Effects of temperature and photoperiod on daily activity rhythms of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-04T17:07:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) gustavo_rivasetal_IOC_2014.pdf: 728382 bytes, checksum: f0dd4d5e2dd3f6987745ff64d4383f08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Background: Insect vectors have been established as models in Chronobiology for many decades, and recent studies have demonstrated a close relationship between the circadian clock machinery, daily rhythms of activity and vectorial capacity. Lutzomyia longipalpis, the primary vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in the New World, is reported to have crepuscular/nocturnal activity in the wild. However, most of these studies applied hourly CDC trap captures, which is a good indicative of L. longipalpis behaviour, but has limited accuracy due to the inability to record the daily activity of a single insect during consecutive days. In addition, very little is known about the activity pattern of L. longipalpis under seasonal variations of average temperature and day length in controlled laboratory conditions. Methods: We recorded the locomotor activity of L. longipalpis males under different artificial regimes of temperature and photoperiod. First, in order to test the effects of temperature on the activity, sandflies were submitted to regimes of light/dark cycles similar to the equinox photoperiod (LD 12:12) combined with different constant temperatures (20°C, 25°C and 30°C). In addition, we recorded sandfly locomotor activity under a mild constant temperature (25°C with different day length regimes: 8 hours, 12 hours and 16 hours). Results: L. longipalpis exhibited more activity at night, initiating dusk-related activity (onset time) at higher rather than lower temperatures. In parallel, changes of photoperiod affected anticipation as well as all the patterns of activity (onset, peak and offset time). However, under LD 16:08, sandflies presented the earliest values of maximum peak and offset times, contrary to other regimes. Conclusions: Herein, we showed that light and temperature modulate L. longipalpis behaviour under controlled laboratory conditions, suggesting that sandflies might use environmental information to sustain their crepuscular/ nocturnal activity, as well as other important aspects as mating and host-seeking at appropriate times in different seasons. Our results depict previously unappreciated aspects of the L. longipalpis daily rhythms of activity that might have important epidemiological implications

Determinação de cálcio, potássio e sódio em bananas de cultivo convencional e orgânico

A banana é a fruta fresca mais consumida no mundo, sendo o Brasil o quarto maior produtor mundial e o primeiro em consumo interno. As plantações de bananeiras são majoritariamente baseadas no sistema de plantio convencional, entretanto, preocupações crescentes com a saúde alimentar incentivam as produções de cultivo orgânico. Sabendo que a composição de minerais presentes nos alimentos é um dado nutricional importante, este trabalho avalia quantitativamente as diferenças de cálcio, potássio e sódio nas bananas de produção convencional e orgânica. O procedimento experimental consistiu na coletada representativa das bananas seguida da digestão em meio de HNO3 sob aquecimento durante 1 h. As quantificações foram procedidas por espectrometria de absorção e emissão atômica, revelando que as bananas de produção orgânica apresentam resultados similares aos informados pela Tabela Brasileira de Composição dos Alimentos, mas discrepantes para as de produção convencional, possivelmente devido ao uso excessivo de fertilizantes sintéticos

Label-Free Electrochemical Detection of the Specific Oligonucleotide Sequence of Dengue Virus Type 1 on Pencil Graphite Electrodes

A biosensor that relies on the adsorption immobilization of the 18-mer single-stranded nucleic acid related to dengue virus gene 1 on activated pencil graphite was developed. Hybridization between the probe and its complementary oligonucleotides (the target) was investigated by monitoring guanine oxidation by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The pencil graphite electrode was made of ordinary pencil lead (type 4B). The polished surface of the working electrode was activated by applying a potential of 1.8 V for 5 min. Afterward, the dengue oligonucleotides probe was immobilized on the activated electrode by applying 0.5 V to the electrode in 0.5 M acetate buffer (pH 5.0) for 5 min. The hybridization process was carried out by incubating at the annealing temperature of the oligonucleotides. A time of five minutes and concentration of 1 μM were found to be the optimal conditions for probe immobilization. The electrochemical detection of annealing between the DNA probe (TS-1P) immobilized on the modified electrode, and the target (TS-1T) was achieved. The target could be quantified in a range from 1 to 40 nM with good linearity and a detection limit of 0.92 nM. The specificity of the electrochemical biosensor was tested using non-complementary sequences of dengue virus 2 and 3

The Forest Observation System, building a global reference dataset for remote sensing of forest biomass

International audienceForest biomass is an essential indicator for monitoring the Earth's ecosystems and climate. It is a critical input to greenhouse gas accounting, estimation of carbon losses and forest degradation, assessment of renewable energy potential, and for developing climate change mitigation policies such as REDD+, among others. Wall-to-wall mapping of aboveground biomass (aGB) is now possible with satellite remote sensing (RS). However, RS methods require extant, up-to-date, reliable, representative and comparable in situ data for calibration and validation. Here, we present the Forest Observation System (FOS) initiative, an international cooperation to establish and maintain a global in situ forest biomass database. aGB and canopy height estimates with their associated uncertainties are derived at a 0.25 ha scale from field measurements made in permanent research plots across the world's forests. all plot estimates are geolocated and have a size that allows for direct comparison with many RS measurements. The FOS offers the potential to improve the accuracy of RS-based biomass products while developing new synergies between the RS and ground-based ecosystem research communities

Nocturnal Activity Rhythm of Nyssomyia intermedia (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Campus Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, an American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Transmission Area, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-09-05T15:55:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VanderleiSilva_AlfredoCAzevedo_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 2700177 bytes, checksum: 858bc03441440211d9ea0735070efb24 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-09-05T16:01:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VanderleiSilva_AlfredoCAzevedo_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 2700177 bytes, checksum: 858bc03441440211d9ea0735070efb24 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-05T16:01:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VanderleiSilva_AlfredoCAzevedo_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 2700177 bytes, checksum: 858bc03441440211d9ea0735070efb24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Presidência. Programa de Computação Científica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Nyssomyia intermedia is an important vector of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Methods: Sand flies were captured in a Shannon trap and after landing on human collectors and retrieved monthly. Nocturnal activity was estimated using a log-linear model. Results: Peak sand fly collection in the Shannon trap occurred in summer and winter, and peak fly collection on humans occurred in spring and summer. Conclusions: Ny. intermedia was captured in both the hottest and coldest months, indicating its adaptability to different seasons and the possibility of disease transmission at any time of the year in Campus Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Brazil

Abundance and Monthly Frequency of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in Some Municipalities in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The present study had the objective of estimating the abundance and monthly frequency of vector phlebotomines for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the municipalities of Saquarema, Rio Bonito, Piraí and Rio Janeiro, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Seven sites located in these municipalities were monitored over a 10 to 12-month period. Lutzomyia migonei (França) Lutzomyia (Pintomyia) fischeri (Pinto) and Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia (Lutz & Neiva) the vectors for ACL, were recorded in all four of these municipalities. In this study, it was noteworthy that Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) the vector of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was registered. In addition to these vectors, three other phlebotomine species, including Lutzomyia edwardsi (Mangabeira), Lutzomyia sallesi (Galvão & Coutinho) and Lutzomyia firmatoi (Barreto, Martins & Pellegrino) were captured in peridomestic environments at the seven monitoring sites (MS) over a 1476-hour period. A total of 23,187 specimens were captured leishmaniasis vector species accounted for 99.6% of the specimens captured. Lutzomyia (N.) intermedia presented the highest abundance (SISA = 1.0) and was recorded at all monitoring sites, with the highest mean Williams values. Lutzomyia migonei was the second most abundant and was found at all sites except MS6 (SISA = 0.66). Lutzomyia (L.) longipalpis, Lutzomyia sallesi, Lutzomyia firmatoi and Lutzomyia (P.) fischeri were occasionally observed at the MS. These studies point to the need for adoption of policies involving actions of health education, associated with the notion of environmental management and the basics concepts of the disease, as element of success of an integrated program of entomological surveillance and control of American cutaneous leishmaniasis.O presente estudo teve o objetivo de estimar a abundância e frequência mensal de algumas espécies de flebotomíneos incriminados como vetores da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA), nos municípios de Saquarema, Rio Bonito, Piraí e Rio Janeiro, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Sete sítios localizados nesses municípios foram monitorados ao longo de um período de 10 a 12 meses. Lutzomyia migonei (França), Lutzomyia (Pintomyia) fischeri (Pinto) e Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia (Lutz & Neiva), foram registrados em todos os quatro municípios. Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) vetor comprovado da Leishmaniose Visceral (LV), foi registrado. Além desses vetores, outras três espécies de flebotomíneos, incluindo Lutzomyia edwardsi (Mangabeira), Lutzomyia sallesi (Galvão & Coutinho) e Lutzomyia firmatoi (Barreto, Martins & Pellegrino) foram capturados em ambiente domiciliar nos sete sítios de monitoramento (SM) durante um período de 1.476 horas totalizando 23.187 espécimes. Espécies responsáveis pela transmissão das leishmanioses totalizaram 99,6%. L. (N.) intermedia apresentou a maior abundância (SISA = 1,0) e foi registrada em todos os SM, com os maiores valores médios de captura. Lutzomyia migonei foi a segunda mais abundante e também foi encontrada em todos os locais, exceto MS6 (SISA = 0,66). Lutzomyia (L.) longipalpis, Lutzomyia sallesi, Lutzomyia firmatoi e Lutzomyia (P.) fischeri foram ocasionalmente observadas nas SM. Esses estudos apontam para a necessidade de adoção de políticas que envolvam ações de educação em saúde, associados à noção de manejo ambiental e conceitos básicos da doença, como elemento de sucesso de um programa integrado de vigilância entomológica e controle da LTA

Studies on Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Campus FIOCRUZ Mata Atlântica, Jacarepaguá, in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: The presence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the communities of the Campus FIOCRUZ Mata Atlântica (CFMA) in the City of Rio de Janeiro initiated the investigation of the Phlebotominae fauna in the Atlantic Forest to determine the occurrence of putative ACL vectors associated with the enzootic cycle. METHODS: For 24 consecutive months, sand flies were captured inside the forest and in the border area near the communities. RESULTS: The following sand fly species were identified: Brumptomyia brumpti, Brumptomyia cunhai, Brumptomyia nitzulescui, Lutzomyia edwardsi, Lutzomyia pelloni, and Lutzomyia quinquefer. Other identified sand fly vectors, such as Lutzomyia intermedia (the predominant species), Lutzomyia migonei, Lutzomyia whitmani, Lutzomyia fischeri, and Lutzomyia hirsuta hirsuta, are associated with ACL transmission, and the vector for American visceral leishmaniases (AVL), Lutzomyia longipalpis, was also found. CONCLUSIONS: All sand fly vectors were found in both studied environments except for Lutzomyia whitmani, which was only identified in the forest. This study represents the first identification of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the CFMA, and the epidemiological implications are discussed

The sand fly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) of a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ilhéus, state of Bahia, Brazil

The municipality of Ilhéus, State of Bahia, has a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis where entomological studies were carried out to determine the sand fly species and their habits. Lutzomyia migonei, L. sallesi, L. tupynambai, L. schreiberi, L. intermedia, L. whitmani, L. yuilli yuilli, L. fischeri, L. pessoai, L. shannoni and L. misionensis were identified. Lutzomyia whitmani was the predominant species. Specimens were collected indoors, at peridomestic sites, in the cocoa plantations and in other types of collections. Females fed readily on humans and were attracted to domestic animals. Our evidence suggests that L. whitmani is a probable vector

Genomic analysis of two phlebotomine sand fly vectors of Leishmania from the New and Old World

Phlebotomine sand flies are of global significance as important vectors of human disease, transmitting bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens, including the kinetoplastid parasites of the genus Leishmania, the causative agents of devastating diseases collectively termed leishmaniasis. More than 40 pathogenic Leishmania species are transmitted to humans by approximately 35 sand fly species in 98 countries with hundreds of millions of people at risk around the world. No approved efficacious vaccine exists for leishmaniasis and available therapeutic drugs are either toxic and/or expensive, or the parasites are becoming resistant to the more recently developed drugs. Therefore, sand fly and/or reservoir control are currently the most effective strategies to break transmission. To better understand the biology of sand flies, including the mechanisms involved in their vectorial capacity, insecticide resistance, and population structures we sequenced the genomes of two geographically widespread and important sand fly vector species: Phlebotomus papatasi, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, (distributed in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa) and Lutzomyia longipalpis, a vector of Leishmania parasites that cause visceral leishmaniasis (distributed across Central and South America). We categorized and curated genes involved in processes important to their roles as disease vectors, including chemosensation, blood feeding, circadian rhythm, immunity, and detoxification, as well as mobile genetic elements. We also defined gene orthology and observed micro-synteny among the genomes. Finally, we present the genetic diversity and population structure of these species in their respective geographical areas. These genomes will be a foundation on which to base future efforts to prevent vector-borne transmission of Leishmania parasites. The leishmaniases are a group of neglected tropical diseases caused by protist parasites from the Genus Leishmania. Different Leishmania species present a wide clinical profile, ranging from mild, often self-resolving cutaneous lesions that can lead to protective immunity, to severe metastatic mucosal disease, to visceral disease that is ultimately fatal. Leishmania parasites are transmitted by the bites of sand flies, and as no approved human vaccine exists, available drugs are toxic and/or expensive and parasite resistance to them is emerging, new dual control strategies to combat these diseases must be developed, combining interventions on human infections and integrated sand fly population management. Effective vector control requires a comprehensive understanding of the biology of sand flies. To this end, we sequenced and annotated the genomes of two sand fly species that are important leishmaniasis vectors from the Old and New Worlds. These genomes allow us to better understand, at the genetic level, processes important in the vector biology of these species, such as finding hosts, blood-feeding, immunity, and detoxification. These genomic resources highlight the driving forces of evolution of two major Leishmania vectors and provide foundations for future research on how to better prevent leishmaniasis by control of the sand fly vectors