Le rôle de l'usage sur le développement des constructions nominales chez les enfants pré-lecteurs

International audienceThe development of nominal constructions including a categorical liaison in prereaders has been studied using usage-based theories (Chevrot et al., 2009). In this article, we investigate the development of the variable liaison, which is a sociolinguistic marker in French (for example, its frequency in adult usage depends on the speaker’s socio-economic status). One hundred and eighty-five children aged between 2 and 6, belonging to two distinct SES groups (higher- and lower-SES) participated in a picture naming task eliciting the production of variable liaisons in "adjective + noun" context.Our results show that social differences appear progressively during development. For 5-6 year olds, the social stratification of variable liaison use, observed in adults, appears in child productions.In line with the principles of usage-based theories, we extend the developmental model of the acquisition of nominal constructions in categorical liaisons to the context of variable liaisons.Le développement des constructions nominales en contexte de liaison catégorique chez l’enfant pré-lecteur a fait l’objet d’une modélisation dans le cadre des théories basées sur l’usage (Chevrot et al., 2009). Dans cet article, nous examinerons le développement de la liaison variable, marqueur sociolinguistique du français, dont la fréquence de réalisation, chez l’adulte, est notamment liée à l’origine sociale.Cent quatre-vingt cinq enfants, issus de milieux sociaux contrastés (des enfants de cadres et des enfants d’ouvriers) et âgés de 2 à 6 ans, ont passé une tâche expérimentale de dénomination d’images induisant la production de liaisons variables dans le contexte "adjectif + nom".Nos résultats montrent que les différences sociales se créent progressivement au cours du développement et qu’à 5-6 ans, la stratification sociale des usages de la liaison variable, relevée chez l’adulte, est en place dans les productions enfantines.En accord avec les principes défendus par les théories basées sur l’usage, nous généraliserons le modèle développemental de l’acquisition des constructions nominales en contexte de liaison catégorique à celui de la liaison variable

Influencia del apoyo parental en la comprensión lectora de estudiantes de tercer año básico, en dos colegios de distinta depencia de la comuna de Las Condes : estudio comparativo

Tesis (Profesor de Educación General Básica, Licenciado en Educación)Hoy en día, la Comprensión Lectora está relacionada con todo tipo de ámbito en nuestra vida, incluso desde pequeños se intenta inculcar esta habilidad para desenvolvernos de mejor manera en la sociedad, pero esta habilidad no solo se desarrolla en un ambiente escolarizado, sino también en el ambiente familiar. Por ello se decidió investigar el apoyo parental que presentan los estudiantes de tercer año básico en dos colegios ubicados en la comuna de Las Condes. Por lo que el objetivo general de la investigación es “Comparar la influencia del apoyo parental en la comprensión lectora de los estudiantes de tercer año básico en dos colegios de la comuna de Las Condes, uno con dependencia particular y otro municipal.” Esta investigación presenta características de un enfoque mixto, además de poseer un estilo descriptivo-correlacional ya que no se busca manipular variables existentes. Para esto se realizaron tres tipos de instrumentos que aportaron las evidencias necesarias para cumplir con el objetivo, estas fueron: cuestionario de capital cultural letrado junto al apoyo parental; evaluación de comprensión lectora, que engloba los primeros tres niveles de esta habilidad y finalmente una entrevista a las profesoras jefes sobre el punto de vista que ellas tienen sobre el apoyo parental que presentan los estudiantes de sus respectivos colegios

Penyidikan Pelaku Tindak Pidana Penyelundupan Manusia Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Acara Pidana oleh Kepolisian Resor Kota Pekanbaru

Human smuggling (people smuggling) occurred in the city of Pekanbaru, this is because pekanbaru a place where the border regions directly adjacent to some neighboring countries such as Singapore and Malaysia, so it becomes a shortcut or transit for human trafficking, human smuggling that occurred during this The Regional Police Pekanbaru city there is only one case that happened on 28 August 2014 performed by supiono as criminal human smuggling that took seven foreign nationals who come from Afghanistan, the Pekanbaru City Police managed to capture supiono to conduct raids The combined so terbongkarlah case of human smuggling. This type of research is quite juridical sociological research, because in this study the authors directly conduct research on locations or places studied in order to give a complete and clear picture of the problems examined. This research was conducted at the Regional Police Pekanbaru, while the sample population is a whole party with regard to the issues examined in this study, the source of the data used primary data and secondary data, while data collecting technique in this research is done with interviews / interview and study data using deductive method is to analyze the problems of a general nature subsequently withdrawn padfa specific conclusions based on existing theories. Results of the discussion of this paper is, first, that the crime of human smuggling in the region pekanbaru town in handling the Immigration and Police are not yet optimal, secondly, the lack of public knowledge about immigrants and the danger of human trafficking crimes, criminals organized human smuggling , the apparatus is less responsible, third, the efforts made in addressing the crime of human smuggling to act effectively and efficiently in handling criminal cases of human trafficking, conduct raids combined with other law enforcement officers on the borders or ports of existing

Differences in the Components and Relations of a Multidimensional Model of Reading Comprehension in Low and Average 8- to 11-Year-Old French Readers.

International audienceIf the simple view of reading earlier characterised reading comprehension as a product of decoding and linguistic comprehension, research has evolved to a more complex simple view including speed or fluency as a major factor of reading comprehension. Through this complex simple view approach, multidimensional models of reading comprehension emerged, which, in addition, proposed the implication of other cognitive skills. The purpose of our study is; Firstly, as we hypothesised a structural theoretical model of the relationships between oral language skills, decoding and word fluency, oral text comprehension, reading fluency and reading comprehension, we want to test if this model fits the data obtained from 8 to 11-year-old French students and to identify the contribution and relations of each skill to reading comprehension. Secondly, we want to explore the relations of text fluency with other components of the model and with reading comprehension. Thirdly, we try to identify variations of the relations between these components according to the average or low level of reading achievement of pupils. The results obtained by studying differences in the relationships between multiple predictors of reading comprehension for low and average primary school readers seem to indicate that proficiency in reading is acquired by passing from an independent participation of the OLS and WLS to reading comprehension, as stated by the simple view of reading, to a more integrated functioning with some links between these two groups of skills, which calls for more complex views of reading

Automated analysis of pupils' self-explanations of a narrative text

International audienceWe present a method devised to automatically analyze pupils' verbalizations during reading and to reveal some of the strategies they use. An experiment with 44 primary school pupils (3rd and 5th grade) reading a narrative text and verbalizing what they understood at predefined breaks showed, firstly, that machine results are correlated with experts'; secondly, that the recall of recent sentences is not uniform across verbalizations and subject to a grade effect; thirdly, that there is a grade effect in the recall of distal causal sentences

Automated analysis of pupils' self-explanations of a narrative text

International audienceWe present a method devised to automatically analyze pupils' verbalizations during reading and to reveal some of the strategies they use. An experiment with 44 primary school pupils (3rd and 5th grade) reading a narrative text and verbalizing what they understood at predefined breaks showed, firstly, that machine results are correlated with experts'; secondly, that the recall of recent sentences is not uniform across verbalizations and subject to a grade effect; thirdly, that there is a grade effect in the recall of distal causal sentences

Language evaluation and use during early childhood: Adhesion to social norms or integration of environmental regularities?

International audienceWhether social uses of language, in concert with their acquisition, are driven by the awareness of the social value assigned to linguistic variants remains unanswered. The present study examines how 185 French native speakers, aged from 2 to 6 years from different social backgrounds, produce and evaluate a well-known French phonological alternation, the liaison: obligatory liaisons, which are categorical and do not vary sociolinguistically for adults, and variable liaisons, which are a sociolinguistic variable and are more frequently produced by higher-class adults. Different developmental and social patterns were found for obligatory and variable liaisons. Children's productions of obligatory liaisons were related to their judgments when 3-4 years old, regardless of the children's social backgrounds. However, a developmental gap was observed between higher- and lower-class children that appeared earlier in production than in evaluation. For variable liaisons, children's productions were related to their judgments, irrespective of their social backgrounds, at 4-5 years. Social differences appeared in both children's productions and judgments a year later. Although the ability to evaluate different linguistic forms emerges at an early developmental stage, the awareness of the social value of the variants does not seem to precede the ability to select the standard varieties in formal situations

Sex Differences in Language Across Early Childhood: Family Socioeconomic Status does not Impact Boys and Girls Equally

International audienceChild sex and family socioeconomic status (SES) have been repeatedly identified as a source of inter-individual variation in language development; yet their interactions have rarely been explored. While sex differences are the focus of a renewed interest concerning emerging language skills, data remain scarce and are not consistent across preschool years. The questions of whether family SES impacts boys and girls equally, as well as of the consistency of these differences throughout early childhood, remain open. We evaluated consistency of sex differences across SES and age by focusing on how children (N = 262), from 2;6 to 6;4 years old, from two contrasting social backgrounds, acquire a frequent phonological alternation in French – the liaison. By using a picture naming task eliciting the production of obligatory liaisons, we found evidence of sex differences over the preschool years in low-SES children, but not between high-SES boys and girls whose performances were very similar. Low-SES boys' performances were the poorest whereas low-SES girls' performances were intermediate, that is, lower than those of high-SES children of both sexes but higher than those of low-SES boys. Although all children's mastery of obligatory liaisons progressed with age, our findings showed a significant impeding effect of low-SES, especially for boys

New insights on the occurrence of peperites and sedimentary deposits within the silicic volcanic sequences of the Parana Magmatic Province, Brazil

The PMP (Parana Magmatic Province) is characterized by lava flows of the Early Cretaceous Serra Geral Formation which covers about 75% of the Parana Basin (southern and southeastern Brazil), composed of a thick (up to 1600 m) volcanic sequence formed by a succession of petrographically and geochemically distinct units of basic and silicic composition. the whole package must have been emplaced during approximately 3 million years of nearly uninterrupted activity. A few aeolian sandstone layers, indicating arid environmental conditions (the Botucatu Formation), are interlayered in the lower basalts. Above the basalts, the Palmas and Chapeco Members are composed of silicic volcanic rocks (quartz latites, dacites, rhyodacites and rhyolites) and basalts. This paper presents new evidence of sedimentation episodes separating silicic volcanic events, expressed by the occurrence of sedimentary deposits. Interaction between the volcanic bodies and the coeval unconsolidated sediments formed peperites. the sediments were observed between basaltic lava flows and silicic rocks or interlayered in the Palmas-type rocks, between the Chapeco-type rocks and overlying basaltic flows, between silicic bodies of the Palmas and Chapeco types, and interlayered within Palmas-type units. the observed structures indicate that the sediments were still wet and unconsolidated, or weakly consolidated, at the time of volcanism, which, coupled with the sediment features, reflect environmental conditions that are different from those characterizing the Botucatu arid conditions.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Geociencias & Ciencias Exatas, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Ciencias Exatas & Terra, BR-09920540 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Lisbon, Inst Dom Luiz, Fac Ciencias GeoFCUL, Dept Geol, P-1699 Lisbon, PortugalUniv Nacl Salta, Fac Ciencias Nat, Inst Geonorte, Salta, ArgentinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Ciencias Exatas & Terra, BR-09920540 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc