Yeah, that’s it!: Verbal Reference to Visual Information in Film Texts and Film Translations

This article presents an account of the meaning relationship between visual and verbal information in film and the differences between the conventions of making verbal reference to visual information in English films and their German-language versions. The analysis of a diachronic corpus of popular motion pictures and their German-dubbed versions indicates that the film translations ‘handle’ the co-occurring visual information differently than their English source texts. The translations tend to use alternative, non-equivalent, linguistics structures to refer to visual information and insert additional pronominal references and deictic devices, which overtly connect linguistic items to pictorial elements. As a result, the ongoing spoken discourse is explicitly linked with the physical surroundings of the communicative encounter. In contrast, in the English language versions, the relationship between the verbal utterance and the accompanying visual information more often remains lexically implicit. The shifts in translation affect the ideational, interpersonal, and textual meanings expressed in the film texts which, in turn, may result in a variation in the films’ narrative construction and the realization of extralinguistic concepts, such as, for example, gender relations.Cet article présente une étude des relations sémantiques entre les informations visuelles et verbales dans le cinéma et montre les différences entre les conventions de référence aux informations visuelles par les moyens verbaux dans les films en anglais et dans leur version en allemand. L’analyse d’un corpus diachronique de films populaires en anglais et de leur version doublée en allemand montre qu’on traite de manière différente la cooccurrence d’une information visuelle avec une information verbale dans les originaux et leur traduction. Dans la traduction allemande, on tend à introduire des structures linguistiques différentes pour renvoyer à une information visuelle. On insère des références pronominales et d’autres termes déictiques supplémentaires pour lier de manière ostensible un élément linguistique à un élément visuel. Par conséquent, dans la version allemande, le discours verbal est directement lié à son environnement, pendant que, dans les originaux anglais, la relation entre le discours et la scène se manifeste souvent de manière plus implicite sur le plan lexical. Ces différences résultant de la traduction influent sur la signification exprimée sur le plan du texte. Il se peut que – à côté d’autres phénomènes au-delà du texte, comme par exemple les relations de genre – cette variation de la construction narrative du cinéma soit le résultat de la traduction

Yeah, that’s it!: Verbal Reference to Visual Information in Film Texts and Film Translations

This article presents an account of the meaning relationship between visual and verbal information in film and the differences between the conventions of making verbal reference to visual information in English films and their German-language versions. The analysis of a diachronic corpus of popular motion pictures and their German-dubbed versions indicates that the film translations ‘handle’ the co-occurring visual information differently than their English source texts. The translations tend to use alternative, non-equivalent, linguistics structures to refer to visual information and insert additional pronominal references and deictic devices, which overtly connect linguistic items to pictorial elements. As a result, the ongoing spoken discourse is explicitly linked with the physical surroundings of the communicative encounter. In contrast, in the English language versions, the relationship between the verbal utterance and the accompanying visual information more often remains lexically implicit. The shifts in translation affect the ideational, interpersonal, and textual meanings expressed in the film texts which, in turn, may result in a variation in the films’ narrative construction and the realization of extralinguistic concepts, such as, for example, gender relations.Cet article présente une étude des relations sémantiques entre les informations visuelles et verbales dans le cinéma et montre les différences entre les conventions de référence aux informations visuelles par les moyens verbaux dans les films en anglais et dans leur version en allemand. L’analyse d’un corpus diachronique de films populaires en anglais et de leur version doublée en allemand montre qu’on traite de manière différente la cooccurrence d’une information visuelle avec une information verbale dans les originaux et leur traduction. Dans la traduction allemande, on tend à introduire des structures linguistiques différentes pour renvoyer à une information visuelle. On insère des références pronominales et d’autres termes déictiques supplémentaires pour lier de manière ostensible un élément linguistique à un élément visuel. Par conséquent, dans la version allemande, le discours verbal est directement lié à son environnement, pendant que, dans les originaux anglais, la relation entre le discours et la scène se manifeste souvent de manière plus implicite sur le plan lexical. Ces différences résultant de la traduction influent sur la signification exprimée sur le plan du texte. Il se peut que – à côté d’autres phénomènes au-delà du texte, comme par exemple les relations de genre – cette variation de la construction narrative du cinéma soit le résultat de la traduction

Code-switching as appraisal resource in talking about third parties

This article explores the function of code-switching in talking about absent third parties. The basis for the investigation is a corpus of sociolinguistic individual and group interviews with German immigrants in the US and American immigrants in Germany. In these interviews, the interviewees are asked to recount their migration experiences and their lives before and after migration. For each individual speaker, the interviewer and – in the group interviews – the other participants in the group are, on the one hand, potentially 'sympathetic' fellow migrants. On the other hand, however, they are potentially problematic figures, because talking about absent third parties means that these third parties might share characteristics with the interviewer or the others in the group. Talking about third parties can, thus, be face-threatening for both the interviewer and the interviewees. In the analyses presented in this article, we identify how speakers employ English-to-German code-switching when it comes to verbalizing others – specifically members of home and host cultures – in discourse and how they position themselves and their audience in relation to them

Shaken and Stirred: Language in Film in a Cross-cultural Perspective

In this paper I want to shed a little light on the role of language in film - or film dialogue - from the perspective of applied linguistics. I believe this is potentially relevant for such areas as foreign language teaching, intercultural pragmatic competence and contrastive pragmatics. The paper is structured as follows: firstly, I will briefly describe what I perceive to be the function of the feature film in educational settings, particularly in schools and universities. Secondly, I will outline the nature of language in film and the relevance of multi-modal linguistic analyses of film dialogue and their translations for the areas of applied linguistics mentioned above. To demonstrate this potential, I will then present and discuss some examples of a contrastive analysis of an English film text and its German dubbed version with respect to cross-cultural communicative preferences, and notions of cultural specificity regarding English and German

#meuprimeiroassédio: considerações sobre violência, gênero, feminismos e mídias

O presente relato etnográfico visa compreender o uso da palavra “assédio” na campanha “meu primeiro assédio" que denunciou como mulheres estão expostas à violência de gênero desde muito cedo. Como a campanha aconteceu nas mídias sociais, sobretudo no Twitter, o texto também considera as interfaces entre gênero, mídias e feminismos. Partindo do entendimento de que assim como “mulher” é uma categoria relacional (que só faz sentido em seu contexto) também compreendo que as nomenclaturas de violência sexual, como “assédio” também são. Deste modo, a etnografia conclui que os diferentes contextos produzem diferentes entendimentos sobre a violência e diferentes qualificações de sujeitos. As mídias sociais então aparecem como uma ambientação específica para que certas relações sejam percebidas enquanto violência.This research aims to understand the use of the term "harassment" in the campaign “first harassment” that disclosed how women are exposed to gender violence at an early age. As the campaign took place on social media, especially on Twitter, the text also considers the interfaces between gender, medium and feminisms. Based on the approach that as "woman" is a relational category (which only makes sense in context), so are classifications of sexual violence as "harassment". In this sense, ethnography concludes that different contexts produce different understandings about violence and different qualifications of subjects. Social media then appears as a specific setting for certain relationships to be perceived as violence

L2 English Academic Speaking Development: Insights from a Multilingual University Context

Little is known about the development of second language (L2) capacities in L2 users located in multilingual environments where more than one language is a viable communication tool and users can decide which to use for which purpose. Adopting a socially-grounded perspective on L2 learning, this study explores L2 academic English development in a multilingual university context in Denmark through a longitudinal study of 10 students⿿ L2 performance in the academic register ⿿oral presentation⿿. L2 performance data were sampled on three naturally occurring classroom occasions during the students⿿ first, second and final year of undergraduate study. The presentations were analysed for students⿿ use of recurrent multiword sequences as a measure of development of routinized discourse production. This analysis was complemented by an analysis of the students⿿ language use habits and socialization patterns. The analyses revealed some positive L2 English development between first and second but stagnant development between second and final year L2 performance for the investigated categories (tokens, types, structure, discourse function). This language use pattern coincided with students⿿ orientation towards L1-based socializing by the final year. These results call for a reconsideration of academic L2 English instruction in multilingual environments outside native English-speaking settings, where L2 development seems to be susceptible to L2 users⿿ overall language use habits

An investigation of the stability and diffusivity of flexible lipid vesicles for transdermal insulin delivery

Gemstone Team No More NeedlesFlexible lipid vesicles have the potential of complementing or even replacing traditional needle injection methods for insulin delivery. Vesicles are made flexible by the incorporation of a chemical surfactant which may also hinder their stability. We studied the changes in the size and apparent flexibility of vesicles with varying surfactant concentrations over time and the effects these changes have on vesicle diffusion. We found that increased surfactant concentrations lead to greater size fluctuations. In addition, we witnessed a significant decrease in the flexibility of vesicles over six weeks, while the diffusivity of surfactant infused liposomes increased over a single week. Our data suggests that while surfactants are necessary in vesicles for transdermal drug delivery, their long-term stability is uncertain. Using our diffusion data, we developed a model to estimate the insulin delivering capacity of a hypothetical insulin patch which has the potential to stabilize vesicles for extended periods of time

A novel role of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor S1pr1 in mouse thrombopoiesis

Millions of platelets are produced each hour by bone marrow (BM) megakaryocytes (MKs). MKs extend transendothelial proplatelet (PP) extensions into BM sinusoids and shed new platelets into the blood. The mechanisms that control platelet generation remain incompletely understood. Using conditional mutants and intravital multiphoton microscopy, we show here that the lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) serves as a critical directional cue guiding the elongation of megakaryocytic PP extensions from the interstitium into BM sinusoids and triggering the subsequent shedding of PPs into the blood. Correspondingly, mice lacking the S1P receptor S1pr1 develop severe thrombocytopenia caused by both formation of aberrant extravascular PPs and defective intravascular PP shedding. In contrast, activation of S1pr1 signaling leads to the prompt release of new platelets into the circulating blood. Collectively, our findings uncover a novel function of the S1P-S1pr1 axis as master regulator of efficient thrombopoiesis and might raise new therapeutic options for patients with thrombocytopenia

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected