Device-Associated Infection Rate and Mortality in Intensive Care Units of 9 Colombian Hospitals : Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium

Q2Q1Artículo original349-356Objective. To perform active targeted prospective surveillance to measure device-associated infection (DAI) rates, attributable mortality due to DAI, and the microbiological and antibiotic resistance profiles of infecting pathogens at 10 intensive care units (ICUs) in 9 hospitals in Colombia, all of which are members of the International Infection Control Consortium. Methods. We conducted prospective surveillance of healthcare-associated infection in 9 hospitals by using the definitions of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Nosocomial Surveillance System (NNIS). DAI rates were calculated as the number of infections per 100 ICU patients and per 1,000 device-days. Results. During the 3-year study, 2,172 patients hospitalized in an ICU for an aggregate duration of 14,603 days acquired 266 DAIs, for an overall DAI rate of 12.2%, or 18.2 DAIs per 1,000 patient-days. Central venous catheter (CVC)–related bloodstream infection (BSI) (47.4% of DAIs; 11.3 cases per 1,000 catheter-days) was the most common DAI, followed by ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (32.3% of DAIs; 10.0 cases per 1,000 ventilator-days) and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) (20.3% of DAIs; 4.3 cases per 1,000 catheter-days). Overall, 65.4% of all Staphylococcus aureus infections were caused by methicillin-resistant strains; 40.0% of Enterobacteriaceae isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone and 28.3% were resistant to ceftazidime; and 40.0% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones, 50.0% were resistant to ceftazidime, 33.3% were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam, and 19.0% were resistant to imipenem. The crude unadjusted attributable mortality was 16.9% among patients with VAP (relative risk [RR], 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-3.00; P = .002); 18.5 among those with CVC-associated BSI (RR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.42-2.87; P<.001); and 10.5% among those with CAUTI (RR, 1.58; 95% CI, 0.78-3.18; P = .19). Conclusion. The rates of DAI in the Colombian ICUs were lower than those published in some reports from other Latin American countries and were higher than those reported in US ICUs by the NNIS. These data show the need for more-effective infection control interventions in Colombia

Influencia del conocimiento profundo del profesor sobre fracciones en el aprendizaje de alumnos de 4o. grado

The aim of this study is to establish to what extent the teacher’s deep knowledge about fractions and knowledge for the teaching of fractions, adjusted by the socioeconomic level and the school mathematical knowledge (SIMCE), influences the learning of the students in the conceptualization of fractions in fourth grade. Information was obtained from 378 4th grade students of 9 schools and their respective mathematics teachers. The results of the regression analysis show that effect of teacher’s deep knowledge is significant in the learning per student (p = 0.001), beyond what is explained by the SIMCE score of the school, which is also significant (p = 0.02).El objetivo de este estudio es establecer en qué medida el conocimiento profundo del profesor sobre fracciones y el conocimiento sobre la enseñanza de las mismas, ajustados por el nivel socioeconómico y el nivel de conocimientos en matemáticas que se alcanza en las escuelas (SIMCE), influye en el aprendizaje de los alumnos en cuanto a la conceptualización de las fracciones en 4o. grado. Con información de 378 alumnos de 4o. grado de 9 escuelas, así como de sus respectivos profesores de matemáticas, los resultados de los análisis de regresión muestran que el efecto Conocimiento Profundo del profesor es significativo en el aprendizaje por alumno (p = 0.001), más allá de lo explicado por el puntaje SIMCE del colegio, que también es significativo (p = 0.02)

Removal of Contaminants in Water with Scallop Shell Waste

Currently, the cultivation and harvesting of mollusks is a crucial activity worldwide. However, this industry generates a large amount of mollusk shell waste disposed of in landfills, causing environmental pollution. In addition, the companies linked to this item allocate large sums of money to depositing the shells in authorized landfills. In South America, Chile is one of the leading producers worldwide of scallop shell (Argopecten purpuratus) waste, creating a growing environmental and financial problem in the country, especially considering that there has yet to be progress in the development of new technologies that may reuse this waste in Chile. This study used different techniques to completely characterize the northern Chile scallop shell waste’s physical and chemical properties for the first time. The XRD result corresponded with calcite crystal structures (CaCO3), and the XFR showed 97.68% purity. Three particle sizes were obtained: BS (595–100 µm), MS (250–595 µm), and SS (2/g, 0.0050 m3/g of pore volume and pore diameter of 18.0 nm, removed 100.0% of CA and 23.0% As(III) in a pH condition of 4.6. The results show that scallop shell waste can be used to treat water and reinforce polymeric matrix composite materials to improve mechanical properties

Habitabilidad y política de vivienda

En esta obra, en la que participan destacados investigadores y profesores, dedicados al estudio de la problemática habitacional se presentan diferentes análisis que permiten conocer cuales son las condiciones de habitabilidad y las características de la actual política de vivienda de México. En sus capítulos se abordan los principales desafíos que enfrentan las familias mexicanas para acceder a una vivienda digna y decorosa y cuales son los retos económicos, políticos, territoriales, arquitectónicos, ambientales, financieros y culturales de las formas de producción habitacional en México y en otros países, en el marco de una sociedad global

Diplomado en Servicios Públicos Domiciliarios

In the present work, addresses the contemporary view of the concept of domestic public services in Colombia, reviewing the public policies which make the rights of users effective, free competition, socio-environmental responsibility of companies providing public services, inclusion of the criterion of sustainability that is evidenced in aspects such as renewable energies and inclusion of management indicators of high environmental quality for companies providing the public service and finally the particularities of employment regimen in the context of privatization processes. Certainly, the management model for public utilities is in compliance with the regulatory guidelines redesigned in the 1990s and in turn is articulated with the model of sustainable development adopted in the Constitution, allowing the participation of both private capital and public capital for an optimal provision of the service, that responds to the basic principles of universality, low tariffs, continuity of service and efficiency. All of which gives rise to a series of specific legal relationships between the State and the companies that are governed by the concession contracts and by the state's regulatory authority, between the companies and their users, which is guided by uniform conditions contracts and between the companies and their workers with certain peculiarities in the employment regimen.En el presente trabajo aborda una visión contemporánea del concepto de los servicios públicos domiciliarios en Colombia, abordando las políticas públicas que hacen efectivos los derechos que de los usuarios, la libre competencia, la responsabilidad socio ambiental de las empresas prestadoras de servicios públicos, la inclusión del criterio de sostenibilidad que se evidencia en aspectos como energías renovables e inclusión de indicadores de gestión de alta calidad ambiental para las empresas prestadoras del servicio público y finalmente las particularidades de las relaciones laborales en el contexto de los procesos de privatización. Ciertamente, el modelo de gestión de los servicios públicos domiciliarios guarda observancia de las directrices regulatorias rediseñadas en los años noventa y a su vez se articula con el modelo de desarrollo sostenible adoptado en la Constitución Política, permitiendo la participación tanto de capital privado como por capital público para una óptima prestación del servicio que responda a los principios básicos de universalidad, continuidad en la prestación y eficiencia. Todo lo cual, da origen a una serie de relaciones jurídicas específicas entre el Estado con las empresas que se rige por los contratos de concesión y por la facultad regulatoria del Estado, ente las empresas y sus usuarios que se orienta por los contratos de condiciones uniformes y entre las empresas y sus trabajadores con ciertas particularidades en el régimen laboral

Matemática - MA678 - 202300

Descripción: Este curso permitirá a los estudiantes reconocer la importancia de la matemática en situaciones relacionadas con las diversas carreras que estudiarán. Será 100% virtual y tendrá sesiones síncronas y asíncronas. Está dirigido a estudiantes de ciclo 0, siendo la base para el curso de Matemática Básica o Fundamentos para el Cálculo del ciclo 1. El curso no tiene créditos académicos y se desarrolla en 8 semanas. Propósito: Matemática es un curso que ha sido diseñado con el propósito de que el estudiante logre ser autónomo en su aprendizaje y, alineado con la misión de la UPC, se motive a asumir roles de liderazgo. Paralelamente tiene como objetivo proporcionar al estudiante el soporte matemático para las siguientes asignaturas propias de cada especialidad, asiì como dotar al estudiante de las herramientas necesarias para que su inserción a la vida universitaria sea lo más exitosa posible. El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de la competencia Razonamiento Cuantitativo, en sus dimensiones de interpretación, representación, cálculo, análisis y argumentación y comunicación.

Diplomado en Servicios Públicos Domiciliarios

In the present work, addresses the contemporary view of the concept of domestic public services in Colombia, reviewing the public policies which make the rights of users effective, free competition, socio-environmental responsibility of companies providing public services, inclusion of the criterion of sustainability that is evidenced in aspects such as renewable energies and inclusion of management indicators of high environmental quality for companies providing the public service and finally the particularities of employment regimen in the context of privatization processes. Certainly, the management model for public utilities is in compliance with the regulatory guidelines redesigned in the 1990s and in turn is articulated with the model of sustainable development adopted in the Constitution, allowing the participation of both private capital and public capital for an optimal provision of the service, that responds to the basic principles of universality, low tariffs, continuity of service and efficiency. All of which gives rise to a series of specific legal relationships between the State and the companies that are governed by the concession contracts and by the state's regulatory authority, between the companies and their users, which is guided by uniform conditions contracts and between the companies and their workers with certain peculiarities in the employment regimen.En el presente trabajo aborda una visión contemporánea del concepto de los servicios públicos domiciliarios en Colombia, abordando las políticas públicas que hacen efectivos los derechos que de los usuarios, la libre competencia, la responsabilidad socio ambiental de las empresas prestadoras de servicios públicos, la inclusión del criterio de sostenibilidad que se evidencia en aspectos como energías renovables e inclusión de indicadores de gestión de alta calidad ambiental para las empresas prestadoras del servicio público y finalmente las particularidades de las relaciones laborales en el contexto de los procesos de privatización. Ciertamente, el modelo de gestión de los servicios públicos domiciliarios guarda observancia de las directrices regulatorias rediseñadas en los años noventa y a su vez se articula con el modelo de desarrollo sostenible adoptado en la Constitución Política, permitiendo la participación tanto de capital privado como por capital público para una óptima prestación del servicio que responda a los principios básicos de universalidad, continuidad en la prestación y eficiencia. Todo lo cual, da origen a una serie de relaciones jurídicas específicas entre el Estado con las empresas que se rige por los contratos de concesión y por la facultad regulatoria del Estado, ente las empresas y sus usuarios que se orienta por los contratos de condiciones uniformes y entre las empresas y sus trabajadores con ciertas particularidades en el régimen laboral

Libro del cincuentenario : 1939 - 1989

Este libro presenta los trabajos de un grupo de profesores de la Universidad nacional de cuyo que han sido especialmente convocados por el Rectorado para pensar y escribir acerca del cincuentenario de la Alta Casa de Estudios.Fil: Bertranou, Armando. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Burgos, Mario. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Calderón, Lisandro Héctor. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Fasciolo, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Fontana, Esteban. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Ginestar, Angel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Martínez Caballero, Alfonso. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Millán, Julio Rodolfo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Muratorio Posse, Rodolfo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Nijensohn, León. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Pró, Diego F.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Puchmullër, Alberto F.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Roig, Arturo Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Soler Miralles, Julio E.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Tizio, Ricardo Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: De Zuleta, Emilia . Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Comadrán, Luis. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Villalba, Luis A.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Sacchi de Ceriotto, María Antonieta. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: López Correa, Ilda. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Vernhes, Marcelo J.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Navarrete, José Francisco. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Gotthelf, René. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Correas, Edmundo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.Fil: Rojas, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo

Ibero–American Consensus on Low- and No-Calorie Sweeteners: Safety, Nutritional Aspects and Benefits in Food and Beverages

International scientific experts in food, nutrition, dietetics, endocrinology, physical activity, paediatrics, nursing, toxicology and public health met in Lisbon on 2&ndash;4 July 2017 to develop a Consensus on the use of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) as substitutes for sugars and other caloric sweeteners. LNCS are food additives that are broadly used as sugar substitutes to sweeten foods and beverages with the addition of fewer or no calories. They are also used in medicines, health-care products, such as toothpaste, and food supplements. The goal of this Consensus was to provide a useful, evidence-based, point of reference to assist in efforts to reduce free sugars consumption in line with current international public health recommendations. Participating experts in the Lisbon Consensus analysed and evaluated the evidence in relation to the role of LNCS in food safety, their regulation and the nutritional and dietary aspects of their use in foods and beverages. The conclusions of this Consensus were: (1) LNCS are some of the most extensively evaluated dietary constituents, and their safety has been reviewed and confirmed by regulatory bodies globally including the World Health Organisation, the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Food Safety Authority; (2) Consumer education, which is based on the most robust scientific evidence and regulatory processes, on the use of products containing LNCS should be strengthened in a comprehensive and objective way; (3) The use of LNCS in weight reduction programmes that involve replacing caloric sweeteners with LNCS in the context of structured diet plans may favour sustainable weight reduction. Furthermore, their use in diabetes management programmes may contribute to a better glycaemic control in patients, albeit with modest results. LNCS also provide dental health benefits when used in place of free sugars; (4) It is proposed that foods and beverages with LNCS could be included in dietary guidelines as alternative options to products sweetened with free sugars; (5) Continued education of health professionals is required, since they are a key source of information on issues related to food and health for both the general population and patients. With this in mind, the publication of position statements and consensus documents in the academic literature are extremely desirable