated and enriched in the light of the issues associated with the Covid 19 pandemic. Moreover, this work aims at taking into account from the outset the global dimension of the pandemic, and not just the French situation. Thus, several national and even continental contexts are explored on one point or another and the global dimension of the pandemic is taken into account as such. Finally, this document also looks at the very way in which the humanities and social sciences were mobilized in France in the context of the Covid 19 pandemic, at the collaborative forms and multidisciplinary practices particularly adopted in the face of this pandemic. It is structured in five parts: the first deals with the way in which the HSS make the crisis a question and an object of knowledge (A - From the framing of the crisis in the public space to the crisis as an object of knowledge - the example of France). The second addresses a salient point of the analyses developed over the last few months, which consider the pandemic as a revealer, or even an amplifier of pre-existing issues (B). Then, the third part looks at the societies and governments confronted with the pandemic (C), in other words, the forms of crisis management by the political power, the mobilization of science and the exercise of power, as well as the measures taken and the attitudes of the populations with regard to these measures. The fourth part presents the way in which the time of the pandemic has been characterized by questions about the future, questions which in turn give rise to orientations for HSS research (D. Reinventing ourselves in times of pandemic). Finally, the fifth and last part invites the reader to discover how the HHS involved itself in times of pandemic, how they collaborated together and undertook to document the health crisis in the heat of the moment, while accepting to consider new questions, and adopt new methods under the effect of this crisis (E. When the crisis invites collaboration and reflection on the "transfer" of knowledge).La recherche en sciences humaines et sociales (SHS), Ă  qui l’on pose rĂ©guliĂšrement la question de son « utilitĂ© », a Ă©tĂ© massivement mobilisĂ©e dans la premiĂšre partie de l’annĂ©e 2020, tant par les mĂ©dias et les institutions. Elle s’est montrĂ©e d’une grande rĂ©activitĂ©, en adaptant ses calendriers et ses objectifs, en modifiant ses formats d’interventions (wĂ©binaires, cours en distanciel). Chercheuses et chercheurs, enseignant(e)s-chercheurs ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©sents, et ce malgrĂ© des inĂ©galitĂ©s gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es par le confinement dans le travail de recherche, notamment en termes de genre. Le prĂ©sent travail a pour ambition de proposer Ă  son lecteur une analyse mobilisant les travaux des SHS dans leur ensemble. Sans prĂ©tendre Ă  l’exhaustivitĂ©, il tisse les fils, Ă  travers les questions qu’il aborde, d’une discipline Ă  une autre, composant un ensemble dans lequel les SHS entrent en rĂ©sonance les unes avec les autres, dĂ©ploient leur complĂ©mentaritĂ©, et crĂ©ent une analyse commune, qu’elles relĂšvent plutĂŽt des sciences sociales ou des humanitĂ©s. Il a pour objectif de rendre manifeste un capital scientifique des SHS en tant que telles, pour aborder les diffĂ©rents questionnements que suscite la pandĂ©mie de Covid-19. La recherche actuelle en SHS sur la pandĂ©mie, sa gestion politique, et ses enjeux, ne s’élabore pas ex nihilo. Tout en prenant la mesure de la spĂ©cificitĂ© des temps prĂ©sents, elle s’appuie sur un ensemble de cadres thĂ©oriques, de mĂ©thodes, d’analyses Ă©laborĂ©s dans d’autres contextes, remobilisĂ©s, rĂ©actualisĂ©s, enrichis Ă  la lumiĂšre des problĂ©matiques associĂ©es Ă  la pandĂ©mie de Covid 19. Par ailleurs, le parti-pris de ce travail a Ă©tĂ© de tenir compte d’emblĂ©e de la dimension mondiale de la pandĂ©mie, et de ne pas s’en tenir Ă  la situation française. Ainsi, plusieurs contextes nationaux, voire continentaux sont explorĂ©s sur tel ou tel point et la dimension mondiale de la pandĂ©mie y est prise en compte en tant que telle. Enfin, ce document s’intĂ©resse aussi Ă  la maniĂšre mĂȘme dont les sciences humaines et sociales se sont mobilisĂ©es, en France, dans le contexte de la pandĂ©mie de Covid 19, aux formes collaboratives, aux pratiques pluridisciplinaires particuliĂšrement adoptĂ©es face Ă  cette pandĂ©mie. Il se structure en cinq parties : la premiĂšre porte sur la maniĂšre dont les SHS font de la crise une question et un objet de connaissance (A – Du cadrage de la crise dans l’espace public Ă  la crise comme objet de connaissance - l’exemple de la France). La seconde aborde un point saillant des analyses Ă©laborĂ©es au cours des derniers mois, qui envisagent la pandĂ©mie comme un rĂ©vĂ©lateur, voire un amplificateur d’enjeux prĂ©-existants (B). Puis, la troisiĂšme partie s’intĂ©resse aux sociĂ©tĂ©s et aux gouvernements confrontĂ©s Ă  la pandĂ©mie (C), autrement dit aux formes de la gestion de la crise par le pouvoir politique, Ă  la mobilisation des sciences et Ă  l’exercice du pouvoir, ainsi qu’aux mesures prises et aux attitudes des populations au regard de ces mesures. La quatriĂšme partie prĂ©sente la façon dont le temps de la pandĂ©mie a Ă©tĂ© traversĂ© de questionnements pour le futur, questionnements qui Ă  leur tour impriment des orientations pour la recherche en SHS (D. Se rĂ©inventer en temps de pandĂ©mie). Enfin, la cinquiĂšme et derniĂšre partie invite le lecteur Ă  dĂ©couvrir comment les SHS se sont mobilisĂ©es en temps de pandĂ©mie, comment elles ont collaborĂ© et entrepris de documenter Ă  chaud la crise sanitaire tout en acceptant de voir se renouveler questions, objets, mĂ©thodes sous l’effet de cette crise (E. Quand la crise invite aux collaborations et Ă  une rĂ©flexion sur le « transfert » des connaissances)

    Les sciences humaines et sociales face à la premiÚre vague de la pandémie de Covid-19 -Enjeux et formes de la recherche

    No full text
    Research in the humanities and social sciences (HSS), which is regularly asked the question of its "usefulness", has been massively mobilized in the first part of the year 2020, both by the media and institutions. It has shown itself to be highly responsive, adapting its schedules and objectives, and modifying its intervention formats (webinars, distance learning courses). It was much present, despite the inequalities generated by the lockdown, particularly in terms of gender. The aim of this work is to offer the reader an analysis mobilizing the work of the SHS as a whole. Without claiming to be exhaustive, it weaves the threads, through the questions it addresses, from one discipline to another, composing a whole in which the social sciences and humanities resonate with one another, deploy their complementarity, and create a common analysis. Its objective is to emphasize the existence of a scientific capital of the HSS as such, to address the various questions raised by the Covid-19 pandemic. Current HSS research on the pandemic, its political management, and its stakes, is not developed ex nihilo. While taking the measure of the specificity of the present times, it is based on a set of theoretical frameworks, methods and analyses elaborated in other contexts, remobilized, updated and enriched in the light of the issues associated with the Covid 19 pandemic. Moreover, this work aims at taking into account from the outset the global dimension of the pandemic, and not just the French situation. Thus, several national and even continental contexts are explored on one point or another and the global dimension of the pandemic is taken into account as such. Finally, this document also looks at the very way in which the humanities and social sciences were mobilized in France in the context of the Covid 19 pandemic, at the collaborative forms and multidisciplinary practices particularly adopted in the face of this pandemic. It is structured in five parts: the first deals with the way in which the HSS make the crisis a question and an object of knowledge (A - From the framing of the crisis in the public space to the crisis as an object of knowledge - the example of France). The second addresses a salient point of the analyses developed over the last few months, which consider the pandemic as a revealer, or even an amplifier of pre-existing issues (B). Then, the third part looks at the societies and governments confronted with the pandemic (C), in other words, the forms of crisis management by the political power, the mobilization of science and the exercise of power, as well as the measures taken and the attitudes of the populations with regard to these measures. The fourth part presents the way in which the time of the pandemic has been characterized by questions about the future, questions which in turn give rise to orientations for HSS research (D. Reinventing ourselves in times of pandemic). Finally, the fifth and last part invites the reader to discover how the HHS involved itself in times of pandemic, how they collaborated together and undertook to document the health crisis in the heat of the moment, while accepting to consider new questions, and adopt new methods under the effect of this crisis (E. When the crisis invites collaboration and reflection on the "transfer" of knowledge).La recherche en sciences humaines et sociales (SHS), Ă  qui l’on pose rĂ©guliĂšrement la question de son « utilitĂ© », a Ă©tĂ© massivement mobilisĂ©e dans la premiĂšre partie de l’annĂ©e 2020, tant par les mĂ©dias et les institutions. Elle s’est montrĂ©e d’une grande rĂ©activitĂ©, en adaptant ses calendriers et ses objectifs, en modifiant ses formats d’interventions (wĂ©binaires, cours en distanciel). Chercheuses et chercheurs, enseignant(e)s-chercheurs ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©sents, et ce malgrĂ© des inĂ©galitĂ©s gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es par le confinement dans le travail de recherche, notamment en termes de genre. Le prĂ©sent travail a pour ambition de proposer Ă  son lecteur une analyse mobilisant les travaux des SHS dans leur ensemble. Sans prĂ©tendre Ă  l’exhaustivitĂ©, il tisse les fils, Ă  travers les questions qu’il aborde, d’une discipline Ă  une autre, composant un ensemble dans lequel les SHS entrent en rĂ©sonance les unes avec les autres, dĂ©ploient leur complĂ©mentaritĂ©, et crĂ©ent une analyse commune, qu’elles relĂšvent plutĂŽt des sciences sociales ou des humanitĂ©s. Il a pour objectif de rendre manifeste un capital scientifique des SHS en tant que telles, pour aborder les diffĂ©rents questionnements que suscite la pandĂ©mie de Covid-19. La recherche actuelle en SHS sur la pandĂ©mie, sa gestion politique, et ses enjeux, ne s’élabore pas ex nihilo. Tout en prenant la mesure de la spĂ©cificitĂ© des temps prĂ©sents, elle s’appuie sur un ensemble de cadres thĂ©oriques, de mĂ©thodes, d’analyses Ă©laborĂ©s dans d’autres contextes, remobilisĂ©s, rĂ©actualisĂ©s, enrichis Ă  la lumiĂšre des problĂ©matiques associĂ©es Ă  la pandĂ©mie de Covid 19. Par ailleurs, le parti-pris de ce travail a Ă©tĂ© de tenir compte d’emblĂ©e de la dimension mondiale de la pandĂ©mie, et de ne pas s’en tenir Ă  la situation française. Ainsi, plusieurs contextes nationaux, voire continentaux sont explorĂ©s sur tel ou tel point et la dimension mondiale de la pandĂ©mie y est prise en compte en tant que telle. Enfin, ce document s’intĂ©resse aussi Ă  la maniĂšre mĂȘme dont les sciences humaines et sociales se sont mobilisĂ©es, en France, dans le contexte de la pandĂ©mie de Covid 19, aux formes collaboratives, aux pratiques pluridisciplinaires particuliĂšrement adoptĂ©es face Ă  cette pandĂ©mie. Il se structure en cinq parties : la premiĂšre porte sur la maniĂšre dont les SHS font de la crise une question et un objet de connaissance (A – Du cadrage de la crise dans l’espace public Ă  la crise comme objet de connaissance - l’exemple de la France). La seconde aborde un point saillant des analyses Ă©laborĂ©es au cours des derniers mois, qui envisagent la pandĂ©mie comme un rĂ©vĂ©lateur, voire un amplificateur d’enjeux prĂ©-existants (B). Puis, la troisiĂšme partie s’intĂ©resse aux sociĂ©tĂ©s et aux gouvernements confrontĂ©s Ă  la pandĂ©mie (C), autrement dit aux formes de la gestion de la crise par le pouvoir politique, Ă  la mobilisation des sciences et Ă  l’exercice du pouvoir, ainsi qu’aux mesures prises et aux attitudes des populations au regard de ces mesures. La quatriĂšme partie prĂ©sente la façon dont le temps de la pandĂ©mie a Ă©tĂ© traversĂ© de questionnements pour le futur, questionnements qui Ă  leur tour impriment des orientations pour la recherche en SHS (D. Se rĂ©inventer en temps de pandĂ©mie). Enfin, la cinquiĂšme et derniĂšre partie invite le lecteur Ă  dĂ©couvrir comment les SHS se sont mobilisĂ©es en temps de pandĂ©mie, comment elles ont collaborĂ© et entrepris de documenter Ă  chaud la crise sanitaire tout en acceptant de voir se renouveler questions, objets, mĂ©thodes sous l’effet de cette crise (E. Quand la crise invite aux collaborations et Ă  une rĂ©flexion sur le « transfert » des connaissances)
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