Sinalização turística: metodologia para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de signos para informação a visitantes

A maior afluência de pessoas a determinados locais, como aeroportos, zonas comerciais, eventos, serviços públicos, instalações turísticas, etc., suscitou a necessidade de orientar essas pessoas num espaço desconhecido e comunicar mensagens básicas com uma linguagem compreendida por uma maioria. Por outro lado essa mesma mobilidade trouxe consigo desenvolvimento rodoviário associado a um crescente fluxo de indivíduos que se deslocam por necessidades várias de um ponto para outro. Esse deslocamento, muitas vezes efectuado em espaços desconhecidos, despoletou a necessidade em apreender novas regras, as quais passam a ser formalizadas através de signos que facilitam o acesso ou a circulação a determinados locais. Para o presente projecto de investigação identificou-­‐se um problema concreto: os sistemas de signos para informação turística em Portugal, na Europa e no mundo são díspares, na sua maioria não se relacionam graficamente, são incoerentes do ponto de vista da sua concepção gráfica e não existe a nível europeu um sistema normalizado. Estrategicamente, encontra-­‐se no design de informação uma resposta concreta para a obtenção de metodologias de investigação aplicadas à concepção de símbolos para informação turística

Co-existence Of Ants And Termites In Cecropia Pachystachya Trécul (urticaceae)

Individuals of Cecropia pachystachya Trécul (Urticaceae) host Azteca (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) colonies in their hollow internodes and feed them with glycogen bodies produced in modified petiole bases (trichilia). In turn, ants keep trees free from herbivores and lianas. Here, we report for the first time the association of nests of Nasutitermes ephratae Rambur (Isoptera: Termitidae) with these trees, in South-Pantanal (Brazil). We aimed to describe the Cecropia-ant-termite relationship and to investigate how their coexistence is made possible. We hypothesize that: 1) The frequency of termite nests in C. pachystachya is lower than in neighbor trees; 2) Termite nests occur in trees with lower density of foraging ants; 3) The time that ants take to find and remove live termite baits in C. pachystachya trees is lower in leaves (close to trichilia) than in trunks; 4) Termite nests are fixed preferentially in the smallest and less branched trees; and 5) Termite nests are fixed preferentially distant from the canopies. Unexpectedly, termitaria occurred in C. pachystachya at the same frequency as in other tree species; there was no relationship between ant patrol activity and the occurrence of termite nests in C. pachystachya; and they occurred mainly in the tallest and more branched trees. However, termite nests generally were fixed in the trunk, fork or basal branches, where there is better physical support and ant patrol is more modest. The segregation of termite and ant life-areas may represent a escape strategy of termites in relation to ants inhabiting C. pachystachya, specially during nest establishment. The isolation of termites in fibrous nests and galleries may complete their defense strategy.6118894Agrawal, A.A., Leaf damage and associated cues induce aggressive ant recruitment in a neotropical ant-plant (1998) Ecology, 79, pp. 2100-2112Agrawal, A.A., Dubin-Thaler, B.J., Induced Responses to Herbivory in the Neotropical Ant-Plant Association between Azteca Ants and Cecropia Trees: Response of Ants to Potential Inducing Cues (1999) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 45, pp. 47-54Alho, C.J.R., Gonçalves, H.C., (2005) Biodiversidade Do Pantanal: Ecologia e Conservação, p. 135. , Campo Grande: Editora UniderpBerg, C.C., Rosselli, P.F., Davidson, D.W., (2005) Flora Neotropica: Cecropia, 94, p. 236. , New York: New York Botanical Garden PressBraekman, J.C., Daloze, D., Dupont, A., Pasteels, J.M., Le-Feuve, P., Borderau, C., Declercq, J.P., Van Meerssche, M., Chemical composition of the frontal gland secretion from soldiers of Nasutitermes lujae (Termitidae: Nasutermi-tinae) (1983) Tetrahedron, 39, pp. 4237-4241Carroll, C.R., Janzen, D.H., Ecology of foraging by ants (1973) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4, pp. 231-257Cunha, H.F., (2000) Estudo de Colônias de Constrictotermes Cyphergaster (Isoptera, Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) No Par-que Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas, GO, p. 51. , Dissertação de mestrado, Univ. Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Bio-lógicas/DBG, GoiâniaDavidson, D.W., Fisher, B.L., Symbiosis of ants with Cecropia as a function of light regime (1991) Ant-Plant Interactions, pp. 289-309. , Huxley, C. & Cutler, D. K. (eds.), New York: Oxford University PressDavidson, D.W., McKey, D., The evolutionary ecology of symbiotic ant-plant relationships (1993) Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 2, pp. 13-83Dejean, A., Fénéron, R., Predatory behaviour in the ponerine ant, Centromyrmex bequaerti: A case of termitolesty (1999) Behavioural Processes, 47, pp. 125-133Dejean, A., Grangier, J., Leroy, C., Orivel, J., Preda-tion and aggressiveness in host plant protection: A generalization using ants of the genus Azteca (2009) Naturwissenschaften, 96, pp. 57-63Delabie, J.H.C., Inquilinismo simultâneo de duas es-pécies de Centromyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicinae: Pone-rinae) em cupinzeiros de Syntermes sp. (Isoptera: Termitidae: Nasutiterminae) (1995) Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 39, pp. 605-609Downhower, J.F., The distribution of ants on Cecropia leaves (1975) Biotropica, 7, pp. 59-62Eisner, T., Kriston, I., Aneshansley, D.J., Defensive Behavior of a Termite (Nasutitermes exitiosus) (1976) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 1, pp. 83-125Folgarait, P.J., Johnson, H.L., Davidson, D.W., Responses of Cecropia to experimental removal of mullerian bodies (1994) Functional Ecology, 8, pp. 22-28Gonçalves, T.T., Reis, R., Desouza, O., Ribeiro, S.P., Predation and interference competition between ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and arboreal termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) (2005) Sociobiology, 46, pp. 409-419Higashi, S., Ito, F., Defense of termitaria by termito-philous ants (1989) Oecologia, 80, pp. 145-147Hölldobler, B., Wilson, E.O., (1990) The Ants, p. 732. , Berlin: Harvard University PressJanzen, D.H., Coevolution of mutualism between ants and acacias in Central America (1966) Evolution, 20, pp. 249-275Janzen, D.H., Allelopathy by myrmecophytes: The ant Azteca as an allelopathic agent of Cecropia (1969) Ecology, 50, pp. 147-153Janzen, D.H., Dissolution of mutualism between Cecropia and its Azteca ants (1973) Biotropica, 5, pp. 15-28Lemaire, M., Lange, C., Lefevre, J., Clement, J.L., Stra-tegie de camoufage du prédateur Hypoponera eduardi dans les sociétés de Reticulitermes européens (1986) Actes Coll. 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(eds.), Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic PublishersOliveira, P.S., Oliveira-Filho, A.T., Cintra, R., Ant foraging on ant-inhabited Triplaris (Polygonaceae) in western Brazil: A feld experiment using live termite-baits (1987) Journal of Tropical Ecology, 3, pp. 193-200Pott, A., Pott, V.J., Plantas do Pantanal (1994) Brasília: Embrapa-SPI, p. 320Putz, F.E., Holbrook, N.M., Further observations on the dissolution of mutualism between Cecropia and its ants: The Malaysian case (1988) Oikos, 53, pp. 121-125Quinet, Y., Tekule, N., Biseau, J.C., Behavioural interactions between Crematogasterbrevispinosa rochai Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and two Nasutitermes species (Isoptera: Termitidae) (2005) Journal of Insect Behavior, 18, pp. 1-17. , doi: 10.1007/s10905-005-9343-yRico-Gray, V., Oliveira, P.S., (2007) The Ecology and Evolution of Ant-plant Interactions, p. 320. , Chicago: University of Chicago PressRickson, F.R., Glycogen plastids in Müllerian body cells of Cecropia peltata-a higher green plant (1971) Science, 173 (3994), pp. 344-347. , doi: 10.1126/science.173.3994.344Sagers, C.L., Ginger, S.M., Evans, R.D., Carbon and nitrogen isotopes trace nutrient exchange in an ant-plant mutualism (2000) Oecologia, 123, pp. 582-586Sheppe, W., Invertebrate predation on termites of the African savanna (1970) Insectes Sociaux, 17, pp. 205-218Schupp, E.W., Azteca protection of Cecropia: Ant occupation benefts juvenile trees (1986) Oecologia, 70, pp. 319-385Soriano, B.M.A., Oliveira, H., Catto, J.B., Comastri-Filho, J.A., Galdino, S., Salis, S.M., (1997) Plano de Utilização da Fazenda Nhumirim (Documento 21), p. 72. , http://www.cpap.embrapa.br/publicacoes/online/DOC21.pdf, Corumbá: Embrapa-CPAP, (accessed date: 12 November, 2013)Thorne, B.L., Diferences in nest architecture between the neotropical arboreal termites Nasutitermes corniger and N. 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Sensor Networks For Aquaculture Monitoring Systems

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food producing sectors in the world, and its economic importance is increasing. Due to the increased demand for food, market pressure and growing concern about environmental and food quality issues, special techniques have been developed and applied to increase food production and improve product quality. Scientific advances in recent years in this sector have been facilitated largely by the application of science and the introduction of new technologies[1]. Emerging technologies in areas of sensor network, network computing and ubiquitous computing are enabling the development of practical and innovative solutions, improving monitoring and decision-making capabilities[2]. Innovations in water quality monitoring, fish feeding, biomass estimation, fish behavior monitoring, disease diagnosis and food waste management can not only improve the degree of automation of aquaculture and the level of scientific management, but also reduce the cost of production, improve environmental control and increase product quality[3]. Despite the great progress of science and technology, the optimization and management of production processes of aquaculture systems is facing great challenges[4]. The objectives of the present work are to review and analyze the currently scientific advances in technology applied in aquaculture systems, exploring the processes, architectures, the automation level and the role of sensors and new information technologies in this sector of activity.Research is supported by Portugal 2020 AQUATROPOLIS project. The “AQUATROPOLIS - Intelligent Management System for Sustainable Aquaculture” is an Incentive System for Research and Technological Development (SI I&DT) project in cooperation with the following entities: Compta - Emerging Business, S.A.; AlgaPlus - Production and Commercialization of Algae and its Derivatives Lda; Domatica - Global Solutions, S.A.; Polytechnic Institute of Leiria (IPL); Polytechnic Institute of Tomar (IPT) and Tagusvalley - Association for the Promotion and Development of the Tecnopolo Valley of the Tagus Valley. The main objective of the “Aquatropolis” project – Intelligent Management System for Sustainable Aquaculture – is to develop a disruptive solution for an intelligent, optimized and automated management of aquaculture operations, in order to promote the sustainable development of the Aquaculture industry in the countries of the Atlantic region.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Study of the requirements of an autonomous system for surface water quality monitoring

In recent years, there has been increasing awareness of the preservation, protection and sustainable use of natural resources. Water resources, being one of the most important natural resources, face major threats due to contamination by pollutants of various types and origins. Maintaining the quality of water resources requires more robust, reliable and more frequent monitoring than traditional techniques of data collection based on sporadic, discontinuous and manual processes. The management of large geographical areas, the insufficient spatiotemporal discretization of the values of samples collected by traditional processes and the unpredictability of natural phenomena, require a new approach to data collection procedures. This article, which is the result of ongoing research, defines the technical requirements and technologies used in a continuous and regular monitoring of surface water quality in freshwater systems, whose data acquisition system helps to identify the sources of pollution and the contaminants flow along the waterways. The design of a versatile real-time water quality monitoring system, which, due to its environmental constraints should be based on renewable energies and wireless transfer of energy, will contribute to improve the management and effective protection of water resources.This work was supported by Centro2020, Portugal 2020 and European Union (EU) under the grants, CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-024052E – Libélula: Mobile robotic surface water quality monitoring system.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Quantum magnetism in two dimensions: From semi-classical N\'eel order to magnetic disorder

This is a review of ground-state features of the s=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on two-dimensional lattices. A central issue is the interplay of lattice topology (e.g. coordination number, non-equivalent nearest-neighbor bonds, geometric frustration) and quantum fluctuations and their impact on possible long-range order. This article presents a unified summary of all 11 two-dimensional uniform Archimedean lattices which include e.g. the square, triangular and kagome lattice. We find that the ground state of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet is likely to be semi-classically ordered in most cases. However, the interplay of geometric frustration and quantum fluctuations gives rise to a quantum paramagnetic ground state without semi-classical long-range order on two lattices which are precisely those among the 11 uniform Archimedean lattices with a highly degenerate ground state in the classical limit. The first one is the famous kagome lattice where many low-lying singlet excitations are known to arise in the spin gap. The second lattice is called star lattice and has a clear gap to all excitations. Modification of certain bonds leads to quantum phase transitions which are also discussed briefly. Furthermore, we discuss the magnetization process of the Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the 11 Archimedean lattices, focusing on anomalies like plateaus and a magnetization jump just below the saturation field. As an illustration we discuss the two-dimensional Shastry-Sutherland model which is used to describe SrCu2(BO3)2.Comment: This is now the complete 72-page preprint version of the 2004 review article. This version corrects two further typographic errors (three total with respect to the published version), see page 2 for detail

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio